椎弓根内固定联合椎间融合器植骨治疗腰椎滑脱症

目的探讨联合应用椎弓根内固定和椎间融合器植骨融合治疗腰椎滑脱症的方法和临床疗效。方法用后路减压、复位椎弓根内固定联合应用单枚斜向椎间融合器融合或单侧经椎间孔腰椎体间融合器融合治疗有症状的腰椎滑脱症。本组随访21例,时间6～24个月,平均14个月。结果滑脱椎体复位理想,8例Ⅰ度滑脱完全复位,13例Ⅱ度中有7例完全复位,6例仍有Ⅰ度滑脱。融合节段全部获得骨性融合。疗效评价:优14例,良5例,可2例;优良率94%。结论联合应用椎弓根内固定和椎间融合器植骨融合在治疗腰椎滑脱症起到协同作用,为神经减压后的脊柱提供理想的复位和固定的力量,利于植骨融合,临床疗效满意,是治疗腰椎滑脱症的一种理想方法。     

退变性腰椎管狭窄症伴Ⅰ度滑脱的手术治疗

目的观察退变性腰椎管狭窄症伴Ⅰ度滑脱经椎弓根钉系统及腰椎管减压融合内固定术的治疗效果。方法回顾分析退变性腰椎管单平面狭窄症伴Ⅰ度滑脱病例56例，患者平均年龄63．4岁，平均病程51个月。病变节段：L4-5，40例，L5-S1 16例。手术方式采用全椎板减压加植骨融合及椎弓根钉内固定，术后功能采用北美脊柱外科协会的腰椎功能障碍指数（Oswestry Disability Index）评定。结果本组35例获得随访，随访时间8个月～4年，平均随访27个月。术后改善率为优26例、良5例、可3例、差1例，优良率为88．6％。随访过程中3个月内植骨融合者29例（包括5例椎间植骨融合者），6个月内植骨融合4例，出现假关节2例，其中1例发生内固定断裂。结论对退变性腰椎管狭窄症伴Ⅰ度滑脱，采用椎管减压植骨融合内固定术，短期内可保证脊柱融合，达到稳定脊柱、解除症状的目的。     

椎弓根螺钉内固定联合Cage治疗腰椎滑脱症

目的探讨后路椎弓根螺钉内固定联合椎间融合器(Cage)治疗腰椎滑脱症的疗效。方法分析自2000年4月~2003年12月,采用后路椎管及神经根管减压,短节段椎弓根系统固定联合Cage治疗腰椎滑脱症共12例,按M eyer-d ing分度:Ⅰ°滑脱7例,Ⅱ°滑脱4例,Ⅲ°滑脱1例。术后随访2~4.5年,平均3.2年。结果12例患者椎体间骨性融合率1年89%,2.3年达100%,优良率为91.7%。结论采用椎弓根内固定系统结合Cage治疗腰椎滑脱效果良好,二者能够相互协同,相互促进,符合腰椎生物力学的要求,是治疗腰椎滑脱症的有效方法之一。     

缓降解聚酰胺可吸收髓内针治疗成人四肢长骨骨折

目的研究缓降解聚酰胺可吸收髓内针治疗成人四肢长骨骨折的临床应用效果。方法将48例四肢长骨骨折患者设为观察组,采用国产缓降解聚酰胺可吸收髓内针治疗,将同期50例四肢长骨骨折患者设为对照组,采用金属交锁髓内针治疗。术后定期随访,比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、手术并发症、骨折愈合率及肢体功能评价结果。结果两组在手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间差异有统计学意义,观察组明显低于对照组(t=5.466,P=0.000;t=4.199,P=0.001;t=2.214,P=0.034);两组肢体功能评价结果差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.387,P>0.05);观察组未出现术中神经、血管副损伤、骨折不愈合及术后感染等并发症。结论国产缓降解聚酰胺可吸收髓内针治疗成人四肢长骨骨折疗效确切,手术创伤小,安全性高,免除二次手术,具有良好的临床推广和应用价值。     

椎弓根螺钉复位固定加不同的植骨方法 治疗腰椎滑脱的疗效比较

目的探讨不同类型腰椎滑脱的手术治疗方法、疗效及优缺点。方法应用后路椎弓根螺钉加不同的植骨方法共治疗腰椎滑脱患者50例，按植骨方法不同，随机分为A、B、C三组，比较术后疗效、复位率、植骨融合率及复位丢失率等。结果门诊随访6个月～3年，结果显示44例基本上达解剖复位，优37例，良7例，优良率达88．0％，后外侧植骨16例中有6例复位丢失，其中1例发生椎弓根螺钉断裂。结论对于不同类型的腰椎滑脱可采用经椎弓根螺钉复位固定加不同类型的植骨方法，其中以椎间植骨及椎间cage植骨融合率较高，复位无丢失，是一种较好的治疗腰椎滑脱的方法。     

