欧洲法院的SPC主张将推进生物制药

如果欧洲法院（EcoJ）同意司法部长Philippe Leger于2005年11月24日提出的主张，那么制药厂商在更改产品剂型时，可以获得附加专利保护资格。     

让爱蔓延

爱生爱，怨生怨，生生不息。通常我们认为只有细菌才具有传染性，但任何事都会传染，无论其好坏。留心观察一下吧，当有人歇斯底里大笑的时候，他会使其周围的人发笑，或者至少使他们微笑；我们还会观察到当有人憎恶他人时，他周围的人就会紧张，并摆出一副自我保护的架势，有些人甚至还会握紧他们的拳头。     

艾滋病高危人群预防知识调查

目的：通过对艾滋病高危人群（卖淫女）预防知识调查，为今后在艾滋病高危人群中开展健康教育提供科学依据。方法：由被调查者匿名自填调查问卷，当场回收后对数据进行处理。结果：调查显示，高危人群中对艾滋病防治知识的正确率为16．00％-74．67％，每月使用安全套的使用率48．00％，主动检测抗HIV者很少，占4．18％，多数人（78．26％）希望获得医务人员帮助。结论：艾滋病高危人群相关危险行为发生率高，必须加强健康教育，以减轻HIV经性传播。     

有创血压在ICU中监测与护理探讨

有创血压监测就是通过压力监测仪直接测量动脉压的方法。它有以下的优点：可及时准确地反应患者动脉血压的动态变化，协助病情分析；间接用于判断血容量、心肌收缩力、周围血管阻力以及心脏压塞等情况；应用于心脏病患者手术以及重症患者能够及时反应病情的发展状态，指导血管活性药物的使用和调节；可随时抽取动脉血行血气分析，避免频繁穿刺给患者带来疼痛或血管壁的损伤。     

该如何保护好您的“救心药”

硝酸甘油对于心脏病患者来说可算是救命药了，查阅硝酸甘油片剂说明书，一般会注明药片的有效期为1年，可在临床实践中，不少医生发现，硝酸甘油片剂药效下降很快，甚至开封后3个月基本就无效了。     

Influence of moderate hypothermia on cerebral oxygenation in pigs with intracranial hypertension

BACKGROUND: Moderate hypothermia is one of the effective therapeutic methods for head injury in recent years, there are many mechanisms of moderate hypothermia for brain protection, and its influence on cerebral oxygenation is also one of them. OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of moderate hypothermia on cerebral oxygenation of animals with acute intracranial hypertension, and further investigate the protective mechanism of moderate hypothermia. DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital affiliated to the Medical College of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. MATERIALS: Twenty healthy little pigs, either male or female, weighing 4.5–5.5 kg, were used. Neurotrend-typed multiparameter monitoring system (Diametrics Company, British); CMA/100 micro-injection pump (Carnegie Company, Sweden). METHODS: The experiment was conducted in the Changzheng Hospital affiliated to the Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA in November, 2001. The pigs were randomized into two groups: the normothermia group (control group, n =10) and moderate hypothermia group (n =10). ① Bilateral femoral arteries were separated, one was connected to pressometer for monitoring mean arterial pressure (MEP), and the other for analysis of blood gases [including peripheral blood pH value, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), HCO3–]. ② Rectal temperature was monitored with mercurial thermometer. ③ Intracranial pressure was monitored using Camino optic ICP probe placed in the subdural space. ④ Neurotrend multiparameter monitoring sensor was inserted into the white matter for about 4 cm to determine cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP, CPP=MAP(ICP), brain tissue partial oxygen pressure (PO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), HCO3– and brain temperature. The rectal temperature of animals in the moderate hypothermia group was lowered to 34 ℃ using ice bags, and the body temperature was maintained at 33–35 ℃ for 2 hours. The changes of the parameters were observed continuously, and the pigs in the normothermia group were not treated with cooling. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① MAP, ICP, rectal temperature, CCP; Indexes of cerebral oxygenation detected with Neurotrend-typed multiparameter monitoring system; ② Results of blood gases analysis in the moderate hypothermia group. RESULTS: All the 20 pigs were involved in the analysis of results. ① MAP, ICP, rectal temperature, CCP and indexes of cerebral oxygenation: In the moderate hypothermia group, the ICP after cooling was obviously lower than that before cooling [(3.31±1.19), (5.33±0.95) kPa, P < 0.05], CCP was higher, brain tissue PCO2 [(12.03±1.73), (10.59±2.01) kPa, P < 0.05], and brain tissue pH value was higher [(7.03±1.63), (9.40±1.30) kPa, P < 0.05], whereas the brain temperature was decreased as compared with that before cooling [(34.9±0.3), (37.2±0.2) ℃, P < 0.05]. ② Results of blood gases analysis in the moderate hypothermia group: There were no significant differences in the parameters of peripheral arterial blood gases analysis before and after cooling in the moderate hypothermia group (P > 0.05) CONCLUSION: Moderate hypothermia will not impair the cerebral oxygenation, and it can reduce brain tissue CO2 and decrease brain tissue acidosis.     

神奇的阴道

正当性医学家们为爱液的成因困惑不解时，日本东京医学院妇产科医生龟田—谦和名古屋大学解剖教授室渡边仲三教授成功地揭开了这个谜。     

芪桂益脉灵对大鼠冠脉结扎诱发心律失常及心肌细胞保护作用的影响

1　材料　动物 :Wistar种大白鼠 ,雌雄不拘 ,2 0 0～ 2 5 0g由黑龙江中医药大学动物实验中心提供。药品试剂 :芪桂益脉灵由黄芪 10 0g、桂枝2 0g、苦参 2 0g、三七 15g、黄连 7 5g、龙齿 2 0g、党参 5 0g、麦冬 15g、五味子 15g、炒枣仁 2 0g 10味中药组成 ,经水煎浓缩 ( 1 2 5g生药 /ml)供实验用。生化指标测定 :SOD、MDA、ATP酶试剂盒 ,购于南京建成生物工程研究所 ,国产。心肌组织凋亡细胞检测 :凋亡位末端检测试剂盒 ,德国宝灵曼公司。光学摄影显微镜 :日本Olympus。2　方法　取大鼠 2 1只 ,随机分为 3组。假手术组 (灌服同体积生…     

艾滋病阴影笼罩下的青少年性行为

大部分人在青春期便开始了性活动。在许多国家，未婚的男孩和女孩在15岁以前就有了性行为。在巴西、匈牙利、肯尼亚最近的调查表明，15至19岁的男孩中超过四分之一的人承认在15岁之前就有了性行为。在孟加拉国的一项研究发现，城市中88％的未婚男孩及35％的未婚女孩在他们18岁时已有了频繁的性行为；在孟加拉国的贫困地区，这一现象在男孩中为38％，女孩为6％。     

急性呼吸窘迫综合征机械通气时压力-容量曲线的应用

急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome，ARDS)是一种临床常见的危重症，以严重低氧血症、肺顺应性降低、肺毛细血管通透性增高等为特征。机械通气作为治疗ARDS的一种重要手段，其重要性是不言而喻的，但由于近年来对机械通气所致肺损伤(ventilator—induced lung injury，VILI)认识的不断加深，使人们注意到在ARDS患者接受机械通气以改善氧合的同时，如何避免VILI的发生成为一个重要的课题。而对压力／容量曲线(pressure／volumecurve，P／V曲线)进行分析，可更好地理解ARDS的病理生理，并为肺保护策略提供依据。