玉竹提取物B对肿瘤的抑制作用

目的：玉竹提取物Ｂ（Ｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎ Ｂ ｏｆ ｐｏｌｙ－ｇｏｎａｔｕｍ ｏｄｏｒａｔｕｍ,ＥＢ－ＰＡＯＡ）对肿瘤的抑制作用。方法：检测肿瘤细胞株ＣＥＭ增殖和表面分子表达以及观察对小鼠Ｓ－１８０移植瘤的抑制作用。结果：玉竹提取物Ｂ１０＾－３ｍｌ＾－１（Ｖ／Ｖ,以下同）浓度对ＣＥＭ的增殖有显著的抑制作用,并捉进ＣＥＭ表面分子ＨＬＡ－Ｉ分子、ＣＤ２和ＣＤ３的表达,尤其对ＣＤ２分子的表达作用更为显著     

荷S180小鼠血浆ET、NO水平与瘤重变化及相关研究

目的和方法:复制荷S₁₈₀小鼠模型,采用放射免疫均相竞争法和硝酸还原酶法测定不同病期(荷瘤5d、10d和15d)的小鼠血浆中ET和NO₂^-/NO ₃^-水平,称取瘤重,在观察三者的变化规律基础上,探讨不同病期荷S₁₈₀小鼠血浆ET、NO水平的变化,及其与肿瘤发展的关系。结果:不同病期荷瘤鼠血浆ET、NO₂^-/NO₃^-均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05)。随病期延长,瘤重及NO₂^-/NO₃^-水平逐渐升高(P＜0.05),ET水平也有上升趋势。NO₂^-/NO₃^-水平与瘤重呈正相关(r=0.955,P＜0.05)。NO₂^-/NO₃^-与ET的比值呈先下降后上升的变化。结论:ET、NO与S₁₈₀肉瘤的发生发展有关,二者在肿瘤发展中可能有相互促进作用。     

MicroRNA155 Plays a Critical Role in the Pathogenesis of Cutaneous Leishmania major Infection by Promoting a Th2 Response and Attenuating Dendritic Cell Activity

Interferon (IFN)-γ is indispensable in the resolution of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), while the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 mediate susceptibility. A recent study found that miR155, which promotes CD4⁺ Th1 response and IFN-γ production, is dispensable in the control of Leishmania donovani infection. Here, the role of miR155 in CL caused by L. major was investigated using miR155-deficient (miR155^−/−) mice. Infection was controlled significantly quicker in the miR155^−/− mice than in their wild-type (WT) counterparts, indicating that miR155 contributes to the pathogenesis of CL. Faster resolution of infection in miR155^−/− mice was associated with increased levels of Th1-associated IL-12 and IFN-γ and reduced production of Th2- associated IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13. Concentrations of IFN-γ⁺CD8⁺ T cells and natural killer cells in draining lymph nodes were significantly higher in the L. major−infected miR155^−/− mice than in the infected WT mice, as indicated by flow-cytometry. After in vitro IFN-γ stimulation, nitric oxide and IL-12 production were increased, IL-10 production was decreased, and parasite clearance was enhanced in L. major−infected miR155^−/− DCs compared to those in WT DCs. Furthermore, IFN-γ production from activated miR155^−/− T cells was significantly enhanced in L. major−infected miR155^−/− DCs. Together, these findings demonstrate that miR155 promotes susceptibility to CL caused by L. major by promoting Th2 response and inhibiting DC function.

