瑞芬太尼、芬太尼对过度肥胖患者麻醉效果及麻醉复苏质量的影响

目的 探讨芬太尼和瑞芬太尼对于肥胖患者全身麻醉效果及复苏的影响,探索联合应用两种药物的可行性,并找到较为可行的联合方式.方法 按随机区组设计将实施全身麻醉的肥胖患者分为4组,每组20例,分别是芬太尼组(F组),瑞芬太尼组(R组),芬太尼复合瑞芬太尼l组(RF1组)和芬太尼复合瑞芬太尼2组(RF2组),比较4组患者的全身...     

悬吊式、气腹腹腔镜及不同麻醉方法对妇科患者细胞因子水平的影响

目的 比较在不同麻醉方法下妇科悬吊式或气腹腹腔镜患者术中血清细胞因子白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-10(IL-10)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和热休克蛋白70(heat shock protein 70,HSP70)水平的变化.方法 选择57例择期行腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤剔除术的患者,手术时间均短于100 min,按手术方式或患者的意愿分成3组(每组19例):Ⅰ组,于静脉全麻下行CO2气体腹腔镜手术;Ⅱ组,于静脉全麻下行悬吊式腹腔镜手术;Ⅲ组,于硬膜外神经阻滞麻醉下行悬吊式腹腔镜手术.监测3组患者麻醉前(T1)、气腹或悬吊建立后30 min(T2)、气腹或悬吊撤除后10 min(T3)和术后第2天晨8时(T4)4个时点的TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10和HSP70浓度.结果 麻醉前患者的血清IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α和HSP70水平差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术后各指标的水平均升高,其中Ⅰ组在T3时达峰值,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组在T4时达峰值.组间比较,Ⅰ组在T2时点的TNF-α水平[(31±14) pg/L)]高于Ⅱ组[(24±10) pg/L] (P＜0.05);在T3时点,Ⅰ组的IL-6[ (46±8) pg/L]、TNF-α[( 54±18) pg/L]和HSP70[ (3.18±0.58) μg/L]水平分别显著高于Ⅱ组[( 39±6) pg/L,(36±17) pg/L,(2.30±0.29) μg/L](P＜0.叭),且IL-6/IL-10比值也高于Ⅱ组(P＜0.05);此时,Ⅲ组的IL-6[(27±10) pg/L]和TNF-α[(24±7)pg/L]水平低于Ⅱ组(P＜0.05).结论 悬吊式腹腔镜技术免除了CO2气腹对机体的影响,降低了术中应激反应水平,与全身麻醉相比,硬膜外麻醉可进一步减轻此术式引起的应激反应.     

