脊髓损伤的康复治疗体会

我院自1997年6月～2004年9月共收治脊髓损伤病人32例，现就其康复治疗体会报道如下。     

重型颅脑损伤并发多系统器官衰竭12例报告

多系统器官衰竭(Multiple System Organ Failure,MSOF)是指在严重创伤、失血、感染或大手术等应激状态下,机体出现2个或2个以上的器官功能不全以至衰竭的综合病征。颅脑损伤时除中枢神经系统受损外,肺、心、肝、肾和胃肠     

手术治疗创伤性浮膝损伤23例临床分析

浮膝损伤是指同侧肢体的股骨与胫骨骨折引起膝关节的相对漂浮状态，是一种高能量损伤，常见于多发伤患者。我院自1999年10月～2005年2月共手术治疗浮膝损伤23例，报告如下。     

尺神经损伤术后34例随访分析

采用显微外科技术治疗单纯尺神经损伤64例,随访2年以上者34例,优良率达79.4%。作者认为,早期进行准确的神经修复是提高神经恢复优良率的关键。并尽可能同时修复合并的肌腱与尺动脉损伤。畸形严重者宜行相应的功能重建术。     

重度颅脑损伤造成蛛网膜下腔出血1例的术后护理

由于社会的发展与进步，高速公路的建成，汽车、摩托车的增多，使交通事故频频发生，外伤造成的颅脑损伤逐年增长，现浅谈我院收入一名重症颅脑损伤病人的护理体会。     

颅脑损伤80例护理体会

我院收治颅脑损伤患80例，经积极抢救，效果满意。现将护理体会报告如下。     

重型颅脑损伤患者的健康教育

我科2003年4月-2006年6月共收治重型颅脑损伤患者392例，年龄最大79岁，最小3．5岁。通过实施健康教育，指导家属正确有效地配合护理，对减少伤后伤残率、提高患者生存率与生存质量、减少护患纠纷有着重要的意义。     

88例刀损伤患者的院前急救与途中护送

珠江三角洲地区，随着经济的发展，人们的生活越来越丰富多彩，打架、醉酒闹事的人也随之增多，以周末居多，其中刀损伤的患者有上升的趋势。因此，除加强各方面的管理外，一旦发生严重损伤，应争分夺秒地抢救。现将2008年1月～2009年6月，我科出诊抢救88例刀损伤患者护理体会介绍如下。     

重症颅脑损伤手术患者出院后生活质量调查

目的 了解重症颅脑损伤手术患者出院1年后的生活质量,为探讨重症颅脑损伤手术患者持续护理提供依据.方法 选取笔者所在医院神经外科重症颅脑损伤手术患者82例,随机分为亚低温治疗组和常规治疗组,各41例,固定护士2名上门随访.根据ADL生活质量评价表及KPS生活质量评价表进行生活质量调查.结果 62例出院患者1年后的ADL评价及KPS评价与出院时比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),亚低温治疗组与常规治疗组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组患者分别出现不同程度的并发症及意外,但亚低温治疗组发生率稍低于常规治疗组.结论 亚低温能降低重症颅脑损伤患者出院后并发症及意外发生率,对这类患者在出院后给予持续专科护理和康复性指导,可以提高他们的生活质量和自理能力,帮助他们回归社会,减轻家庭和社会负担.     

Influence of moderate hypothermia on cerebral oxygenation in pigs with intracranial hypertension

BACKGROUND: Moderate hypothermia is one of the effective therapeutic methods for head injury in recent years, there are many mechanisms of moderate hypothermia for brain protection, and its influence on cerebral oxygenation is also one of them. OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of moderate hypothermia on cerebral oxygenation of animals with acute intracranial hypertension, and further investigate the protective mechanism of moderate hypothermia. DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital affiliated to the Medical College of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. MATERIALS: Twenty healthy little pigs, either male or female, weighing 4.5–5.5 kg, were used. Neurotrend-typed multiparameter monitoring system (Diametrics Company, British); CMA/100 micro-injection pump (Carnegie Company, Sweden). METHODS: The experiment was conducted in the Changzheng Hospital affiliated to the Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA in November, 2001. The pigs were randomized into two groups: the normothermia group (control group, n =10) and moderate hypothermia group (n =10). ① Bilateral femoral arteries were separated, one was connected to pressometer for monitoring mean arterial pressure (MEP), and the other for analysis of blood gases [including peripheral blood pH value, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), HCO3–]. ② Rectal temperature was monitored with mercurial thermometer. ③ Intracranial pressure was monitored using Camino optic ICP probe placed in the subdural space. ④ Neurotrend multiparameter monitoring sensor was inserted into the white matter for about 4 cm to determine cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP, CPP=MAP(ICP), brain tissue partial oxygen pressure (PO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), HCO3– and brain temperature. The rectal temperature of animals in the moderate hypothermia group was lowered to 34 ℃ using ice bags, and the body temperature was maintained at 33–35 ℃ for 2 hours. The changes of the parameters were observed continuously, and the pigs in the normothermia group were not treated with cooling. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① MAP, ICP, rectal temperature, CCP; Indexes of cerebral oxygenation detected with Neurotrend-typed multiparameter monitoring system; ② Results of blood gases analysis in the moderate hypothermia group. RESULTS: All the 20 pigs were involved in the analysis of results. ① MAP, ICP, rectal temperature, CCP and indexes of cerebral oxygenation: In the moderate hypothermia group, the ICP after cooling was obviously lower than that before cooling [(3.31±1.19), (5.33±0.95) kPa, P < 0.05], CCP was higher, brain tissue PCO2 [(12.03±1.73), (10.59±2.01) kPa, P < 0.05], and brain tissue pH value was higher [(7.03±1.63), (9.40±1.30) kPa, P < 0.05], whereas the brain temperature was decreased as compared with that before cooling [(34.9±0.3), (37.2±0.2) ℃, P < 0.05]. ② Results of blood gases analysis in the moderate hypothermia group: There were no significant differences in the parameters of peripheral arterial blood gases analysis before and after cooling in the moderate hypothermia group (P > 0.05) CONCLUSION: Moderate hypothermia will not impair the cerebral oxygenation, and it can reduce brain tissue CO2 and decrease brain tissue acidosis.