Leishmania are obligate intracellular protozoans that infect phagocytes and cause a spectrum of clinical diseases such as cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and visceral leishmaniasis. Common in the tropical and subtropical regions, leishmaniasis affects over 1 billion people worldwide, with an incidence of up to 1 million cases per year.¹ CL is the most common type of Leishmania infection, manifesting as localized skin lesions that can become chronic, leading to significant tissue destruction and disfigurement.^2,3 It is well documented that the induction of a Th1 response and interferon (IFN)-γ are indispensable in the resolution of CL caused by Leishmania major,⁴ whereas disease progression is associated with the induction of a Th2 response and the production of cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-10.⁵ Establishing a disease-resolving response in the host is largely dependent on the ability to mount an appropriate Th1 immune response.⁴ Crucial in this response is the stimulation and activation of DCs that direct T-cell proliferation and differentiation toward IFN-γ–producing Th1 cells.^6,7 In addition to activating of phagocytic cells, IFN-γ induces the production of reactive nitrogen species, specifically nitric oxide (NO), leading to enhanced parasite clearance.⁴miR155 is a recognized regulator of immune cell function and immune response. miR155 enhances macrophage and DC activation and induces inflammatory response,^8,9 and up-regulation of miR155 in CD4⁺ T cells promotes preferential Th1 differentiation and IFN-γ production¹⁰ by suppressing the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-1.11, 12, 13, 14 Conversely, miR155 gene–deficient mice exhibit diminished levels of Th1/Th17 cells, macrophages, and DCs.¹⁵ miR155 has also been shown to play a role in regulating effector Th2 response.16, 17, 18 Collectively, these findings suggest that miR155 regulates both Th1 and Th2 responses, which control the outcome of CL caused by L. major. Therefore, the role of miR155 in immunity to L. major using miR155^−/− mice was investigated in the present study. The findings show that miR155 is not required for the induction of a Th1 response and IFN-γ in L. major infection. Rather, miR155 plays a disease-exacerbating role in CL by attenuating DC function and Th1 response and promoting Th2 response.     

荷S_(180)小鼠血浆ET、NO水平与瘤重变化及相关研究

目的和方法 :复制荷S180 小鼠模型 ,采用放射免疫均相竞争法和硝酸还原酶法测定不同病期 (荷瘤 5d、10d和 15d)的小鼠血浆中ET和NO-2 /NO-3 水平 ,称取瘤重 ,在观察三者的变化规律基础上 ,探讨不同病期荷S180 小鼠血浆ET、NO水平的变化 ,及其与肿瘤发展的关系。结果 :不同病期荷瘤鼠血浆ET、NO-2 /NO-3 均显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。随病期延长 ,瘤重及NO-2 /NO-3 水平逐渐升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,ET水平也有上升趋势。NO-2 /NO-3 水平与瘤重呈正相关 (r =0 95 5 ,P <0 0 5 )。NO-2 /NO-3 与ET的比值呈先下降后上升的变化。结论 :ET、NO与S180 肉瘤的发生发展有关 ,二者在肿瘤发展中可能有相互促进作用     

Tissue expander-stimulated lengthening of arteries for the treatment of midaortic syndrome in children

Background

Midaortic syndrome (MAS) is a rare condition characterized by stenosis of the abdominal aorta. Patients with disease refractory to medical management will usually require either endovascular therapy or surgery with use of prosthetic graft material for bypass or patch angioplasty. We report our early experience with a novel approach using a tissue expander (TE) to lengthen the normal native arteries in children with MAS, allowing primary aortic repair without the need for prosthetic graft material.

Heparin inhibits bovine testicular hyaluronidase activity in myocardium of dogs with coronary artery occlusion