不同全麻对口腔恶性肿瘤患者免疫功能的影响

目的 评价不同全麻对口腔恶性肿瘤患者免疫功能的影响.方法 择期拟行口腔恶性肿瘤根治术患者60例,年龄49～64岁,体重50～71kg,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为3组(n=20):Ⅰ组采用全凭静脉麻醉,静脉注射眯达唑仑、瑞芬太尼、顺阿曲库铵和异丙酚麻醉诱导,静脉输注异丙酚和瑞芬太尼维持麻醉;Ⅱ组采用静吸复合麻醉,麻醉诱导同Ⅰ组,吸入七氟醚或静脉输注异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼维持麻醉;Ⅲ组采用吸入全麻,吸入七氟醚,静脉注射瑞芬太尼和顺阿曲库铵麻醉诱导,吸入七氟醚,静脉输注瑞芬太尼维持麻醉.于麻醉诱导前30 min(T0)、麻醉后1、3、5 h、术毕、术后24、48、72 h(T2～7)时采集外周静脉血,采用流式细胞仪测定T淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞、B淋巴细胞百分比.结果 与T0时比较,Ⅰ组～Ⅲ组T1-5时CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+比值、NK细胞百分比和B淋巴细胞百分比降低,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组T6时CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+比值及NK细胞百分比降低(P＜0.05或0.01);与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组T2,3,6时CD4+、CD4+/CD8+比值和Ⅲ组T2～6时CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+比值及NK细胞百分比降低(P＜0.05或0.01);与Ⅱ组比较,Ⅲ组T4.5时CD4+、CD4+/CD8+比值及NK细胞百分比降低(P＜0.05).结论 与吸人麻醉和静吸复合麻醉比较,咪达唑仑、瑞芬太尼和异丙酚全凭静脉麻醉对口腔恶性肿瘤患者免疫功能的抑制程度较低.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of different general anesthesia protocols on immune function in patients with oral malignant tumor. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients undergoing elective radical operation for oral malignant tumor were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 20 each): group Ⅰ total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA); group Ⅱ combined intravenous-inhalational anesthesia (IV-INH) and group Ⅱ inhalational anesthesia (INN). Anesthesia was induced and maintained with propofol and remifentanll in group Ⅰ; with sevoflurane,propofol and remifentanil in group Ⅱ and with sevoflurane and remifentanil in group Ⅲ. Peripheral venous blood samples were taken at 30 min before (To) and 1 h (T1), 3 h (T2 ) and 5 h (T3) after induction of anesthesia, the end of operation (T4 ) and at 24 h (T5 ), 48 h (T6 ) and 72 h (T7) after operation for determination of the percentages of T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+ , CD4+ , CD8+ , CD4+/CD8+ ratio). Natural killer (NK) cells (CD16+ ,CD56+ ) and B lymphocyte (CD19+ ) with flow cytometer. Results The percentages of CD3+ , CD4+ , NK cells, B lymphocyte and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were significantly decreased during and after operation at T1-5 in all groups and the percentges of CD3+ ,CD4+ ,NK cells and CD4+/CD3+ ratio were decreased at T6 in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ as compared with the baseline values before anesthesia at To. The percentage of CD4+ cells and CD4+/CD8+ratio were significantly lower during anesthesia at T2,3,6 in group Ⅱ than in group Ⅰ . The percentages of CD4 +and NK cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were significantly higher after operation at T4,5 in group Ⅱ than in group Ⅲ.The percentages of CD3 + , CD4 + , NK cells and CD4 +/CD8 + ratio were significantly lower at T2-6 in group Ⅲthan in group Ⅰ . Conclusion TIVA with midazolam, propofol and remifentanil has less impact on immune function than inhalational and combined intravenous-inhalational anesthesia in patients with oral malignant tumor under-going elective radical operation.     

内镜面罩与双管喉罩在老年患者无痛纤维支气管镜检查中的应用

目的 研究适合于无痛纤维支气管镜检查(fibreoptic bronchoscopy,FB)麻醉的气道管理手段.方法 选择无痛FB老年患者60例,用信封法随机分为3组(每组20例),Ⅰ组鼻导管吸氧;Ⅱ组患者应用内镜面罩;Ⅲ组患者插入双管喉罩Supreme(Laryngeal Mask Supreme,塞舌尔),经面罩、...     

高浓度七氟醚诱导对髓核摘除术患者脑血流速度的影响

目的观察吸入高浓度七氟醚(8%)诱导时大脑中动脉血流速度的变化。方法椎间盘突出择期行髓核摘除的患者24例,年龄35~55岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,依诱导方式的不同随机均分为两组,8%七氟醚吸入组(S组)和靶控输注(TCI)丙泊酚-瑞芬太尼组(P组)。记录诱导前(T0)、诱导后1 min(T1)、2 min(T2)、3 min(T3)时的脑血流平均速度(Vmean)、MAP及HR。结果 T1时S组Vmean明显快于T0时及P组(P<0.05),P组各时点Vmean变化差异无统计学意义。结论 8%七氟醚吸入诱导可使脑血流速度加快,尤以诱导后1 min最明显。     

Non-Invasive Monitoring Based on Bioreactance Reveals Significant Hemodynamic Instability during Elective Cesarean Delivery under Spinal Anesthesia

Background and objectives

Blood pressure monitoring offers a limited understanding of the hemodynamic consequences of spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. The purpose of this study was to assess, with the aid of a non-invasive cardiac output monitor based on bioreactance, the hemodynamic changes during elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia in which intermittent boluses of phenylephrine were used to prevent and treat hypotension.

