一次性根治术治疗高位复杂性肛瘘的临床观察

为观察一次性根治术治疗高位复杂性肛瘘的临床疗效,将37例高位复杂性肛瘘患者采用一次性根治术治疗,均一次性治愈,治愈率100％,无并发症和后遗症。结果表明,采用一次性根治术治疗高位复杂性肛瘘疗效确切,值得推广。     

双重超声造影在肛瘘诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨经静脉超声造影联合经瘘管超声造影在肛瘘诊断中的应用价值。 方法回顾性选取2018年1月至2019年6月中国科学院大学宁波华美医院肛肠外科收治的79例肛瘘患者,在常规二维超声检查的基础上分别行经静脉和经瘘管双重超声造影检查,记录外口的数目、位置、距肛缘的水平距离,瘘管的走行、与括约肌和肛提肌的关系（Parks分类）,内口的数目、位置、距肛缘的垂直距离,分支瘘管的数目、走行,与手术诊断结果作对照分析。 结果双重超声造影诊断肛瘘Parks分类的准确性高于常规二维超声检查（92.41% vs 79.75%）,差异有统计学意义（χ²=5.247,P=0.022）。双重超声造影诊断肛瘘内口和分支瘘管数目的准确性分别为92.79%、85.71%,常规二维超声诊断内口和分支瘘管数目的准确性分别为76.58%、62.86%,差异均有统计学意义（χ²=11.202、4.718,P=0.001、0.030）。 结论双重超声造影检查可充分发挥超声造影技术的优势,对肛瘘的Parks分类、内口及分支瘘管的判断具有较高的准确性,可弥补常规二维超声的不足,为临床治疗决策提供依据。     

Chemoradiation-Related Lymphopenia and Its Association with Survival in Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anal Canal

BackgroundAlthough treatment‐related lymphopenia (TRL) is common and associated with poorer survival in multiple solid malignancies, few data exist for anal cancer. We evaluated TRL and its association with survival in patients with anal cancer treated with chemoradiation (CRT).Materials and MethodsA retrospective analysis of 140 patients with nonmetastatic anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) treated with definitive CRT was performed. Total lymphocyte counts (TLC) at baseline and monthly intervals up to 12 months after initiating CRT were analyzed. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between overall survival (OS) and TRL, dichotomized by grade (G)4 TRL (<0.2k/μL) 2 months after initiating CRT. Kaplan‐Meier and log‐rank tests were used to compare OS between patients with versus without G4 TRL.ResultsMedian time of follow‐up was 55 months. Prior to CRT, 95% of patients had a normal TLC (>1k/μL). Two months after initiating CRT, there was a median of 71% reduction in TLC from baseline and 84% of patients had TRL: 11% G1, 31% G2, 34% G3, and 8% G4. On multivariable Cox model, G4 TRL at two months was associated with a 3.7‐fold increased risk of death. On log‐rank test, the 5‐year OS rate was 32% in the cohort with G4 TRL versus 86% in the cohort without G4 TRL.ConclusionTRL is common and may be another prognostic marker of OS in anal cancer patients treated with CRT. The association between TRL and OS suggests an important role of the host immunity in anal cancer outcomes.Implications for PracticeThis is the first detailed report demonstrating that standard chemoradiation (CRT) commonly results in treatment‐related lymphopenia (TRL), which may be associated with a poorer overall survival (OS) in patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma. The association between TRL and worse OS observed in this study supports the importance of host immunity in survival among patients with anal cancer. These findings encourage larger, prospective studies to further investigate TRL, its predictors, and its relationship with survival outcomes. Furthermore, the results of this study support ongoing efforts of clinical trials to investigate the potential role of immunotherapy in anal cancer.