Radial turbo spin echo imaging

Fast MR imaging methods should provide a familiar contrast behavior at a reduced scan time. The multi-spin echo approach (TSE) is one of the most promising techniques satisfying this condition. Although the data acquisition time is significantly reduced, image quality may still suffer from artifacts due to patient motion and flow. The radial turbo spin echo (rTSE) approach combines TSE methods and projection reconstruction (PR) techniques. In PR images, artifacts induced by patient motion or flow are known to have a different appearance with lower level of intensity. The contrast and artifact behavior of the rTSE approach has been investigated. The new technique has been applied to abdominal imaging with acquisition times shorter than 30 s and to heart imaging in combination with cardiac triggering.     

几种^99mTc标记人免疫球蛋白（HIG）方法的比较

用４种还原剂即抗坏血酸、氯化亚锡、２－巯基乙醇（２－ＭＥ）、２－巯基乙胺（２－ＭＥＡ）还原人免疫球蛋白（ＨＩＧ），并进行＾９９ｍＴｃ直接标记，比较了４种还原剂所制备标记产物的稳定性、标记条件与过程。同时研究了间接标记产物＾９９ｍＴｃ－ＤＴＰＡ－ＨＩＧ与直接标记产物的一些性质差异，以期寻找一种标记率高、产物稳定、操作简便的＾９９ｍＴｃ标记ＨＩＧ方法，为临床炎症显像提供方便。     

Nd:YAG laser treatment of colorectal malignancies: an experience of 4 1/2 years.

Between 1985 and 1990, 517 patients were treated for colorectal malignancies at our department of surgery. Nd:YAG laser therapy was used in 37 cases (7.1%). The mean age of these 22 men and 15 women was 71.4 years (range: 22-96 years). One hundred-twenty-nine Nd:YAG laser treatments were performed. Indications for laser treatment were (1) palliative tumor reduction (n = 21), (2) preresectional laser recanalization for obstructing carcinoma (n = 6), and (3) curative treatment (n = 10). Laser related complications included one perforation of the rectum and one rectovaginal fistula. One fatal pulmonary embolism occurred. After palliative treatment, five patients died because of tumor progression (mean survival time: 16 months), two because of other reasons. All patients with obstructing tumors could be recanalized successfully. After curative treatment, eight patients are still alive without tumor recurrence (mean survival time: 25.5 months), and two died of other causes. Palliative Nd:YAG laser treatment of colorectal malignancies is a competitive alternative to conventional surgery. Recanalization of obstructing tumors is an excellent treatment for large bowel obstruction, making one-stage resections possible. Curative treatment should be reserved for special cases only.     

Electrochemical modification of individual nano-objects

Two examples of selective electrochemical modification of individual nanoscale objects are presented, namely the electroless metallization of a plant virus, and the coupling of substituted phenyl residues to single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The electroless deposition of metal was achieved selectively on the inner or outer surface of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) particles. Covalent modification of SWCNTs, deposited on a Si/SiO₂ substrate, was performed successfully via reductive coupling of a 4-nitrobenzenediazonium salt in non-aqueous medium. An organic layer with a thickness of up to several nanometers could be deposited on isolated tubes and thin bundles.     

经皮钢针撬拨复位及穿针内固定治疗肘部难于复位和固定的骨折

作者使用经皮钢针撬拨复位及穿针内固定的方法治疗难于复位和固定的肘部骨折５５例，并且详细介绍了操作方法，适应症的选择和临床效果。本方法具有使用方便、创伤小，复位准确，固定可靠及能有效地防止并发症产生的特点。经１２—１８个月随访，肘关节功能优良率达９３．４８％     

颞颌关节上腔灌洗术治疗不可复性关节盘前移位的临床研究

目的：评价颞下颌关节穿刺灌洗术治疗不可复性关节盘前移位的临床疗效。方法：关节上腔灌洗术治疗30例因不可复性关节盘前移位而引起张口受限的患者。结果：张口受限病程在6个月之内，关节冲洗疗效显著。结论：关节上腔灌洗术所需器械价廉易得，操作简单，疗效显著，在我国目前关节镜的普及率较低的情况下，具有较好的临床应用价值。     