Methods

This observational study was conducted with the Research Ethics Board approval, and all participants provided written informed consent. Healthy patients undergoing elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia were enrolled. Intermittent boluses of phenylephrine were administered in an attempt to maintain systolic blood pressure at baseline levels, and patients were assessed with a non-invasive cardiac output monitor based on bioreactance. Hemodynamic data was collected continuously at baseline, and during the postspinal and postdelivery periods. Data was analyzed using a mixed model ANOVA, and a p < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

Systolic blood pressure was maintained within 79.2 ± 14.2 and 105.8 ± 10.0 percent of baseline during the postspinal period, and 78.4 ± 11.3 and 100.9 ± 10.7 percent of baseline in the postdelivery period (mean ± SD) There were significant fluctuations in systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output during the postspinal period, and significant fluctuations in systolic blood pressure and cardiac output in the postdelivery period.

Conclusions

A new non-invasive monitor based on bioreactance reveals significant hemodynamic fluctuations during cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia, despite attempts to maintain blood pressure at baseline levels with intermittent boluses of phenylephrine.     

Can parturients identify the midline during neuraxial block placement?

Study Objective

To determine whether parturients can reliably identify their midline during epidural or spinal needle insertion, and to determine whether parturient feedback helps the anesthesiologist successfully identify the midline.

Design

Survey instrument completed by anesthesiologists.

Setting

Labor and delivery unit of a university-based, tertiary-care hospital.

Measurements

Completed questionnaires were obtained for 554 of 904 (61.3%) neuraxial blocks. Data were collected on the type of neuraxial block, number of needle redirections required to identify the midline, the patient's height and weight, the patient's position during block placement, whether the patient was questioned for assistance identifying the midline, and if so, how helpful the patient was in redirecting the needle to locate the epidural or subarachnoid space.

Main Results

The anesthesiologist requested the assistance of 194 patients (35.0%) for needle location. Of those questioned, the anesthesiologist reported 128 instances (66.0%) when the patient's response was helpful in identification of the midline. Morbidly obese parturients (BMI > 35 kg/m²) were questioned more often than their non-morbidly obese counterparts (48.9% vs. 30.5%; P < 0.0005). Of those morbidly obese parturients who were questioned (n = 64), 76.6% were reported by the anesthesiologist to be helpful.

Conclusions

Most patients, including morbidly obese patients, are helpful in identifying the midline during neuraxial anesthesia.     

Pain on injection of propofol: a comparison of methylene blue and lidocaine

Study Objective

To investigate whether methylene blue, given before injection of propofol, was effective in reducing the frequency and severity of pain associated with propofol injection.

Design

Prospective, randomized, double-blinded clinical study.

Setting

Operating room of a university hospital.

Patients

90 adult, ASA physical status 1 and 2 patients undergoing elective surgery.

Interventions

Patients were randomly allocated to one of three groups of 30 patients each. Group I received 50 mg of methylene blue, Group II received 40 mg of lidocaine, and Group III, the control group, was given normal saline. All drugs were given as a 2.0 mL bolus 45 seconds before propofol administration.

Measurements

Injection pain using vocal responses, facial grimacing, arm withdrawal, tears, and questioning of the patient were noted. A 4-point scale was used for documenting pain.

Main Results

Pain frequency was 90% in the saline group, whereas the frequencies were significantly lower in the lidocaine and methylene blue groups (26.7% and 40%, respectively).

Conclusions

Intravenous pretreatment with methylene blue appears to be effective in reducing the pain during propofol injection.