Single dose spinal analgesia: Is it a good alternative to epidural analgesia in controlling labour pain?

ObjectivesRegional anaesthesia is considered the optimal technique for obstetric patients; nevertheless, the optimal method of regional anaesthesia for delivery remains to be determined. In our study we investigate the safety, efficacy and cost benefits of single-dose spinal analgesia in comparison with epidural analgesia during labour.Study designIn our study women in advanced labour were randomly allocated into two equal groups using a computer-generated randomization table, one group (spinal group = S group) were given 3.75 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine +25 μg fentanyl with 0.75 ml saline, the other group (Epidural group = E group) were given 4 ml bupivacaine with 4 ml saline and 1 ml (50 μg) fentanyl pain intensity was recorded by the parturient on a visual analogue scale. The quality of pain relief was also rated with a verbal score directly after delivery. Side effects, such as hypotension, Pruritus, sedation, nausea and motor block were noted. Obstetric parameters were followed and recorded, Apgar score were noted, and all the results were compared in the two groups.ResultsOnset of sensory block (detected by pin-prick test) was early (4.4 ± 1.5 min vs 12.5 ± 2.3 min, p < 0.001) and duration of sensory block was longer (120.4 ± 15.6 vs 103.2 ± 18.3 min, p < 0.001) in S group compared to E group, time to reach maximum dermatome level of sensory block (T₁₀) was shorter in S than E group (8.3 ± 2.4 min vs 22.4 ± 5.7 min, p < 0.001), two segment regression occur late in S group compared to E group(75.6 ± 12.5 min vs 66.3 ± 9.4 min, p < 0.001). Visual analogue scores after 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 min were lower in S group compared to E group, all the previous result is statically significant (p < 0.001). 88% of the parturients in S group vs 60% in E group scored the analgesic quality as excellent, the mean duration of analgesia (Mean ± SD) was longer in S group compared to E group. 8% of parturients in S group vs 14% of parturients in E group had hypotension. Motor block, sedation and nausea were 2–6% in both groups. Pruritus was seen in 60% in E group vs 25% in spinal one. No caesarean section was performed. Vacuum extraction was done in 15% vs 25% among S group and E group respectively. Oxytocin augmentation was needed in 48% vs 62% of the parturients among S group and E group respectively. Faetal heart rate disturbances following the spinal block were seen in 2 cases. Apgar score were high and no neonate had Apgar score <7 in both group. The overall cost was lower in S group compared to E group.ConclusionsBased on the results of our study we concluded that single dose spinal analgesia is a good alternative to epidural analgesia in controlling labour pain i.e. spinal compared to epidural is more easy performed, faster, less expensive, and provide effective analgesia.     

罗哌卡因局部浸润麻醉对腹股沟疝日间手术后早期切口疼痛的影响

目的：探讨罗哌卡因局部浸润麻醉对腹股沟疝日间手术后早期切口疼痛的影响,寻找影响早期切口疼痛的因素。方法回顾性分析2009年5月至2013年4月,首都医科大学宣武医院接受腹股沟疝日间手术,且在术毕接受罗哌卡因浸润麻醉患者的临床资料。于术后4、8、12、24、48 h记录患者的疼痛评分。多元Logistic 回归分析寻找术后早期切口疼痛的独立危险因素。结果共721例患者进入研究,患者术后4、8、12、24、48 h VAS评分分别为（2．52±1．47）分、（2．80±1．54）分、（1．72±0．89）分、（1．33±1．01）分、（0．46±0．25）分。WHO疼痛分级＞Ⅰ级患者比例分别为11．8％（85／721）、15．9％（115／721）、8．5％（61／721）、5．1％（36／721）、1．2％（9／721）。116例（16．1％）患者需要额外口服NSAIDs类止疼药,9例（1．2％）需要弱阿片类药物。回归分析表明患者年龄及BMI是术后早期疼痛的独立危险因素。结论罗哌卡因能使疝日间手术患者术后切口疼痛感处于一个较低的水平,患者年龄及BMI指数与术后早期疼痛显著相关。     

