复方多粘菌素B软膏联合普济痔疮栓治疗肛窦炎的临床观察

目的 观察复方多粘菌素B软膏联合普济痔疮栓治疗肛窦炎的临床疗效.方法 选取2018年6月-2019年6月于重庆市中医院南桥寺院部门诊明确诊断为肛窦炎的患者60例,采用抓阄法随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例.治疗组予以复方多粘菌素B软膏联合普济痔疮栓治疗,对照组予以普济痔疮栓治疗,比较2组治疗前、治疗后3 d、7 d症...     

咽部异物感患者的高分辨率食管测压结果分析

目的：分析咽部异物感患者的高分辨率食管测压芝加哥分型分布情况,以及食管上、下括约肌的压力变化等食管动力学的特点。方法对21例咽部异物感患者（均排除咽喉部器质性疾病）进行高分辨率食管压力检测,以芝加哥分型为标准,分析食管动力学观察指标,包括食管上括约肌（upper esophageal sphincter ,UES）静息压、食管下括约肌（lower esophageal sphincter ,LES）静息压、远端收缩积分（distal contractile integral ,DCI）、4s完整松弛压（integrated relaxation pressure ,4s IRP）及远端潜伏期（distal latency ,DL）。结果21例患者中,10例（47．62％）为食管正常蠕动,4例为食管小缺损弱蠕动,6例为食管大缺损弱蠕动,1例为食管频发无蠕动;1例U ES平均静息压高于正常值上限,3例平均静息压低于正常值下限,其余均在正常范围内,U ES静息压的总体分布为65．20（44．25,123．05）mmHg ;21例患者的DCI、IRP4s、DL值均在正常范围,8例（38．1％）患者存在食管下括约肌静息压低于正常值,余均正常。结论咽部异物感可能与食管蠕动能力减弱及食管下括约肌压力降低相关。     

双套管肛管预防腹腔镜辅助下中低位直肠癌前切除术后吻合口瘘的效果分析

目的 探讨双套管肛管对腹腔镜辅助下中低位直肠癌前切除术后吻合口瘘的防治效果.方法 采取回顾性研究方法,选取黄石市中医医院2003年10月至2015年10月共收治的658例中低位直肠癌患者(除外手术时即行预防性造瘘患者)资料,按照术后处理方法的不同分为2组,其中A组(325例)患者应用双套管肛管的处理方法,B组(333例)患者应用常规的处理方法.比较2组吻合口瘘的发生率、引流管放置时间、手术后住院时间、住院费用、2组患者出现吻合口瘘后需二次手术率以及术后半年复查出现吻合口狭窄情况.结果 658患者中出现术后吻合口瘘30例(4.6％,30/658),其中A组患者发生吻合口瘘12例(5.1％,12/325),B组发生吻合口瘘18例(5.4％,18/333),2组吻合口瘘发生率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).A组患者在引流管平均放置时间为(9.5±3.1)d,B组平均为(15.3±4.5)d,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).A组患者手术后住院时间为(15.3±5.4)d,B组为(20.4±6.7)d;A组患者住院费用为(43572±3234)元,B组为(53387±4792)元;差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).A组患者术后出现吻合口瘘再次手术情况有2例(2/12,16.7％),B组有12例(12/18,66.7％),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).A组患者术后半年复查无吻合口狭窄情况出现,B组有6例出现吻合口狭窄,通过扩肛治疗后排大便顺畅.结论 使 用双套管肛管联合前列地尔治疗有利于降低腹腔镜辅助下对中低位直肠癌前切除术后吻合口瘘的发生.     

Liverpool Ultrasound Pictorial Chart: the development of a new method of documenting anal sphincter injury diagnosed by endoanal ultrasound

Objective  To develop and validate a pictorial chart that documents ultrasound examination of the anal sphincter.
Design  A new pictorial chart (Liverpool Ultrasound Pictorial Chart [LUPIC]) depicting the normal anatomy of the anal sphincter was developed.
Methods  To validate LUPIC, two observers documented the findings of 296 endoanal scans. Reliability was assessed between observers using kappa agreement for presence and position of sphincter defects. To validate the use of LUPIC by different observers, a video of ten endoanal ultrasound scans was reviewed by our local expert (gold standard). Seven clinicians underwent test-retest analysis. Kappa agreement was calculated to assess intra-observer and gold standard versus observer agreement for the overall presence of sphincter defects and compared with the gold standard. Complete agreement for the position and level of sphincter defects was assessed for the five abnormal scans.
Main outcome measures  Excellent agreement between the two observers was found for the presence (kappa 0.99), position and level of external anal sphincter defects documented using LUPIC. The intra-observer and gold standard versus observer kappa values of experienced clinicians (A–E) showed good agreement for the overall presence of sphincter defects. Complete agreement for the position and level of sphincter defects was found in 23 of 35 (66%) observations.
Conclusions  LUPIC is designed and validated method of documenting anal sphincter injury diagnosed by endoanal ultrasound. Standardisation of endoanal ultrasound findings by using LUPIC may help correlate the degree of damage with patient symptoms.     

