Computed tomography of intracranial tuberculosis

Summary The many clinico-radiological manifestations of intracranial tuberculosis have been well documented; however, few long-term retrospective serial studies of large series of patients on therapy have been reported utilizing computed imaging. The computed tomographic appearance, sequential periodic evolution, and final outcome of all patients with cranial tuberculosis seen at this institution in a period of ten years have been evaluated. A total of 80 subjects with intracranial tuberculosis revealed 17.5% with Type I isolated meningeal involvement, 71.25% with Type II isolated parenchymal forms, and 11.25% with Type III compound parenchymal/meningeal lesions. Only 28.8% had concommitant manifestations of TB outside the CNS. Seventy four of these patients were followed on medical or combined medical/surgical therapy which demonstrated 24.3% (n=18) resolution without radiographic sequellae, 66.2% (n=49) resolution with residual stroke, atrophy and/or calcification, and 4.1% (n=3) with persistent enhancement of the lesion(s), after two years of treatment. Four deaths occurred all of which were in patients with Type III TB. This large group of patients followed from presentation to radiologic resolution of the disease process by computed tomography yields important information on the presentation, prognosis and sequelae of intracranial tuberculosis.     

大咯血及肺癌患者支气管动脉造影表现

对３２７例大咯血拟行支气管动脉栓塞术（ＢＡＥ）和３１３例次肺癌拟行支气管动脉灌注术（ＢＡＩ）者的术前支气管动脉造影（ＢＡＧ）所见进行了归纳分析，认为有三组Ｘ线征，即感染组的１１种Ｘ线征，肺癌组的９种Ｘ线征，畸形组的３种Ｘ线征。认识这些征象对出血血管的判断及栓塞血管的选择、栓塞适应症的选择、灌注血管的选择和疗效的判断均具有重要临床意义。并对ＢＡＧ在选择栓塞血管的可靠性，ＢＡＥ失败的病理机制及栓塞剂的改进，对隐源性咯血的定位和诊断，对血管畸形的诊断意义等进行了讨论。     

36例烟雾病血管造影的影像分析

目的：探讨烟雾病ＤＳＡ表现特征。方法：３６例中，男２１例，女１５例，年龄４～３２岁。均经股动脉插管行全脑血管造影。结果：３６例脑血管ＤＳＡ均为烟雾病表现。结论：１．先天性因素在烟雾病发病病因中不可忽视。２．烟雾病脑血管造影有以下主要特征：（１）双侧颈内动脉末端和／或基底动脉末端狭窄、闭塞；（２）颅底异常血管网形成；（３）颅内与颅内、颅内与颅外广泛侧支循环建立；（４）脑循环时间的改变。３．脑血管改变与临床表现关系密切。４．本病需与脑动脉硬化、动脉炎及动－静脉畸形鉴别     

Comparative evaluation of cerebral aneurysms with selective arterially enhanced CT and DSA

The purpose of our study was to compare selective arterially enhanced spiral computed tomographs (ACT) with digital subtraction angiographies (DSA) in the presurgical assessment of cerebral aneurysms. A total of 24 aneurysms in 18 patients were explored in a prospective study by ACT and DSA, using an interactive combined CT-angiography suite. Dimensions of the aneurysm, its relation to the parent vessel, and the aneurysmal index were defined on DSA and on surface-shaded display of 3D reformatted images obtained from ACT. Results were correlated with surgical findings. Three aneurysms suspected on DSA were not confirmed by ACT. One fusiform aneurysm suspected on DSA corresponded to a sacciform aneurysm on ACT. Surgical findings confirmed 20 sacciform aneurysms. The aneurysmal index could be measured in all 20 cases of sacciform aneurysms on ACT and could not be determined with confidence in 55 % of the cases on DSA. DSA and ACT gave identical results in 35 % of cases. In 10 %, the index measured by ACT was superior to that determined by DSA for aneurysms which had a diameter of less than 3 mm. In conclusion, the combination of DSA and ACT improved the results of DSA alone. ACT is a reliable method to measure the aneurysmal index in aneurysms with a diameter superior to 3 mm. Received 4 September 1997; Revision received 20 November 1997; Accepted 24 December 1997     