Bovine testicular hyaluronidase (BTH) reduces experimental myocardial infarct size and ameliorates electrocardiographic signs of ischemia. This study was done to determine if heparin, an in vitro inhibitor of hyaluronidase activity, blocks the action of BTH in the myocardium of dogs after coronary artery occlusion. BTH was administered intravenously as 5,000 NF units/kg at 0.5 and 2.5 hours after coronary occlusion. Heparin was administered intravenously as a 150-unit/kg loading dose, followed by 10 units/kg per hour i.v., beginning 15 minutes before coronary occlusion. The area of myocardial ischemia at risk was assessed by a radiolabeled microsphere technique; the area that developed necrosis was assessed by a histochemical technique. In vivo activity of BTH was assessed by a colorimetric analysis of the BTH substrate, i.e., hyaluronic acid (HA), extracted from myocardial tissue. For biochemical analysis of HA, the heart was divided into anterior myocardium, which included ischemic tissue and posterior nonischemic myocardium. The myocardial HA content of dogs treated with BTH plus heparin (anterior, 3.44 +/- 0.40 micrograms HA/mg protein; posterior, 3.69 +/- 0.33 micrograms HA/mg protein) was not significantly different from control (anterior, 3.61 +/- 0.29 micrograms HA/mg protein; posterior, 3.55 +/- 0.23 micrograms HA/mg protein). In contrast, BTH lowered myocardial HA content (anterior, 2.16 +/- 0.21 micrograms HA/mg protein; posterior, 2.08 +/- 0.14 micrograms HA/mg protein) compared with either BTH plus heparin or control groups in both anterior myocardium (p = 0.006) and posterior myocardium (p = 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

The effects of caloric restriction or exercise cessation on the serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations of endurance athletes

The interaction of exercise and diet in determining the lipid profiles of endurance athletes is poorly defined. Since active men consume more calories than sedentary individuals, we examined the effects of caloric restriction alone or in combination with exercise cessation on the serum lipid levels of men running 16 km daily. For seven days before each study, subjects consumed diets composed of 15% protein, 32% fat, and 53% carbohydrate. During ten-day experimental periods, one group (n = 10) continued running and consumed the same diet containing 3670 kcal/day, while two other groups consumed an identical diet containing 20% fewer calories and either continued (n = 16) or stopped (n = 15) exercise training. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations decreased 1% to 5% in all groups during the seven-day preliminary diet. Additional reductions in total HDL-C concentrations were similar in the control and exercise cessation groups, but HDL2-C level decreased 15% during exercise cessation. During caloric restriction and continued running, in contrast, HDL-C concentration increased 8% and the HDL2-C subfraction increased 23%. There was little change in levels of apolipoprotein A-I concentrations during any of the protocols, demonstrating that changes in HDL-C are not necessarily attended by changes in the major HDL apoprotein. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level decreased 10% to 15% in all groups during the preliminary period. Only small additional reductions occurred in men who continued running. Exercise cessation, however, was associated with a 10% increase in LDL-C level after only two days of inactivity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Response of reperfusion-salvaged, stunned myocardium to inotropic stimulation

The purpose of this study was to determine whether myocardium salvaged by reperfusion following coronary occlusion could respond to inotropic stimulation by dopamine. Mongrel dogs underwent a 2-hour occlusion of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery, followed by reperfusion for 5 or 28 hours. Dopamine (5 to 10 micrograms/kg/min) or dextrose was administered 1 hour or 24 hours after the onset of reperfusion. Serial, computer-assisted, two-dimensional echocardiographic determination of percentage of systolic wall thickening (%SWT) and cross-sectional ejection fraction (% delta area) were used to evaluate the response to treatment. Myocardium in the region of central ischemia contracted poorly after 1 hour of reperfusion (mean %SWT = 1.3 +/- 13.3% [mean +/- SD] compared to preocclusion value of 43.6 +/- 18.5%, p less than 0.001) and tended to thin at 24 hours of reperfusion (mean %SWT = -6.0 +/- 12.3%, p less than 0.001). After 1 hour of reperfusion, dopamine produced a greater than fourfold improvement in %SWT within the reperfused zone (to 15.3 +/- 7.3%, p less than 0.05). After 24 hours of reperfusion, dopamine again produced an improvement in %SWT (to 5.8 +/- 12.5%, p less than 0.05). There were no significant changes in %SWT with dextrose infusion. Thus, dopamine stimulates the reperfusion-salvaged but noncontracting (stunned) myocardium to contract as early as 1 hour after reperfusion.