大重量颅骨牵引复位下颈椎小关节突脱位的机理

目的　探讨大重量颅骨牵引复位下颈椎小关节突脱位的可行性及临床效果。方法　本组 6 4例 ,男 4 8例 ,女 16例 ,年龄 18～ 5 2岁 ,平均 31岁。单侧小关节突脱位 19例 ,双侧小关节突脱位 4 5例。采用Gardner颅骨牵引在X线透视监视下行闭合复位 ,牵引重量从 4 5kg始 ,每间隔 15～ 30min增加 2 5～ 4 5kg ,至复位成功为止。结果　 6 4例中 ,6 0例复位成功 ,4例不成功 ,成功率为 93%。复位牵引重量为 18～ 4 0 5kg,平均 2 7 5kg。不全瘫患者均有不同程度恢复 ,7例神经功能正常者复位后均无损伤 ,无一例出现神经功能恶化。 4例不成功者中 ,1例系呼吸困难 ,1例系关节突骨折 ,1例系陈旧性脱位 ,1例因不能耐受大重量颅骨牵引而终止复位。结论　大重量颅骨牵引复位可显著提高复位成功率 ,且不会加重脊髓损伤     

定时定向外展牵引复位治疗先天性髋关节脱位

运用自行设计的定时定向外展牵引复位结合指拨分筋外展拨伸手法松解髋关节周围软组织治疗先天性髋关节脱位５４７例（７４６髋），平均随访时间为３年１１个月。结果股骨头包容优良率达９５．４％，髋臼指数平均增加９°，而股骨头缺血性坏死的发生率仅为２％，髋关节自然和轻手法复位占９２％。     

儿童肱骨髁上骨折治疗中预防肘内翻的探讨

目的:探讨儿童肱骨髁上骨折治疗中降低肘内翻的发生率。方法:回顾性总结76例肱骨髁上骨折病例资料,按治疗方法分为手法复位加小夹板固定组(A组)31例,手法复位加石膏外固定组(B组)24例,尺骨鹰嘴牵引组(C组,2周后去除牵引改石膏固定)9例,手术治疗组(D组)12例。对A组与B组以及4组中的Ⅲa型骨折病例的疗效进行分析比较,并作统计学处理,着重对肘内翻的预防加以探讨。结果:所有病例经4~36个月随访,通过摄患侧肘关节标准正侧位X线片,治疗前后测量鲍曼氏角(BA角)、携带角(CA角),参照郭仲华等对肱骨髁上骨折疗效标准的评定。A组与B组的疗效比较(χ2=0·132,P=0·716>0·05),无显著性差异;C、D组与A、B组中的Ⅲa型骨折治疗结果比较(χ2=6·078,P=0·014<0·05),有显著性差异。结论:对于肘内翻的预防应贯穿于骨折复位、固定、复查的全过程。根据骨折类型合理选择治疗方法,正确的复位方法,合理的复位判断及固定方式,手术入路的合理选择无论对保证肘关节的功能还是降低肘内翻的发生率均是关键。     

Mid-term report on the project "Disaster nursing in a ubiquitous society" in the academic years 2003 and 2004

Aim: This is the mid‐term report of the project titled “Disaster nursing in a ubiquitous society”, funded by the Japanese Government. The purpose of this project is to develop the self‐care abilities of communities and individuals to independently regenerate and recover from the consequences of disasters. Methods: The methods utilized in this project were questionnaires sent by post or placed on websites, and interviews. The participants in our research were people with special needs in the case of a disaster, nursing professionals, ordinary people, and other professionals. Results: During 2003 and 2004, there were activities that progressed according to the original plans, activities that progressed at a faster rate than foreseen in the original plans, and newly expanded research activities that were conducted. New academic knowledge gained from the project activities includes five factors for disaster preparedness, six common issues related to health, care, training, and others, six categories of necessary factors in nursing activities, the clarification of the support needs of care‐providers, and the clarification of specific groups with unique needs including children, pregnant and postpartum women, elderly people, people with chronic conditions, cancer patients, and care‐providers. Conclusions: The growing recognition of our center as a global base of disaster nursing is indicated by the fact that we receive numerous requests from Japan and abroad, that our suggestions influence some governmental policies, and that we take initiatives in promoting the concept of disaster nursing throughout the world. It is necessary to disseminate the results of this project, to develop further knowledge, to clarify future challenges related to disasters, and to contribute to the preparedness of people and communities.