甲氧苄氨嘧啶—PVP共沉淀物的研究

本工作用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究甲氧苄氨嘧啶与PVP溶剂法制备的共沉淀物,表明已不存在甲氧苄氨嘧啶晶体。用x射线衍射法研究了1:12共沉淀物,证明无甲氧苄氨嘧啶的晶体衍射峰。经分光光度法测定结果,1:12共沉淀物比原药的溶解度大28.3倍。     

近红外光谱仪监测窒息新生儿听觉刺激诱发时的脑氧合代谢及脑血流变化

目的了解窒息新生儿在听觉刺激诱发脑神经活动时的脑氧合代谢和脑血流量的改变。 方法1998~2003年北京中日友好医院儿科选择窒息新生儿34例为窒息组，健康新生儿40名为对照组。使用近红外光谱仪，观察听觉刺激试验诱发的脑氧合血红蛋白\[Hb O2\]、还原血红蛋白\[Hb H\]和总血红蛋白\[Hb tot\]浓度的变化，并比较两组脑氧合代谢和脑血流量的改变。根据\[Hb O2\]、\[Hb H\]和\[Hb tot\]不同的变化，将氧合代谢曲线分为A(\[Hb O2\]、\[Hb H\]和\[Hb tot\]均增加)； B(\[Hb O2\]和\[Hb tot\]增加,\[Hb H\]降低)；C(\[Hb O2\]和\[Hb tot\]降低,\[Hb H\]增加)3种曲线类型。 结果窒息组中25例(25/34、73.5%)显示C型变化，对照组中28例(28/40、70.0%)显示A型变化，两组中A、C两型例数比较差异显著(P<0.05)。两组\[Hb O2\]和\[Hb tot\]数值变化幅度比较差异显著(P<0.05)。 结论窒息新生儿听觉刺激诱发相应皮层的神经活动时，显示局部脑血流量下降、氧合代谢降低，重度窒息儿更明显。     

Co-localization of histamine and norepinephrine in sympathetic ganglia and exocytosis of endogenous histamine from cardiac sympathetic nerve endings of macaca mulatto monkey

AIM To provide the evidence about localization, biosynthesis, metabolism and release of histamine from the cardiac sympathetic nerve terminals, and endogenous sympathetic histamine could inhibit itsel frelease from the nerve terminal through the presynaptic histamine H3 receptor. METHODS Using double-labeled immunohistochemistry to observe the co-localization of histamine and NE in the superior cer-vical ganglia (SCG) of macaca mulatto monkey; Different-speed centrifugation to obtain the cardiac sympathetic nerve terminal model (the cardiac synaptosomes), spectrofluorometer and ELISA techniques to detect the release of histamine from the cardiacsynaptosomes. RESULTS ( 1 ) The coexistence of histamine and norepinephrine immunoreactivities was identified in the same neuron within SCG of macaca mulatto monkey. (2) Depolarization of macaca mulatto monkey cardiac synaptosomes with 50 mmol/L potassium caused the release of endogenous histamine,     

血管紧张素Ⅱ在左心室肥厚发病机制中的作用

新近研究发现,左心室肥厚可见于高血压的极早期,甚至少数高血压患者在血压升高前就存在室壁肥厚.这些资料表明左心室肥厚可由独立于血压之外的因素导致.越来越多的证据表明,左心室肥厚和神经体液内分泌因素密切相关.左心室肥厚作为心肌对心肌损伤及心脏超负荷的一种反应,反映了体内生长促进因子[如血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、细胞因子、生长因子、去甲肾上腺素、甲状腺素等]和生长抑制因子(如心钠素、缓激肽、前列腺素及NO等)之间效应的失衡.前者直接调节和促进心肌细胞生长,后者则可扩张血管、减轻心脏负荷、增加胶元降解,对抗AngⅡ等生长促进因子的作用.本文综述AngⅡ在左心室肥厚发病机制中的作用.     

红霉素在小儿肛周护理中的应用

目的 探讨红霉素在小儿肛周护理中的应用。方法 随机将60例肛周护理患儿分为两组,治疗组30例,对照组30 例,治疗组肛周护理局部涂或敷红霉素,对照组采用一般的肛周护理。结果与结论 治疗组的治愈率、显效率及总有效率均高于对照组。     

Influence of moderate hypothermia on cerebral oxygenation in pigs with intracranial hypertension

