The association of wavefront aberration and accommodative lag in myopes

Accommodative lags, induced by a target at 33 cm (distance-induced condition) and by a -3.0 D lens (lens-induced condition), and wavefront aberrations were measured in 27 young myopic eyes. The accommodative lags and Strehl ratios derived from the wavefront aberrations in myopes were compared with those from 57 emmetropes. Accommodation was measured using a Canon R-1 autorefractor, while aberrations were measured using a psychophysical ray-tracing technique. In accord with previous results, larger accommodative lags were found for the myopes than the emmetropes in both the lens-induced and distance-induced conditions. The mean Strehl ratio was smaller in the myopes (0.079) than the emmetropes (0.091); this difference approached significance (p = 0.055). In addition, for myopes the accommodative lag was significantly correlated with the Strehl ratio in the lens-induced condition (r = -0.45, p < 0.02) and approached significance in the distance-induced condition (r = -0.35, p = 0.07). No significant correlations were found for emmetropes. Possible reasons to account for these results are discussed.     

Development of a Lag Time Coating for Drug-Layered Fish Feed Pellets

The purpose of this work was to develop a release-delaying coat for drug-layered fish pellets, in order to prevent a premature release of the drug in the tank water but allowing a rapid release after uptake by the fish. Blank pellets were prepared in a rotary processor and drug layered in a Wurster coater with bovine serum albumin or riboflavin using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as a binder. On the drug- loaded pellets, different mixtures of ethyl cellulose (EC) and HPMC were applied as the release-delaying coat. The aim was to obtain less than 10% drug release during the first 10 min followed by a fast release after the “lag” period, resulting in a sigmoidal release profile. In order to prevent coat bursts it was necessary to increase the amount of plasticizer from 20 to 40% triethylcitrate. To have a complete coat around the pellets, the thickness of the coat (amount EC) was important up to a certain level. The EC/HPMC ratio had a decisive influence on optimizing the permeability of the coating and realizing a sigmoidal release profile. The release rate was studied as a function of several formulation variables and physico-chemical parameters (salinity, pH, and temperature) of the dissolution medium as the coating system is intended for different fish species. Salinity of the water proved to be important as well as the temperature. The developed system seems to be promising for a lot of ichthyologic applications, although it has to be evaluated for each intended drug, keeping in mind the properties of the particles to be coated, the fish species, and the environment.     

Secondary correction of premaxilla in bilateral cleft lip and palate with lag-screw fixation

It is not unusual for the protruding premaxilla to attain an undesirable position after cleft lip repair. Such a premaxilla may lead to considerable problems in facial aesthetics, or oral functions, or both in early childhood. These abnormal premaxillas may produce difficulties in bone grafting and orthodontic treatment in late childhood. In such cases, surgical correction of the premaxilla in childhood is justified. From 2013 to 2018, 11 children, aged 2 to 11 years, had a secondary ostectomy of their premaxilla. A new stabilisation method (developed by us) was used to provide rigid fixation to the premaxilla. The follow up period ranged from 1 - 6 years. The results were satisfactory in all except for a few minor issues in three patients. There was significant improvement in their appearance, oral functions, and most importantly in their quality of life. The need for secondary osteotomy of the premaxilla should always be weighed against its potential complications. The fixation technique described by us, though, provides rigid fixation, but may potentially be associated with a few complications if not practised carefully.     

假体双延伸肩台拉力螺钉固位设计的生物力学评价

目的：对双延伸肩台拉力螺钉固位方式进行生物力学评价，探索合理的下颌骨假体固位方式。方法：选择1例华东地区正常成年男性，建立基于CT图像数据文件的下颌骨三维有限元模型，计算机模拟半侧下颌骨缺损．设计双延伸肩台拉力螺钉固位方式的下颌骨假体修复，分析4种工况条件下固位方式的应力分布特征。采用SAS6、12软件包进行t检验及方差分析。结果：4种工况条件下，双延伸肩台拉力螺钉固位结构应力完全呈等强度分布（P=0.2997）．平均受力值远低于钛材的许应力值；固位结构周围骨组织所承受的应力分布合理（P=0．9377），与正常松质骨最佳应力值间无统计学差异（P=0.7083）。结论：下颌骨假体双延伸肩台拉力螺钉固位方式应力分布合理，且有利于周围骨组织的改建。     

Accommodative Anomalies in a Sample of Black High School Students in South Africa

Purpose: Accommodative anomalies cause asthenopia and affect student reading efficiency and academic performance. The aim of conducting this study was to determine the prevalence and distribution of accommodative anomalies (insufficiency, excess and infacility) in relation to demographic variables (sex, age, school grade level and study location).

Methods: Study participants comprised 1,211 children (481 male and 730 female), with age range 13-19 years. Visual functions evaluated included refractive error, accommodative amplitude, accuracy, facility and relative accommodation.

Results: A total of 242 participants (20.2%) had accommodative anomalies. Prevalence estimates were; accommodative infacility 12.9% (95% confidence interval, CI, 10.9-14.7%), accommodative insufficiency 4.5% (95% CI 3.4-5.8%) and accommodative excess 2.8% (95% CI 1.9-3.8%). There were no significant differences based on sex, school grade level or study site, except in the prevalence of accommodative infacility, which was significantly higher in the younger grade level than the older (P=0.027).

