肝尾状叶的外科解剖及其临床应用

在42例成人肝脏标本上，研究了肝尾状叶的形态，动脉、静脉和肝管的分布特征；尾状叶常有3个突起，即尾状突、乳头突和下腔静脉后突，且变异较大；尾状叶有两个恒定的蒂，其结构排列由浅入深分别是门静脉支、肝动脉支和肝管。尾状叶静脉有2～5支，其中以3支居多，主要汇入下腔静脉肝后段的中、下1／3部的左前壁。中结合解剖学研究总结了施行肝尾状叶肿瘤切除术的方法和经验。     

Correlation of electrocorticographic to clinical seizure onset and interhemispheric propagation times in temporal lobe epilepsy

This study was performed to test the hypothesis that, in human temporal lobe epilepsy, electrocorticographic time factors involved in the ictal EEG to clinical ictal transition (electrocorticographic to clinical seizure onset time, ECOT) and the interhemispheric propagation of epileptic activity (interhemispheric propagation time, IHPT), which are independently correlated with temporal lobe epileptogenicity and predictive of seizure-free outcome following temporal lobectomy, are correlated with one another in a quantitative fashion. A series of 37 patients with medically intractable temporal lobe seizures was studied with long-term subdural videoelectroencephalographic monitoring. Temporal lobe seizure interhemispheric propagation time (IHPT) was found to be a negative, exponential function of electrocorticographic to clinical seizure onset time (ECOT) (f(x) = 8.201 × 10^−0.016x, r = 0.347, d.f. = 35, t = 2.19, p < 0.05, where f(x) = IHPT and x = ECOT). A small increase in ECOT was associated with a substantial decrease in IHPT and vice versa. The results suggest the electrophysiological time factor, ECOT, involved in the transition from ictal EEG seizure onset to clinical seizure onset, may determine the speed of interhemispheric propagation of established epileptic activity. The results suggest the interesting hypothesis that, in human temporal lobe epilepsy and, perhaps, under non-pathological circumstances, the human temporal lobe might possess a “time-labeling” function amenable to quantitative analysis.     

The anatomical basis of the osteo-musculo-cutaneous trapezius flap in mandibular reconstruction

The osteo-musculo-cutaneous trapezius flap has seen its indications in mandibular reconstruction reduced since the appearance of micro-anastomotic flaps. However, it may still be useful when the patient has marked atheroma contraindicating a free flap. While the arterial supply of this flap is well known, the same is not true for its venous drainage. The preservation of the accessory nerve and its limits in mandibular reconstruction has been little studied. We carried out a study on 30 subjects (60 cadaveric dissections of trapezius flaps) in order to address these questions. The study has been completed by a surgical series of five patients. The cadaveric study allowed demonstration of the variability of venous drainage of this flap, which depended on the external jugular vein in 80% of cases, the subclavian vein in 12% of cases and on both veins in about 8% of cases. The accessory nerve in one third of cases passed through the middle of the arteriovenous pedicle making its preservation impossible. The segment of the scapular spine allowed reconstruction of about 9 cm of mandible including the mental protuberance in 95% of cases. The surgical study confirmed the data of the cadaveric study and showed the value of this flap when free flaps are contraindicated.     

二维视觉搜索的计算机模拟

视觉搜索的模拟算法考虑两个交互作用的过程:覆盖过程(“看”)和视觉过程(“看见”)。搜索场景包含有靶,假目标和背景噪声;一个视力角模型按一定的搜索策略去覆盖场景。对模拟程序的输入是场景和靶的空间大小,随机分布的靶和假目标的数目。靶探测几率和识别几率均为物体在场景中对比度和物体离视力角中心的距离的函数。本模拟程序的目的是比较系统搜索和随机搜索的性能,验证关于计算最佳视窗宽度的公式,进而鉴别影响靶探测和识别能力的覆盖过程和视觉过程的参数,阐明它们之间的相互作用。     

Neural control of fast-regular saccades and antisaccades: an investigation using positron emission tomography

