重度壳核出血围手术期的护理

<正> 出血量在50mL以上的壳核出血,血肿波及范围广,临床症状重,生命预后差,称之重度壳核出血。我院1995年8月～2000年12月手术治疗高血压壳核出血病人56例,占同期壳该出血的28.6％,疗效满意,现将重度壳核出血围手术     

嗜铬细胞瘤围手术期监护

嗜铬细胞瘤好发于肾上腺髓质．少数亦可发生于交感神经系统的其它部位。由其引起的高血压极富有戏剧性变化，病情变幻莫测，手术切除嗜铬细胞瘤是最有效的治疗方法。但因其疾病的特殊性，手术具有相当的风险。做好围手术期监护是提高手术成功率的关键。我院自1987—2002年以来共收治嗜铬细胞病人53例，现将嗜铬细胞瘤围手术期监护报告如下：     

不同门奇断流术式对门静脉高压症犬食管下段血管再生的影响

Objective To explore the effect on blood vessel regeneration of distal esophagus in ca-nines of portal hypertension with liver cirrhosis after different procedures with paraesophagastrie devascular-ization. Methods Portal hypertension models were produced in canines by subcutaneous injection of 60% CC14 combined with food restriction. Forty eight model canines were randomly divided into 4 groups: group A, traditional paraesophagastrie devascularization;group B, selective paraesophagastric devascularization;group C, paraesophagastric devascularization plus distal esophageal transaction and reanastomosis with sta-pler;group D,control group. Every group had 12 canines which were randomly divided into A1 ,B1 ,C1 ,D1, A2,B2,C2 and D2 groups after the operation. Canines in groups A1 ,B1 ,C1 and D1 were executed at first month after the operation,and those in groups A2, B2, C2 and D2 were executed at the 6th month after the operation. The distal esophagus was segmented when the canines were executed. The upside and downside of the stoma in group C were distinguished and signed as Ca and Cb. Immunohistochemieal methods were used to detect VEGF,CD34 and FVⅧ-Rag,blood vessel-related factors,in lower esophagus. Results The expres-sion levels of VEGF and CD34 MVD,FⅧ-Rag MVD in groups A1 ,B1 and C1 were lower than those in group D1 one month after the operation (P <0.05). All the indices in group B1 were lower than those in groups A1 and Clb,but higher than those in group Cla (P <0.05). The indices in group Cla were lower than those in group C1b (P < 0.05 ). The indices in groups A2 and B2 were higher than those in groups A1 and B1, re-spectively at the 6th month after the operation (P <0.05). They were higer in outer membrane in group C1a than in group C2a (P <0.05). The indices in group C2b were higher than those in group Clb (P<0.05). Conclusion At the first month after operation, the expression of blood vessel-related factors was declined in three different procedures of paraesophagastric devascularization,which indicated that all three different pro-cedures could diminish the vessels in distal esophagus. The effect in group C was most obvious among all groups. At the 6th month after traditional paraesophagastrie devascularization and selective paraesophagastrie devascularization, the expression of blood vessel-related factors in distal esophagus was declined. But there were no significant changes in the expression of blood vessel-related factors in distal esophagus after parae-sophagastric devascularization plus distal esophageal transaction and reanastomosis with stapler. It indicated that the blood vessel regeneration in paraesophagastric devascularization pins distal esophageal transaction and reanastomosis with stapler was inferior to that in other procedures.     

围手术期抗菌药物应用调查分析

目的 了解该院围手术期抗茵药物使用现状。方法 随机抽取2003年6月～7月外科出院手术患者病例422份进行围手术期抗菌药物应用回顾性调查分析。结果 422例手术患者中，405例使用抗茵药物，使用率95．97％；预防性用药305倒，占75．31％，治疗性用药138例，占34．07％，无指征使用抗菌药物的有103例，占25.43％;抗菌药物使用八大类共36种，使用率前三类的是：头孢类，硝基咪唑类，青霉素类。结论 围手术期的用药存在较多的问题．亟待规范和改进。     

门静脉高压症发病机制-侧支循环代偿障碍学说的探讨

门静脉高压症(PHT)目前仍被认为是腹部外科最复杂和难治的疾病之一。并发食管胃底静脉曲张，则可发生致命性的上消化道大出血或因肝硬化终末期导致肝衰竭而死亡，或因脾大脾亢对机体产生损害。二十世纪80年代保脾术的兴起．肝移植的出现，使得当今在PHT外科治疗的认识上观点难以统一，因而出现了手术方法之多、争议之大、疗效不够理想等临床上难以解决的外科难题。     

颌面毁损伤的围麻醉期处理

颌面部血液循环丰富，损伤后骨折、软组织撕裂可导致大量出血，使大部分病人伴有休克及呼吸道不同程度的梗阻，常常危及生命。其麻醉处理有其特殊性。自2000年1月～2006年11月，作者先后对41例颌面毁损伤患者实施麻醉。为总结经验，现做回顾性报告如下。     

严重电烧伤围手术期的心理护理

电烧伤的病人都是由健康状态突然发生意外所致 ,这种突如其来的打击 ,伤情重而复杂。伤后会引起局部及全身的损害 ,并发症多 ,致残率高。病人往往不知所措 ,出现神志恍惚 ,失魂落魄 ,行为紊乱 ,烦躁不安 ;急性期过后 ,病人神志清醒 ,尤其了解自己躯体某功能障碍或丧失、需多次手术或换药时 ,往往难以接受 ,产生一系列不良反应。个别患者不配合治疗 ,易躁易怒 ,成为影响患者康复的障碍。因此做好围手术期的心理护理十分重要。 1995年 1月至 2 0 0 2年 4月 ,我们对 38例严重电烧伤患者行术前及术后心理护理 ,效果满意 ,现报告如下 :1　临床资…     

118例儿童室性期前收缩的临床分析

目的 探讨病理性与非病理性室性期前收缩的心电图特征.方法 对比分析62例病理性室性期前收缩,56例非病理性室性期前收缩的心电图.结果 Ⅰ组室性期前收缩起源于右心室/右束支上部居多.结论 病理性室性期前收缩多起源于右心室/右束支上部,提示此标准可作为儿童病理性室性期前收缩的重要辅助诊断标准.     

新改良式远端脾肾静脉分流术

本文报告一种新的改良式远端脾肾静脉分流术,即脾静脉与左肾静脉侧侧吻合、脾静脉远端结扎,再将胃冠状静脉结扎。作者经治7例,初步观察疗效较好,术后无死亡,无复发出血,无肝性脑病发生。本文对这种手术的步骤和优点进行了讨论和分析。