消化道炎性纤维瘤样息肉（附6例报告）

对6例消化道炎性纤维瘤样息肉进行了光镜、免疫组化及电镜观察,指出该病系发生于胃肠道粘膜及粘膜下的以局部炎症及纤维组织增生为特征的炎性假瘤,本文使用的名称更好地反映了该病的本质和形态特点,其临床症状因息肉的大小及部位而异,本组3例均因该病导致的急性梗阻而紧急手术,术中病理诊断可避免过大的手术和不必要的处置。     

食管动力和反流事件在声带息肉发病机制中的意义

目的 探讨咽喉反流和胃食管反流与声带息肉发病的关系.方法 2011年10月至2012年5月期间就诊于南方医院的声带息肉患者32例,采用36通道ManoScan360TM固态高分辨率食管测压系统(high-resolution esophageal manometry)和Zephr多通道腔内阻抗-pH监测(multichannel intralumminal impedance combined with pH-metry,MII-pH)便携系统进行监测,观察食管上、下括约肌压力、食管动力分段特点及咽喉反流、胃食管反流事件及反流物性质,并与16例健康成人对照组比较.结果 声带息肉组较对照组平均食管上括约肌松弛持续时间、松弛恢复时间、食管下括约肌长度均缩短,食团内压最大平均值增加,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为2.244、2.624、2.310和-2.397,P值均＜0.05).声带息肉组咽喉反流发生率为40.6％ (13/32),胃食管反流发生率为50.0％(16/32).声带息肉组与对照组咽喉酸反流次数中位数(M[P25;P75])分别为0.5[0.0;3.5]和0.0[0.0;0.0]次,酸反流时间分别为0.1[0.0;1.7]和0.0[0.0;0.0]min,酸清除时间分别为3.5[0.0;53.5]和0.0[0.0;0.0]s,DeMeester评分分别为14.8[1.6;31.3]和1.8[1.1;4.1]分,总计液体反流次数分别为46.5[25.3;69.0]和32.5[20.0;36.3]次.声带息肉组咽喉酸反流次数、酸反流时间、酸清除时间、DeMeester评分及总液体反流次数均较对照组增加,差异均有统计学意义(z值分别为2.481、2.767、2.767,2.344及1.980,P值均＜0.05).结论 声带息肉部分患者存在食管上、下括约结构与功能障碍,存在咽喉反流和胃食管反流,反流事件以立位酸反流为主.     

氩离子凝固术治疗不同病理类型结直肠息肉的疗效观察

目的：氩离子凝固术（Argon-plasma coagulation，APC）可以有效地治疗结直肠息肉，对不同病理类型息肉的疗效是否存在差异，目前尚不清楚。本文比较APC治疗不同病理类型结直肠息肉的效果。方法：对62例结直肠息肉患者共112枚结肠息肉行APC治疗，其中17例亚蒂和74例扁平息肉仅用APC治疗；21例有蒂息肉电切治疗后用APC处理息肉残基，治疗结束后1个月进行结肠镜随访。结果：112枚结直肠息肉经一次APC治疗均成功清除，随访期间共有4例（6．5％）患者出现复发，均为直肠腺瘤性息肉，经再次APC治疗后彻底清除。单纯APC治疗组复发3枚（3．3％）；电切后用APC处理残端组术后复发1枚（4．7％），两组间复发率无显著差别（P〉0．05），腺瘤性息肉的复发率显著高于其他两种病理类型（P〈0．05）。1例直肠有蒂息肉经圈套器切除后APC处理残端时出现黏膜下气肿，3例患者出现了短暂的腹痛，未经处理缓解，其余患者无特殊并发症。结论：APC是一种安全有效的结直肠息肉治疗方法，但对腺瘤性息肉APC治疗后应加强随访，以确保治疗成功。     

鼻息肉中活化糖皮质激素受体的定量分析

目的测量鼻息肉（nasal polyps,NP）组织细胞核中活化的糖皮质激素受体（glucocorticoid receptor,GR）蛋白水平。方法应用ELlSA方法定量测定NP组织细胞核内活化的GR的蛋白水平。NP组织从不并发支气管哮喘和并发支气管哮喘的（chronic rhinosinusitis,CRS）伴NP患者中取得。在后者,NP组织在（glucocorticoid,Glu）治疗前和治疗后分次取得。结果不并发支气管哮喘和并发支气管哮喘Glu治疗前的CRS伴NP患者中,活化GR蛋白水平没有显著性差异。Glu治疗后,GIu蛋白水平较治疗前显著增高。结论Glu上调NP组织细胞核内活化的GR蛋白水平,这对于发挥Glu的抗炎作用至关重要。     