高龄腹股沟疝患者的围手术期处理

目的 评价高龄腹股沟疝患者行局部麻醉下腹股沟疝修补术围手术期安全性与可行性探讨。方法 回顾性分析2011年1月至2013年12月,上海交通大学附属第一人民医院收治高龄腹股沟疝患者80例,均行局部麻醉下腹股沟疝修补术。观察手术时间、术后住院时间、复发率及并发症发生情况。结果 本组患者手术时间45—75min,平均（40±5）min,术后住院时间3～5d,平均（2±1）d。切口感染9例,术后慢性疼痛12例,浆液肿3例。术后随访3个月至2年,无复发。结论 高龄患者行局部神经麻醉下腹股沟疝修补手术,术前重视手术风险评估,加强围手术期管理,是安全有效的手术方式。     

Anesthetic management of parturients with Arnold Chiari malformation-I: a multicenter retrospective study

BackgroundConsensus regarding the safest mode of delivery and anesthetic management for parturients with Arnold Chiari malformation-I (ACM-I) remains controversial. This study assessed their anesthetic management and reported anesthetic complications during hospitalization for delivery.MethodsThis was a multicenter, retrospective, cohort study of patients with ACM-I undergoing vaginal or cesarean delivery. Data were obtained from the electronic databases of four United States academic institutions using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes from 2007–2017 at three sites and 2004–2017 at one site. The primary outcome was anesthetic complications.ResultsData were analyzed for 185 deliveries in 148 patients. Diagnosis of ACM-I was made prior to delivery in 147 (80%) cases. Pre-delivery neurosurgical consultation for management of ACM-I was performed in 53 (36%) patients. Pre-existing symptoms were recorded for 89 (48%) of the deliveries. Vaginal deliveries occurred in 80 (43%) cases, and 62 women (78%) received neuraxial labor analgesia. Cesarean delivery was performed in 105 (57%) cases, of which 70 women (67%) had neuraxial anesthesia and 34 (32%) received general anesthesia. Post-dural puncture headache was reported in three (2%) patients who had neuraxial anesthesia, and in two (12%) patients with syringomyelia. There was one (3%) reported case of aspiration pneumonia with general anesthesia.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that anesthetic complications occur infrequently in patients with ACM-I regardless of the anesthetic management. Although institutional preference in anesthetic and obstetric care appears to drive patient management, the findings suggest that an individualized approach has favorable outcomes in this population.     

不同麻醉方法下输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术治疗肾结石的比较

目的观察对比腰麻联合硬膜外麻醉（CSEA）和气管插管全麻（GA）用于输尿管软镜肾结石钬激光碎石术的安全性和有效性。 方法2015年12月至2016年5月东莞市南城医院肾结石患者80例,随机分为两组,分别采用CSEA和GA,均行输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石术治疗肾结石。比较两组患者术中血压、心率变化,补液情况和升压药使用情况以及手术时间、手术操作难易程度和术中患者不适程度。 结果麻醉后及术中,CSEA组有明显血压下降和心率增加（P<0.05）,需要加快补液及使用升压药;GA组无明显变化,患者无明显体动,呼吸控制良好,易于碎石手术操作,患者无不适反应率低于CSEA组（P<0.05）。 结论在输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石术治疗肾结石中,相对于CSEA,GA是一种更舒适和安全,更有利于手术操作的麻醉方法。     

