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排序方式: 共有306条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Summary In order to determine the effect of intrarenal synthesis of urate upon the urinary urate excretion in the rat, we effected large changes in urate synthesis by increasing it with hypoxanthine and decreasing it with allopurinol. Hypoxanthine infusion increased plasma urate rapidly and also increased the urinary urate excretion and its renal clearance. However, when the plasma urate was maintained constant, hypoxanthine had no effect upon renal urate transport. Conversely, allopurinol infusion rapidly diminished the plasma urate, urinary urate excretion and its renal clearance. Again, the maintenance of a constant plasma urate concentration prevented any change in urate transport during allopurinol. The urinary degradative purine metabolite pattern was altered pre-dictably by hypoxanthine and allopurinol. Assuming that any putative intrarenal component of urate synthesis would be affected predictably and consistently by hypoxanthine and allopurinol, these results suggest that changes in intrarenal urate synthesis are not an important determinant of urate excretion in the rat.Reported in abstract form in Clinical Research23, 508 A (1975) 相似文献
2.
别嘌呤醇对离体大鼠缺血再灌注心肌的保护作用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为探讨别嘌呤醇(allo)对心肌的保护作用与机理,采用离体大鼠心脏灌注模型,研究allo对缺血再灌注心肌的保护作用。结果表明心肌缺血再灌注后磷酸肌酸肌酶(CPK)释放增多,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性降低,黄嘌呤氧化酶(XO)活性和丙二醛(MDA)量增加,心肌超微结构破坏明显。allo通过抑制氧自由基的生成对缺血再灌注心肌起保护作用。 相似文献
3.
Fuchs P Haefeli WE Ledermann HR Wenk M 《European journal of clinical pharmacology》1999,54(11):869-876
Objectives: To evaluate the in vivo effect of xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition by allopurinol on the determination of polymorphic N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) and cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) with urinary caffeine metabolic ratios.
Methods: In an open, prospective study involving 21 healthy subjects (eight fast, 13 slow NAT2 acetylators) allopurinol (300 mg perday)
was administered orally on trial days 1–8, followed by a wash-out period of 8 days. Urinary caffeine tests (200 mg caffeine
p.o.) were performed repetitively. Urine was collected for 8 h and venous blood samples for the determination of allopurinol,
oxypurinol and uric acid were drawn. The urinary caffeine metabolites 1-methyluric acid (1MU), 1-methylxanthine (1MX), 1,7-dimethyluric
acid (17MU), 1,7-dimethylxanthine (17MX), 5-acetylamino-6-formylamino-3-methyluracil (AFMU), plasma allopurinol and oxypurinol
were analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Results: During XO inhibition by allopurinol, the formation of 1MU from 1MX and therefore the XO ratio 1MU/1MX decreased to 15.9
(1.2)% [mean with (SEM)] of baseline values (P < 0.005). The NAT2 ratio AFMU/1MX decreased likewise to 56.7 (6.3)% (P < 0.005). AFMU/(AFMU + 1MX + 1MU), an alternative NAT2 ratio, remained constant, but the CYP1A2 ratio (AFMU + 1MX + 1MU)/17MU,
used to express CYP1A2 activity, transiently increased to 167 (13)% (P < 0.005). The NAT2 phenotype did not influence CYP1A2 and XO ratios or plasma oxypurinol pharmacokinetics.
Conclusions: Several caffeine metabolic ratios are commonly used to express the activities of NAT2, CYP1A2 and XO both in healthy volunteers
and in polymedicated patients, although their reliability has not been evaluated thoroughly during concurrent drug administration.
The findings of this study suggest that NAT2 phenotyping should be performed using the ratio AFMU/(AFMU + 1MX + 1MU) if an
XO inhibitor may be present. It also shows that the determination of CYP1A2 activity with caffeine as a metabolic probe is
considerably altered under these conditions. Thus, concomitant drug administration may impair the robustness of multiple pathways
of the complex caffeine test. This points to the need for alternative probes, designed to assess only the activity of a single
enzyme because, in contrast to healthy volunteers, in patients known or unknown drug interactions may often be present.
Received: 10 August 1998 / Accepted in revised form: 5 October 1998 相似文献
4.
目的 研究睾丸扭转以后组织的受损情况,观察别嘌呤醇药物对睾丸扭转的治疗意义。方法 以大鼠为研究对象,测定一侧睾丸扭转后两侧睾丸组织的脂质过氧化物含量。按扭转时间分组,分析睾丸扭转、复位、药物应用以后局部的损伤变化情况。结果 单侧睾丸扭转以后,两侧组织的脂质过氧化物含量都明显上升。脂质过氧化物的含量与扭转时间有关。别嘌呤醇应用后,能降低扭转2h以内的两侧睾丸脂质过氧化物产量,以及扭转6h以内的对侧睾丸脂质过氧化物含量。结论 别嘌呤醇对改善睾丸扭转损伤有治疗意义,临床上应提倡早期用药。 相似文献
5.