鼻内糖皮质激素对鼻息肉中Foxp3+调节性T细胞的影响

目的探讨叉头状转录因子p3+(Foxp3+)调节性T细胞(T regulatory cells,Treg)在鼻息肉发病中的作用和鼻内糖皮质激素治疗对其的影响。方法采用免疫组织化学、免疫荧光双重标记和Western blot技术检测14例慢性鼻及鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉患者和10例正常对照鼻黏膜组织中Foxp3的表达和Foxp3+Treg细胞的浸润情况,并与糠酸莫米松喷鼻1个月后的鼻息肉组织进行比较。结果正常鼻黏膜组织和糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂治疗前、后鼻息肉组织中Foxp3+细胞数分别为(125±35)、(41±15.4)、(144±33)个/mm2(P<0.05);Foxp3+CD4+细胞数分别为(115±22)、(37±11)、(133±17)个/mm(P<0.05);Foxp3蛋白的相对表达量分别为0.44±0.15、0.25±0.11、0.67±0.24(P<0.05)。结论Foxp3+Treg细胞在鼻息肉组织中数量减少可能与鼻息肉的发病机制有关,鼻内糖皮质激素可显著增加鼻息肉中的Foxp3+Treg细胞。     

β-连环蛋白在胃腺瘤和胃癌中的表达及其意义

β-连环蛋白（eatenin）是Wnt信号转导途径异常激活的关键环节，多种肿瘤的发生、发展与B．连环蛋白异常表达密切相关。目的：观察β-连环蛋白在正常胃黏膜、胃腺瘤和胃癌组织中的表达，探讨其在胃癌发生、发展中的作用。方法：取得经胃镜活检病理检查证实的78例不同胃组织标本，包括24例正常胃黏膜、24例胃腺瘤性息肉（胃腺瘤，14例为低级别上皮内瘤变，10例为高级别上皮内瘤变）和30例胃腺癌组织，以免疫组化ABC法检测标本中β-连环蛋白的表达。结果：β-连环蛋白在正常胃黏膜和低级别上皮内瘤变胃腺瘤组织中为细胞膜表达，在高级别上皮内瘤变胃腺瘤和胃腺癌组织中呈细胞质／细胞核异位表达。胃腺癌组织中β-连环蛋白的异常表达率显著高于胃腺瘤组织（100％对41．7％，P〈0．05），膜表达缺失者占76．7％（23／30）。结论：β-连环蛋白异常表达与胃癌的发生、发展密切相关，可能是胃癌发生的早期事件。     

ER-β expression in large bowel adenomas: Implications in colon carcinogenesis

BACKGROUND: A pivotal role of oestrogen receptor-beta has been suggested in colon carcinogenesis in humans. However, few data are available on oestrogen receptor-beta in colorectal pre-cancerous lesions. AIM: In the present study, we evaluated oestrogen receptor-beta expression and its possible correlation with proliferative activity and apoptosis in colorectal adenomas and normal colon tissue. PATIENTS/METHODS: Adenomatous tissue from 25 patients with colonic polyps, and normal tissue from 25 controls were used. Oestrogen receptor-beta expression, colonocyte proliferation (expressed as PCNA positivity) and apoptosis were evaluated. RESULTS: In adenomatous tissue, a significant reduction of oestrogen receptor-beta was observed compared to normal mucosa (10.1+/-5.5% vs. 44.2+/-13.7; p<0.03), while the expression of oestrogen receptor-alpha remained unvaried. Cell proliferative activity significantly increased in adenomatous tissue compared to normal mucosa (59.3+/-7.1 vs. 18.5+/-8.8; p<0.0001), doubling the PCNA/apoptosis ratio. An inverse correlation was found between oestrogen receptor-beta and PCNA expression in adenomas (r=-0.81), a datum confirmed by confocal microscopy evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate, for the first time, a significant reduction of oestrogen receptor-beta expression already in the pre-cancerous phase of colon carcinogenesis. This suggests a role of selective oestrogen receptor-beta agonists in the prevention of colorectal cancer.     

Narrow-band imaging optical chromocolonoscopy： Advantages and limitations

Narrow-band imaging （NBI） is an innovative optical technology that modifies the center wavelength and bandwidth of an endoscope＇s light into narrow-band illumination of 415 ：1： 30 nm. NBI markedly improves capillary pattern contrast and is an in vivo method for visualizing microvessel morphological changes in superficial neoplastic lesions. The scientific basis for NBI is that short wavelength light falls within the hemoglobin absorption band, thereby facilitating clearer visualization of vascular structures. Several studies have reported advantages and limitations of NBI colonoscopy in the colorectum. One difficulty in evaluating results, however, has been nonstandardization of NBI systems （Sequential and nonsequential）. Utilization of NBI technology has been increasing worldwide, but accurate pit pattern analysis and sufficient skill in magnifying colonoscopy are basic fundamentals required for proficiency in NBI diagnosis of colorectal lesions. Modern optical technology without proper image interpretation wastes resources, confuses untrained endoscopists and delays interinstitutional validation studies. Training in the principles of ＂optical image-enhanced endoscopy＂ is needed to close the gap between technological advancements and their clinical usefulness. Currently available evidence indicates that NBI constitutes an effective and reliable alternative to chromocolonoscopy for in vivo visualization of vascular structures, but further study assessing reproducibility and effectiveness in the colorectum is ongoing at various medical centers.