Conclusion: The study fills a gap in the literature in providing data on predominantly black South African students. The prevalence estimates for accommodative insufficiency and excess found in the sample studied are relatively low, while that of accommodative infacility is high. Accommodative anomalies were not markedly associated with demographic variables except for the prevalence of accommodative infacility, which was significantly higher in the younger grade level than the older. Identification and referral are important steps towards diagnosis and treatment of accommodative anomalies. Future studies on differences in prevalence of accommodative anomalies among different racial populations will be relevant.     

极端气温对淄博市居民非意外死亡和寿命损失年的影响

目的 探讨极端气温对非意外死亡数和早死所致的寿命损失年(YLL)的影响,以期为疾病预防控制以及卫生决策提供科学参考。方法 收集和整理2015至2019年山东省淄博市逐日非意外死亡资料和气象资料,计算逐日YLL,采用分布滞后非线性模型(DLNM)分析极端低温和极端高温[分别定义为研究期间日均气温分布的第2.5(-4.2℃)和97.5百分位数(29.1℃)]对非意外死亡数和YLL的滞后效应,并识别脆弱人群。结果 研究期间,淄博市共报告了144 310例非意外死亡,YLL为1 886 493年。极端低温对非意外死亡的影响具有一定的滞后性,单日和累积滞后效应分别在暴露第4和21天最大[死亡的相对危险度(RR)分别为1.05(95%CI:1.04～1.07)和1.23(95%CI:1.10～1.39);YLL的变化值分别为56.51(95%CI:37.92～75.11)和259.55(95%CI:116.45～402.65)年];极端高温的影响较为短促,单日和累积滞后效应分别在暴露当天和第7天最大[死亡的RR分别为1.19(95%CI:1.15～1.24)和1.45(95%CI:1.34～1.5...     

钢板联合骨折端螺钉固定老年股骨远端骨折的疗效观察

目的 探讨“钢板联合骨折端螺钉”与“单纯钉板系统”固定老年股骨远端骨折的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2017年6月至2021年6月上海市浦东新区人民医院治疗且获随访的40例简单老年股骨远端骨折的患者资料。其中,20例采用“钢板联合骨折端螺钉”固定（联合组）,平均年龄（70.8±5.6）岁,骨密度T值平均-1.91±0.56;20例采用“单纯钉板系统”固定（单纯组）,平均年龄（69.9±6.0）岁,骨密度T值平均-1.88±0.60。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、骨痂形成时间、影像学愈合时间、术后并发症及术后3、6、12个月Neer评分。结果40例患者随访12～36个月,平均（17.3±5.6）个月。联合组患者手术时间明显少于单纯组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组患者术中出血量比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组患者的骨痂形成时间比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;但联合组患者影像学愈合时间明显少于单纯组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。单纯组出现2例骨折畸形愈合,而联合组无此类并发症发生,但两组并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P&g...     

Antioxidant Effect of Herbs and Spices on Copper Mediated Oxidation of Lower and Very Low Density Lipoprotein

AIM:The present study investigates the antioxidant effect of two extracts(hydrolyzed and non-hydrolyzed)of five herbs and eight spices in the prevention of LDL+VLDL oxidation promoted by cupric ion.METHODS:The polyphenolic concentrations of these extracts were measured using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent.The antioxidant quality was analyzed by the determination of lag-time,concentration of polyphenol that will inhibit 50%of oxidation of LDL+VLDL(IC50)and phenol antioxidant index(PAOXI). RESULTS:The hydrolyzed ext...     

慢支患者急性发作期及迁延期心理特点及心理护理

目的：观察慢性支气肺炎不同时期患者的心理特点并探讨心理护理干预措施.方法：120名慢性阻塞性慢性支气管炎患者,按患者临床分期分为急性发作组及迁延组,采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表及抑郁量表分析患者的心理特点,并依据心理变化特点提出护理干预措施.结果：在急性加重期患者HAMA评分高于迁延期患者,HADS评分低于迁延期患者.结论：慢支患者急性发作期以焦虑心理为主,迁延期以抑郁心理为主,在临床护理工作用要针对不同时期的心理特点采取干预措施.     

热带气旋与医院门诊呼吸系统疾病日就诊量的病例交叉研究

目的 探讨2012~2013年浙江省沿海地区热带气旋对医院门诊呼吸系统疾病日就诊量的影响。 方法 使用时间分层的病例交叉研究,控制气象因素的混杂作用,以Poisson回归模型分析浙江省苍南县2012~2013年夏季(7~10月)热带气旋与医院门诊呼吸系统疾病日就诊量的关系,并按性别、年龄进行分层分析。 结果 在热带气旋影响期,全人群、男性和女性的呼吸系统疾病发病风险均上升,分别在滞后第3、4、6天达到最大值。<15岁人群呼吸系统疾病发病风险上升,在滞后第6天达到最大值(RR=1.298, 95%CI:1.016~1.658)。热带气旋对15~65岁人群及>65岁人群的呼吸系统疾病发病影响无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 热带气旋可增加呼吸系统疾病的发病风险且存在滞后效应,<15岁人群为易感人群。