一种新型颈椎椎弓根置钉定位器的研制

介绍一种可三维调节的颈椎椎弓根置钉定位器,该装置作为钻模应用于颈椎椎弓根的钻孔定位,实现个体化置钉。给出了设计原理、使用方法,推导出椎弓根术前影像学数据与定位器钻套调整角的关系,并编制了计算应用软件。进行了功能评价和误差分析。     

带锁滑动鹅头钉治疗粉碎性股骨转子间骨折的临床研究

为了总结分析运用自行研制的带锁滑动鹅头钉治疗粉碎性股骨转子间骨折的疗效,随机将69例Evan'sⅢ型、Ⅳ型的患者分为两组,一组采用自制带锁滑动鹅头钉治疗(观察组);一组采用DHS治疗(对照组).分别对两组患者的一般资料、手术资料及术后功能恢复情况进行评估比较.结果骨折平均愈合时间观察组为3.65±0.97个月,对照组为4.32±1.38个月,两组比较,术后9个月观察组患侧较健侧平均缩短0.82±0.36cm,对照组平均缩短1.08±0.51cm,两组比较差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05).观察组显效率91.1%,对照组显效率71.1%,两组比较,具有非常显著性差异(P＜0.01).提示带锁滑动鹅头钉治疗粉碎性股骨转子间骨折具有防止骨不连及各种畸形愈合.     

应用可吸收螺钉内固定治疗陈旧性腕舟状骨骨折骨不连

腕舟状骨骨折是常见的腕部骨折之一，不稳定腕舟骨骨折治疗后发生骨不连者高达46％～55％。应用可吸收螺钉内固定治疗腕舟骨骨折骨不连报道不多。1998年1月～2003年7月，我们应用可吸收螺钉治疗陈旧性腕舟状骨骨折骨不连13例，疗效满意。     

Atornillado anterior de la odontoides empleando tomografía computarizada de haz cónico intraoperatorio y navegación

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to asses the value of intraoperative cone-beam CT (O-arm) and stereotactic navigation for the insertion of anterior odontoid screws.Materials and methodsthis was a retrospective review of patients receiving surgical treatment for traumatic odontoid fractures during a period of 18 months.Procedures were guided with O-arm assistance in all cases. The screw position was verified with an intraoperative CT scan. Intraoperative and clinical parameters were evaluated. Odontoid fracture fusion was assessed on postoperative CT scans obtained at 3 and 6 months’ follow-upResultsFive patients were included in this series; 4 patients (80%) were male. Mean age was 63.6 years (range 35-83 years). All fractures were acute type ii odontoid fractures. The mean operative time was 116 minutes (range 60-160 minutes). Successful screw placement, judged by intraoperative computed tomography, was attained in all 5 patients (100%). The average preoperative and postoperative times were 8.6 (range 2-22 days) and 4.2 days (range 3-7 days) respectively. No neurological deterioration occurred after surgery. The rate of bone fusion was 80% (4/5).ConclusionAlthough this initial study evaluated a small number of patients, anterior odontoid screw fixation utilizing the O-arm appears to be safe and accurate. This system allows immediate CT imaging in the operating room to verify screw position.     

Does an additional antirotation U-Blade (RC) lag screw improve treatment of AO/OTA 31 A1-3 fractures with gamma 3 nail?

IntroductionPoor bone quality and unstable fractures increase the cut-out rate in implants with gliding lag screws. The U-Blade (RC) lag screw for the Gamma3^® nail was introduced to provide monoaxial rotational stability of the femoral head and neck fragment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the use of the U-Blade (RC) lag screw is associated with reduced cut-out in patients with OTA/AO 31A1-3 fractures.Material & methodsBetween 2009 and 2014, 751 patients with OTA/AO 31A1-3 fractures were treated with a Gamma3^® nail at our institution. Out of this sample 199 patients were treated with U-blade (RC) lag screws. A total of 135 patients (117 female, 18 male) with standard lag screw (treatment group A) were matched equally regarding age (±4 years) sex, fracture type and location to 135 patients with U-blade (RC) lag screw (treatment group B). Within a mean follow up of 9.2 months (range 6–18 months) we assessed the cut-out rate, the calTAD, lag screw migration, the Parker's mobility score and the Parker’s ratio at postoperatively, six and 12 months following surgery. Furthermore we recorded all complications, ASA-Score, hospital stay and duration of surgery retrospectively.ResultsThe most common fracture among group B with a cut-out of the lag screw were AO/OTA 2.3 and 3.2 fractures whereas in group A cut-out was most commonly seen in AO/OTA 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3 fractures, there was no significant reduction of the cut-out rate in group B 2.2% (n = 3) compared to group A 3.7% (n = 5). The duration of surgery was significantly shorter in group A (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in lag screw placement, the Parker’s ratio and mobilization.ConclusionIn our study the U-Blade (RC) lag screw did not reduce the cut-out in treatment of OTA/AO 31A1-3 fractures at all. Considering the longer duration of surgery and the higher costs of the U-Blade (RC) lag screw, our results do not justify its use. However, further prospective randomized studies will be necessary.