BACKGROUND: Moderate hypothermia is one of the effective therapeutic methods for head injury in recent years, there are many mechanisms of moderate hypothermia for brain protection, and its influence on cerebral oxygenation is also one of them. OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of moderate hypothermia on cerebral oxygenation of animals with acute intracranial hypertension, and further investigate the protective mechanism of moderate hypothermia. DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital affiliated to the Medical College of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. MATERIALS: Twenty healthy little pigs, either male or female, weighing 4.5–5.5 kg, were used. Neurotrend-typed multiparameter monitoring system (Diametrics Company, British); CMA/100 micro-injection pump (Carnegie Company, Sweden). METHODS: The experiment was conducted in the Changzheng Hospital affiliated to the Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA in November, 2001. The pigs were randomized into two groups: the normothermia group (control group, n =10) and moderate hypothermia group (n =10). ① Bilateral femoral arteries were separated, one was connected to pressometer for monitoring mean arterial pressure (MEP), and the other for analysis of blood gases [including peripheral blood pH value, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), HCO3–]. ② Rectal temperature was monitored with mercurial thermometer. ③ Intracranial pressure was monitored using Camino optic ICP probe placed in the subdural space. ④ Neurotrend multiparameter monitoring sensor was inserted into the white matter for about 4 cm to determine cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP, CPP=MAP(ICP), brain tissue partial oxygen pressure (PO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), HCO3– and brain temperature. The rectal temperature of animals in the moderate hypothermia group was lowered to 34 ℃ using ice bags, and the body temperature was maintained at 33–35 ℃ for 2 hours. The changes of the parameters were observed continuously, and the pigs in the normothermia group were not treated with cooling. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① MAP, ICP, rectal temperature, CCP; Indexes of cerebral oxygenation detected with Neurotrend-typed multiparameter monitoring system; ② Results of blood gases analysis in the moderate hypothermia group. RESULTS: All the 20 pigs were involved in the analysis of results. ① MAP, ICP, rectal temperature, CCP and indexes of cerebral oxygenation: In the moderate hypothermia group, the ICP after cooling was obviously lower than that before cooling [(3.31±1.19), (5.33±0.95) kPa, P < 0.05], CCP was higher, brain tissue PCO2 [(12.03±1.73), (10.59±2.01) kPa, P < 0.05], and brain tissue pH value was higher [(7.03±1.63), (9.40±1.30) kPa, P < 0.05], whereas the brain temperature was decreased as compared with that before cooling [(34.9±0.3), (37.2±0.2) ℃, P < 0.05]. ② Results of blood gases analysis in the moderate hypothermia group: There were no significant differences in the parameters of peripheral arterial blood gases analysis before and after cooling in the moderate hypothermia group (P > 0.05) CONCLUSION: Moderate hypothermia will not impair the cerebral oxygenation, and it can reduce brain tissue CO2 and decrease brain tissue acidosis.     

抽动障碍中医证型与血清单胺类物质的相关性研究

目的 观察抽动障碍不同中医证型患者血清多巴胺、去甲肾上腺素等单胺类神经递质的水平,并探讨各证型之间血清神经递质的水平是否存在差别.方法 采用化学荧光法测定46例抽动障碍患者(病例组)血清多巴胺、去甲肾上腺素水平,并与40例正常儿童(对照组)进行比较.结果 病例组血清多巴胺为0.449μg/ml,对照组为0.210μg/ml;病例组血清去甲肾上腺素为0.227μg/ml,对照组为0.127μg/ml,两组各均值比较,病例组血清多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素均显著高于对照组.病例组外风侵袭、肝风内动型,或兼气郁化火型,或兼脾虚痰聚型,或兼阴虚风动型血清多巴胺水平分别为0.316、0.400、0.235、0.247μg/ml,四者比较有显著性差异;病例组符证型血清去甲.肾上腺素水平分别为0.203、0.224、0.144、0.154μg/ml,四者比较差异有显著性.结论 抽动障碍患者存在多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素水平异常,且各证型血清多巴胺、去甲肾上腺素水平有明显差异,而尤其以外风侵袭、肝风内动兼气郁化火型水平最高.     

去甲肾上腺素对原位肝移植术中患者心肌酶的影响

目的 探讨去甲肾上腺素对原位肝移植术中患者心肌酶的影响。方法 选择行非转流经典原位肝移植术患者40例，随机分为去甲肾上腺素组（N组）和多巴胺组（D组，对照组）。N组术中静脉输注去甲肾上腺素，D组术中静脉输注多巴胺；调整去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺的输注速率，维持术中平均动脉压(MAP)＞8.0 kPa。分别于切皮前、切皮后60 min、无肝期30 min、新肝期60 min及240 min时测定血流动力学和心肌酶指标。 结果 两组间各时点血流动力学指标比较差异无显著性（P>0.05）。两组间各时点血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶(α-HBDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)及肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)；切皮前及切皮后60 min时两组各心肌酶值均在正常范围内，其他时点均超过正常范围；与切皮前及切皮后60 min时相比，两组新肝期60，240，min时各心肌酶均显著升高(P<0.05)；两组各时点各心肌酶水平与去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺的使用剂量无明显相关性(P>0.05)。结论 晚期肝硬化患者行肝移植术中静脉输注去甲肾上腺素对患者心肌酶无不利影响；但新肝再灌注早期心肌细胞损伤严重，术中应加强心肌保护。