别嘌呤醇与厄贝沙坦联用对慢性肾脏疾病合并高尿酸血症患者的炎症因子及心脏功能的影响

目的:观察别嘌呤醇与厄贝沙坦联用对慢性肾脏疾病(CKD)患者的血尿酸、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、血管性血友病因子(vWF)、心脏结构与功能的影响。方法:将CKD合并高尿酸血症患者48例分成A、B组,各24例。A组接受厄贝沙坦治疗,B组接受厄贝沙坦加别嘌呤醇治疗。入组第2天及别嘌呤醇治疗满12个月后清晨空腹抽血检测血尿酸、hs-CRP和vWF水平,行心脏超声检查。结果:治疗后,A、B组血尿酸、hs-CRP、vWF水平均较治疗前有显著下降(P<0.05),但B组下降更明显(P<0.05);治疗后,A、B组左心房内径、左心室舒张末期内径、左心室舒张末期容量、左心室收缩末期容量较治疗前显著下降(P<0.05),短轴缩短率、射血分数较治疗前显著升高(P<0.05),但B组变化更明显(P<0.05)。结论:别嘌呤醇可改善CKD合并高尿酸血症患者的微炎症状态,保护血管内皮功能和心脏功能,与厄贝沙坦联用效果更显著。     

Effect of allopurinol on damage caused by free radicals to cryptorchid testes

Cryptorchidism causes apoptosis of germ cells. It has been suggested that the redox regulatory system is involved in this process. The free radicals produced are thought to be generated during the production of uric acid, a reaction catalyzed by xanthine oxidase. This enzyme is inhibited by allopurinol; however, the role of allopurinol in neonate rats with inguinal cryptorchidism has not been assessed yet. Sixty male Wistar rats were used and five groups were formed: a control, a sham, a sham group with allopurinol administration and two groups with surgical unilateral cryptorchidism, which either did not receive, or received, allopurinol. The rats were assessed at 40 days post-partum. Reactive oxygen species concentration and epithelial area were measured and the histopathological, apoptotic and cellular proliferation indexes were determined. We found a decrease in reactive oxygen species, histopathological and apoptotic indexes and an increase in proliferation index and epithelial area in rats with cryptorchidism treated with allopurinol in comparison with rats with untreated cryptorchidism. We suggest that the over-production of reactive oxygen species plays an important role in the damage of the cryptorchid testes. Allopurinol administration decreases reactive oxygen species concentrations as well as the damage to the germ epithelium.     

别嘌呤醇致重症药疹的临床分析

目的分析别嘌呤醇致重症药疹的临床特点,评价丙种球蛋白静脉滴注联合甲泼尼龙治疗重症药疹的疗效。方法对9例别嘌呤醇致重症药疹患者的临床表现、实验室检查、治疗、预后进行回顾性分析。结果别嘌呤醇所致重症药疹包括重症多形红斑型、表皮坏死松解型、剥脱性皮炎型,潜伏期长、病情急重、肝肾受累常见。丙种球蛋白静脉滴注联合甲泼尼龙治疗成功率达88．88％。结论别嘌呤醇致重症药疹有相应的临床特点,丙种球蛋白静脉滴注联合甲泼尼龙治疗别嘌呤醇致重症药疹是较好的治疗方案之一.     

Latent overproductive hyperuricemia increases in patients during the intermittent phase of gouty arthritis under long-term antihyperuricemic treatment

Abstract

This work was undertaken to determine baseline urate metabolism in patients during the intermittent phase of gouty arthritis in order to decide on the best treatment for hyperuricemia. Parameters affecting serum urate levels, including uric acid clearance and urinary urate excretion, were re-evaluated in 30 patients who had shown normouricemia and no gouty attacks for at least 1 year and who were receiving urate-lowering drugs. The parameters determined at 2 weeks after discontinuation of the treatment (re-evaluation) were compared with those determined at initial diagnosis (initial evaluation). The discontinuation of urate-lowering drugs at re-evaluation led to a hyperuricemic state in all patients. The serum urate levels at re-evaluation were significantly higher than those at initial evaluation. The mean quantity of urinary urate excretion in patients showing increases in serum urate levels and the number of patients classified with overproductive hyperuricemia increased at re-evaluation. There was a significant increase in γ-glutamyl transpeptidase level, but no changes in body weight or creatinine and uric acid clearance. Asymptomatic patients at intermittent phases of gout may be in a latent, but progressing, hyperuricemic state as a result of urate overproduction. Physicians should assess latent hyperuricemia periodically, and choose a treatment with xanthine oxidase inhibitor when necessary.     

别嘌呤醇治疗对伴高尿酸血症慢性心衰患者心功能的影响

[目的]探讨高尿酸血症的慢性心衰患者,别嘌呤醇治疗对其心功能的影响。[方法]56例心功能II～III级慢性心衰患者分为别嘌呤醇治疗组和对照组。所有对照组患者均于入院后给予常规抗心衰治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗基础上加用别嘌呤醇300mg/d,治疗12周。分别检测治疗前、后血尿酸、左心室舒张末期内径和左心室射血分数的变化。[结果]与治疗前相比,别嘌呤醇组治疗后左心室舒张末期内径明显降低,左心室射血分数升高(P﹤0.05)。与对照组相比,别嘌呤醇组治疗后左心室舒张末期内径,左心室射血分数的改善更为明显(P﹤0.05)。[结论]别嘌呤醇能降低体内氧化应激水平,改善心功能。     

别嘌呤醇致重症药疹9例临床分析

目的探讨别嘌呤醇致重症药疹的临床特点。方法对9例别嘌呤醇致重症药疹患者的临床表现、实验室检查、治疗、预后进行回顾性分析。结果别嘌呤醇所致重症药疹包括重症多形红斑型、表皮坏死松解型、剥脱性皮炎型。潜伏期长、病情急重、肝肾受累常见、糖皮质激素治疗有效,但病程长、死亡率高。结论别嘌呤醇致重症药疹应用皮质类固醇激素治疗时宜早期、足量、足疗程、缓慢减量。     

Drug-induced MPO-ANCA-positive necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis preceded by granulomatous hepatitis

A 67-year-old man being treated with allopurinol, furosemide, digoxin, and tamocapril for congestive heart failure and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation was admitted to our hospital because of intermittent fever, general fatigue, and liver dysfunction. On admission, myeloperoxidase anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (MPO-ANCA) was positive, and the titer was high. Discontinuation of all four drugs led to improvement of the symptoms, but the patient's renal function deteriorated. Liver biopsy showed granulomatous hepatitis (GH), and renal biopsy findings led to a diagnosis of pauci-immune necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis (CGN). The patient's renal function spontaneously improved without immunosuppressive therapy, and the MPO-ANCA titer decreased. We speculate that some common pathway induced by the drugs, possibly allopurinol, led to the two different clinical diseases, GH and CGN. Received: December 21, 2001 / Accepted: March 25, 2002