 Regional cerebral blood flow changes related to the performance of two oculomotor tasks and a central fixation task were compared in ten healthy human subjects. The tasks were: (a) performance of fast-regular saccades; (b) performance of voluntary antisaccades away from a peripheral cue; (c) passive maintenance of central visual fixation in the presence of irrelevant peripheral stimulation. The saccadic task was associated with a relative increase in activity in a number of occipitotemporal areas. Compared with both the fixation and the saccadic task, the performance of antisaccades activated a set of areas including: the superior and inferior parietal lobules, the precentral and prefrontal cortex, the cingulate cortex, and the supplementary motor area. The results of the present study suggest that: (a) compared with self-determined saccadic responses the performance of fast regular, reflexive saccades produces a limited activation of the frontal eye fields; (b) in the antisaccadic task the inferior parietal lobes subserve operations of sensory-motor integration dealing with attentional disengagement from the initial peripheral cue (appearing at an invalid spatial location) and with the recomputation of the antisaccadic vector on the basis of the wrong (e.g., spatially opposite) information provided by the same cue. Received: 20 May 1996 / Accepted: 28 January 1997     

网膜囊上隐窝的CT应用解剖

在42套腹部断面标本及50例整尸上观察到:网膜囊上隐窝呈“V”形间隙围绕肝尾状叶,前界为小网膜及肝左叶,后界是膈,顶由肝冠状韧带或膈形成,下抵胰,左邻食管;在正中矢状面上均出现肝尾状叶,且尾状叶套入或游离于网膜囊上隐窝。这些结果对在 CT 图像上鉴别尾状叶周围的积液及肿块具有重要意义。     

Source Localization of P300 from Oddball, Single Stimulus, and Omitted-Stimulus Paradigms

Three different auditory stimulus paradigms were used to elicit P300 potentials. Normal subjects were tested on the classical rare target stimulus, single-stimulus and omitted-stimulus conditions. Noninvasive identification of the cerebral sources of the event-related potentials (ERPs) was performed using spatio-temporal multiple dipole modeling (BESA software) with individually sized spherical head models. The grand average data of each condition was first independently modeled and these models were used as starting values for modeling each individual subject's data. Models for the rare-stimulus condition and single-stimulus condition both consisted of 6 dipoles. Models for the omitted-stimulus condition consisted of 2 dipoles. The dipole locations of the final individual 6-dipole models for the rare and single-stimulus conditions did not differ significantly from each other or from one previous result obtained from a another group of subjects (Tarkka et al. 1995). Super-imposition of the dipole coordinates on the sterotaxic brain atlas suggests that bilateral deep medial temporal lobe structures are the major contributors to rare and single-stimulus P300s. Because both the wave form morphology and the source model of the P300 elicited by single stimulus were close to those of the rare-stimulus P300 it may be that the underlying neural mechanisms eliciting these P300 potentials are essentially the same.     

The distribution of posterior parietal fibers in the corpus callosum of the rhesus monkey

Summary The distribution of posterior parietal fibers in the corpus callosum of the rhesus monkey was analyzed using autoradiographic techniques. Posterior parietal fibers are located in the posterior half of the body of the corpus callosum. There is some segregation of fibers with respect to their place of origin within the posterior parietal lobe. However, there is also overlap, particularly between fibers coming from the caudal inferior parietal lobule and the medial parietal lobe.Supported by the Veterans Administration, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, Massachusetts and N.I.H. Grants NS 09211 and NS 16841     

Staphylococcus epidermidis protease EcpA can be a deleterious component of the skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis

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The caudate lobe of the liver

Summary The caudate lobe of the liver is an independent segment straddling the right and left lobes of the liver. It is divided into 2 parts, right and left, indicated eternally by the caudate and papillary processes. It is now possible to unvestigate it by ultrasonography and computed tomography, allowing its surgical excision for tumoral disease of the superior biliary confluence.

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Le lobe caudé du foie

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Résumé Le lobe caudé du foie est un secteur indépendant à cheval sur les foies droit et gauche. Il est séparé en 2 parties droites et gauches, marquées extérieurement par les processus caudé et papillaire. Son exploration est actuellement possible (échographie et tomodensitométrie), ce qui autorise son exérèse chirurgicale (pathologie tumorale du confluent biliaire supérieur).