Yahya A. Al-Zahrani Sameer E. Al-Harthi Lateef M. Khan Hani M. El-Bassossy Sherif M. Edris Mai A. Alim A. Sattar 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2015,23(5):487-498
The anti-anginal effects of allopurinol were assessed in experimental model rats of angina and their effects were evaluated with amlodipine. In the vasopressin-induced angina model, oral administration of allopurinol in dose of 10 mg/kg revealed remarkably analogous effects in comparison with amlodipine such as dose-dependent suppression of vasopressin-triggered time, duration and severity of ST depression. In addition, allopurinol produced dose dependent suppression of plasma Malondialdehyde (MDA) level, systolic blood pressure, cardiac contractility and cardiac oxygen consumption; while in contrast, amlodipine minimally suppressed the elevation of plasma MDA level. Endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) expression, serum nitrate were strikingly increased, however lipid profile was significantly reduced. Seemingly, allopurinol was found to be more potent than amlodipine – a calcium channel antagonist. To conclude, it was explicitly observed and verified that on the ischemic electrocardiography (ECG) changes in angina pectoris model in rats, allopurinol exerts a significant protective effects, reminiscent of enhancement of vascular oxidative stress, function of endothelial cells, improved coronary blood flow in addition to the potential enhancement in myocardial stress. Moreover, our findings were in conformity with several human studies. 相似文献
6.
患者因服用别嘌呤醇所致引发多种严重的药物不良反应,皮疹等不良反应经H1受体拮抗剂、激素等处理后好转,但严重腹泻经常规用药治疗无法得以改善,予以使用奥曲肽注射液以药理作用治疗后即好转,提示奥曲肽可能适用于药物不良反应引起的难治性严重腹泻。 相似文献
7.
目的:研究高尿酸血症的急性脑梗死患者降尿酸治疗对血管内皮功能及血压的影响。方法:搜集同一中心共138例患者入选该研究。高尿酸血症并急性脑梗死者入选92例,随机(随机数字法)分为实验组46例,对照组46例,同时入选同期血尿酸正常的急性脑梗死患者46例,实验组口服别嘌醇3个月治疗高尿酸血症。对这些人群进行抽血化验,记录治疗前后血尿酸、血脂及hs-CRP,同时检测患者血压、体质量指数(BMI),并采用超声无创血流介导的血管舒张功能(FMD)进行血管内皮功能评估,治疗前后各组之间比较并进行统计学分析。结果:别嘌醇治疗3个月后实验组血尿酸[(479.7±49.0) μmol/L
vs. (381.2±76.7)μmol/L]、hs-CRP[(8.1±6.7) mg/L
vs. (5.1±4.6) mg/L]、收缩压[(124.7±26.3) mmHg
vs. (97.4±13.5) mmHg]明显降低(
P<0.05),FMD[(7.6±3.5%)
vs. (11.2±3.9%)]明显升高(
P<0.05),FMD升高的程度与血尿酸降低的程度呈正相关(
r=0.463,
P<0.01),多元回归分析显示血尿酸是FMD的独立影响因子(
β=-0.229,
P=0.035)。
结论:高尿酸血症的急性脑梗死患者中降尿酸治疗可明显改善患者的血管内皮功能,改善炎症状态,降低患者血压,进一步印证了高尿酸血症导致血管内皮功能紊乱,促进动脉粥样硬化的发生与发展。 相似文献
8.
高尿酸血症大鼠模型的实验研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
以含腺嘌呤的饲料在SD大鼠建立高尿酸血症动物模型 ,以别嘌呤醇治疗能降低高尿酸血症大鼠血尿酸值 相似文献
9.
Kowoon Joo Seong-Ryul Kwon Mie-Jin Lim Kyong-Hee Jung Hoyeon Joo Won Park 《Journal of Korean medical science》2014,29(5):657-661
The object of this study was to evaluate the effect of uric acid lowering therapy in reducing the new development of comorbidities and the frequency of acute attacks in gout patients. We retrospectively reviewed patients who were diagnosed to have gout with at least 3 yr of follow up. They were divided into 2 groups; 53 patients with mean serum uric acid level (sUA)<6 mg/dL and 147 patients with mean sUA≥6 mg/dL. Comorbidities of gout such as hypertension (HTN), type II diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and urolithiasis were compared in each group at baseline and at last follow-up visit. Frequency of acute gout attacks were also compared between the groups. During the mean follow up period of 7.6 yr, the yearly rate of acute attack and the new development of HTN, DM, CVD and urolithiasis was lower in the adequately treated group compared to the inadequately treated group. Tight control of uric acid decreases the incidence of acute gout attacks and comorbidities of gout such as HTN, DM, CVD and urolithiasis.
Graphical Abstract
相似文献10.
目的 分析非布司他治疗慢性肾病伴高尿酸血症的疗效和机制。方法 回顾2015年10月-2017年10月到河南医学高等专科学校附属医院诊治的慢性肾病伴高尿酸血症的患者共108例,按照随机原则分为两组,观察组54例患者采用非布司他治疗,对照组54例患者采用别嘌醇治疗,疗程均为24周。检测两组患者治疗前后血尿酸(UA)、血肌酐(Scr)、肾小球滤过率估算值(eGFR)、血尿素氮(BUN)、血白蛋白(Alb)和尿微量蛋白尿(u-mAlb)水平,比较两组患者疗效,记录肝功能受损、皮疹、胃肠道反应和血脂升高等不良反应发生情况。结果 治疗前两组患者各项指标无明显差异;治疗后UA、Scr、BUN、u-mAlb、eGFR均较治疗前明显降低,Alb较治疗前明显升高,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且治疗后观察组患者UA、Scr、BUN和u-mAlb明显低于对照组,eGFR和Alb明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者高尿酸血症治疗总有效率为77.78%,明显高于对照组患者的55.56%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者肾功能治疗总有效率为83.33%,明显高于对照组患者的62.96%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组肝功能受损、皮疹、胃肠道反应和血脂升高等不良反应发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 非布司他治疗慢性肾病伴高尿酸血症疗效确切,能够有效降低血尿酸水平,保护患者肾功能,不良反应发生率低,建议临床推广应用。 相似文献