低位挂线高位扩创引流术治疗高位复杂性肛瘘随机对照临床研究

目的:观察低位挂线高位扩创引流术治疗高位复杂性肛瘘的临床疗效。方法:将90例高位复杂性肛瘘患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组45例。治疗组采用低位挂线高位扩创引流术,对照组采用低位切开高位挂线术。观察两组患者的治愈时间、治愈率、随访3个月后的复发情况,评价两组患者的肛门功能。结果:治疗组患者的治愈时间较对照组明显缩短(P<0.01);两组患者的治愈率及复发情况比较,其差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。出院时及随访3个月后,两组患者的直肠静息压、肛管最长收缩时间比较,其差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗组患者的肛管静息压、肛管最大收缩压较对照组明显升高(P<0.05)。结论:低位挂线高位扩创引流术治疗高位复杂性肛瘘可缩短治愈时间,较好地保护肛门功能。     

Anal human papilloma viral infection and squamous cell carcinoma: Need objective biomarkers for risk assessment and surveillance guidelines

High grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia due to human papilloma viral (HPV) infections is a precursor lesion for squamous cell carcinoma especially in high risk populations. Frequent examination and anal biopsies remain unpopular with patients; moreover they are also risk factors for chronic pain, scarring and sphincter injury. There is lack of uniform, surveillance methods and guidelines for anal HPV specifically the intervals between exam and biopsies. The aim of this editorial is to discuss the intervals for surveillance exam and biopsy, based on specific HPV related biomarkers? Currently there are no published randomized controlled trials documenting the effectiveness of anal screening and surveillance programs to reduce the incidence, morbidity and mortality of anal cancers. In contrast, the currently approved screening and surveillance methods available for HPV related cervical cancer includes cytology, HPV DNA test, P16 or combined P16/Ki-67 index and HPV E/6 and E/7 mRNA test. There are very few studies performed to determine the efficacy of these tests in HPV related anal pre-cancerous lesions. The relevance of these biomarkers is discussed in this editorial. Longitudinal prospective research is needed to confirm the effectiveness of these molecular biomarkers that include high risk HPV serotyping, P16 immuno-histiochemistry and E6/E7 mRNA profiling on biopsies to elucidate and establish surveillance guidelines.     

胃癌术后早期康复功能锻炼结合腹部按摩对肛门排气的影响

目的探讨早期康复功能锻炼结合腹部按摩对胃癌术后患者肛门排气时间的影响。方法选择90例胃癌手术患者,随机分为实验组、对照组1、对照组2。实验组采用早期康复功能锻炼结合腹部按摩的方法,对照组1采用早期康复功能锻炼的方法,对照组2采用腹部按摩的方法。比较三组患者术后肛门排气时间。结果与对照组比较,实验组术后肛门排气时间早,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论采用早期康复功能锻炼结合腹部按摩能有效促进胃癌术后患者早日肛门排气,早日康复。     

Oddi括约肌测压

内镜下Oddi括约肌测压可直接对Oddi括约肌（sphincter of oddi,SO）运动功能进行评价,被认为是Oddi括约肌功能障碍（sphincter of oddi dysfunction,SOD）诊断的金标准,对Oddi括约肌功能障碍的治疗及预后判断具有很大意义。Oddi括约肌测压（Sphincter of oddi manometry,SOM）是一项有创性的操作,对操作人员要求严格,术后胰腺炎发生风险高,临床应用受到一定限制。目前一些研究主要致力于通过改善导管构造、类型,明确SOM适应证,谨慎选择患者来减少SOM术后相关胰腺炎的发生率。本文就Oddi括约肌测压的技术方法,有效性、安全性、数据结果的准确性、测压术后合并症,以及其在胆胰疾病诊治中的应用作一综述。     

肛门后正中切开术治疗后高位蹄铁型肛周脓肿及肛瘘50例

为探寻治疗后位高位蹄铁型肛周脓肿和肛瘘的有效手术方法,减少并发症,对38例后位高位蹄铁型肛周脓肿及12例后高位蹄铁型肛瘘患者采用肛门后正中切开手术治疗。结果显示,38例肛周脓肿和12例高位肛瘘全部治愈,术后肛门外观平整,无畸形,肛门功能良好。结果表明,肛门后正中位切开手术治疗高位蹄铁型肛周脓肿和肛瘘,手术操作简单,手术时间短,术中寻找内口容易,患者痛苦小,愈合后瘢痕小,肛门功能好,疗效可靠。     

两种术式治疗肛裂前后肛管直肠压变化的比较

通过对两种术式治疗肛裂前后肛管直肠压的变化观察,探讨可能造成肛裂术后肛门失禁的原因,为寻找更优的手术方法提供依据。将确诊的100例肛裂患者随机分成治疗组和对照组,治疗组50例采用肛门内括约肌侧位切断术,对照组50例采用肛门内括约肌后位切断术。对两种治疗肛裂的术式手术前后肛管直肠压、疗程及术后并发症、术后疼痛、术后排便等指标进行观察统计。结果显示,治疗后两组患者症状评分均较治疗前降低,两组近期疗效、术后并发症（创13水肿、创口感染、肛门狭窄、术后排尿困难）、术后排便情况差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,在疗程、术后出血、术后疼痛及肛管直肠压方面治疗组优于对照组（P〈0．05）。结果表明,肛门内括约肌侧位切断术较肛门内括约肌后位切断术治疗肛裂具有创口小、愈合快、痛苦小、并发症少、安全性高等优点。