DSA全脑血管造影431例分析

目的:分析431例全脑血管造影,探讨颅内血管病变用DSA全脑血管造影的价值。材料和方法:92年至96年行DSA全脑血管造影431例。采用Seldinger技术,经股动脉穿刺置管行选择性或/和超选择性全脑血管造影。前交通及后交通动脉瘤经显微神经外科证实。结果:动脉瘤155例,血管畸形76例,占位性病变48例。颅内动脉瘤发生在大脑前动脉系统为42.58％,而前交通动脉瘤为大脑前动脉系统的74.24％。颅内动脉瘤为全脑血管造影阳性发现的首位,其次为血管畸形,颅内占位。本组阴性率为25.75％。结论:CT、MR发现颅内出血或血管畸形时,不一定全脑血管造影有阳性改变。     

小肠平滑肌肿瘤的血管研究

目的：观察小肠平滑肌肿瘤血管形态。方法：对８例正常小肠标本及１０例（１５个瘤体）经病理证实的平滑肌瘤手术切除标本，采用血管造影、解剖镜观察、石蜡切片光镜观察及图像分析。结果：小肠平滑肌肿瘤血管丰富，共同特征是：供血动脉增粗，沿瘤蒂进入瘤中心，呈放射状分布、簇状增生、丰富吻合，形似“蜘蛛网”状。血管扭曲、中断，瘤体内造影剂池明显者提示平滑肌肉瘤。结论：小肠平滑肌肿瘤属多血供肿瘤，良、恶性之间血管存在一定特点。这有助于介入诊断及螺旋ＣＴ诊断。     

冠状动脉瘘

研究分析冠状动脉瘘的临床和影像诊断。材料和方法：收集３９例冠状动脉瘘,年龄５岁～６４岁（平均２５．２岁）;均有主动脉根部或（和）冠状动脉造影（ＤＳＡ １９例,电影造影１２例,大片快速换片８例）。结果：听诊有连续性或双期性杂音２８例,ＥＫＧ正常或大致正常心电图１８例,单支形成瘘３７例,双支形成瘘２例,瘘口在右心室１５例（ＲＣＡ８例,ＬＣＡ７例）,右心房７例（ＲＣＡ４例,ＬＣＡ３例）,肺动脉８例（ＲＣ     

时差减影法临床应用及其在心脏疾患中诊断价值的探讨

本文报道了在数字减影造影（ＤＳＡ）中另一种不同的减影方法即时差减影法（ＴＩＤ）的原理、操作及效果，并讨论了３００余人次各不同病种临床病例的ＴＩＤ和ＤＳＡ造 对照观察。结果发现，ＴＩＤ的减影效果较ＤＳＡ更为满意，并能了地反映血流动态和显示解剖细节。另外，对１２种不同病变的ＴＩＤ表现作了和介绍     

烟雾病并发颅内出血的DSA影像分析

目的　探讨烟雾病并发颅内出血的DSA表现特征。方法　 19例患者均经CT诊断为颅内出血 ,经股动脉穿刺插管行全脑血管造影。结果　 19例脑血管造影均为烟雾病表现 ,具有下列特征 :1受累动脉狭窄或闭塞 ;2颅底部烟雾状毛细血管网 ;3大量的侧支循环形成。结论　CT检查一般只能提示颅内出血的部位 ,而DSA检查是诊断烟雾病的主要手段 ,具有明显优势     

DSA对下消化道出血的诊断价值(附32例分析)

目的：探讨DSA对下消化道出血的诊断价值。资料与方法：对32例不明原因性消化道出血患者进行DSA检查，19例经手术病理证实。结果：DSA发现25例病变，阳性率为78．1％。其中血管性病变13例，肿瘤6例，憩室2例，非特异性炎症1例，溃疡2例，息肉1列。结论：DSA对下消化道出血，尤其对小肠和胆道出血病变的定位、定性诊断具有重要价值。