七氟醚麻醉对大鼠脑ATP酶的动态影响

目的 观察七氟醚吸入麻醉不同时期大鼠各脑区Na~ 、K~ -ATP酶和Ca~(2 )-ATP酶活性动态变化规律,以了解脑ATP酶活性变化在七氟醚麻醉效应中的地位。方法 40只SD大鼠随机均分为对照组、诱导期组、麻醉期组、恢复期组和清醒期组。分光光度法测定不同时期大脑皮质、脑干、海马Na~ 、K~ -ATP酶和Ca~(2 )-ATP酶活性变化。结果 与对照组比较,大鼠大脑皮质、脑干、海马Na~ 、K~ -ATP酶活性在诱导期分别降低21.9％、10.5％、19.3％(P<0.05),麻醉期分别降低37.2％、33.5％、38.9％(P均<0.01),恢复期又开始回升,但仍低于对照组水平(P<0.05或P<0.01),而清醒期基本恢复至对照组水平(P>0.05);大脑皮质、脑干、海马Ca~(2 )-ATP酶活性在诱导期分别降低34.3％、44.3％、25.5％(P<0.05 or P<0.01),麻醉期分别降低39.6％、60.4％、57.6％(P均<0.01),恢复期开始回升,清醒期基本恢复至对照组水平(P>0.05)。结论七氟醚对大鼠大脑皮质、脑干、海马Na~ 、K~ -ATP酶和Ca~(2 )-ATP酶活性的抑制程度与麻醉时相相对应,ATP酶活性与麻醉深度具有相同的变化趋势,表明上述脑区ATP酶可能是七氟醚的作用靶点,与七氟醚的麻醉效应有关。     

糖皮质激素对记忆巩固的作用及其神经机制

背景 糖皮质激素(glucocorticoid,GC)在机体的作用范围比较广泛,对学习记忆也能产生影响. 目的 近年来关于GC增强记忆巩固的神经机制有了进一步的发展,现就近年的进展予以综述. 内容 在人体和动物的众多研究均提示,去甲肾上腺系统的激活在GC影响记忆的机制中发挥重要的作用,谷氨酸及其受体、内源性大麻素也参与其中.GC对记忆巩固的调节主要通过基底外侧杏仁核(the basolateral complex of the amygdale,BLA)及BLA与其他脑区的相互作用而实现,且不同的麻醉药物对应激反应的影响也不相同. 趋向 深入研究GC对人体认知功能的影响,有助于揭示认知功能障碍的发生机制,有利于临床工作者制定有效的预防及治疗方案.     

瑞芬太尼的心血管副作用机制与临床意义

背景 瑞芬太尼是一种新型μ阿片受体激动药,其可有效地抑制心血管应激反应,但随着临床上应用的增多,其引起心动过缓和血压降低的副作用的报道也日益增多. 目的 综述目前瑞芬太尼对心血管作用机制的研究进展,为临床和基础更好地开展对该药的研究提供理论依据. 内容 从5个方面综述瑞芬太尼引起心动过缓,血压降低的机制. 趋向 目前对瑞芬太尼降低血压和心率(HR)的确切机制尚未完全清楚,实验方法上可应用电生理方法对其机制进行下一步研究.     

高海拔地区术中运用力月西方法探讨

目的：研究在高海拔地区运用力月西（咪唑安定）在术中的不同方法和剂量对呼吸、循环的影响。方法：力月西（咪唑安定）运用于单纯上腹部胆囊切除术患者60例，且随机分为A组；单纯运用力月西组（0.05mg/kg）；B组：力月西（0．03mg/kg）和度冷丁50mg混合液静脉注射；C组：先静注50mg度冷丁，5分钟的再静注力月西0．03mg/kg，每组各20例，通过监测观察血压，血氧饱和度（SpO2)、心率（HP）变化，并行，并行镇静分级，分级标准以Breggen方法，3组患者组均无统计学差异，均未用术前药，结果：A、B、C3组术中血压、饱和度均有所下降，但无统计学意义（P＞0．05），且3组术后均不能回忆术中情况，对术中操作无记忆（顺行性遗忘），但A、B两组均有术中患者出现烦躁，几乎不能配合手术，需加大剂量后才能符合术中要求，而C组无一例发生，结论：小剂量力月西0．03mg/kg复合度冷丁间断给药的运用对血管系统影响甚微，不至于引起血压下降，镇静、抗焦虑完全，无呼吸抑制，尤为适合高海拔，低氧环境，此不失为一种较为完全的术中辅助用药。