原子吸收光谱法测定糖尿病患者血清锌、镁、钙含量的研究

采用原子吸收光谱法测定了30例糖尿病患者血清锌、镁、钙的含量,并与30例正常人相比较。结果表明,其锌和镁较正常人为低(P<0.05),但钙与正常人无显著性差别。另外,本文还对锌、镁与糖尿病的关系进行了探讨。     

催化光度法测定灵芝中微量锌

目的　研究催化光度法测定灵芝中微量锌。　方法　在非离子表面活性剂 Tween- 80存在下 ,于 p H9.5 0 NH3- NH4 Cl缓冲溶液中 ,Hg( )催化加速 Zn( )与 meso- 4 (4 -甲基 ,3-磺基苯基 )卟啉 (TTPS4 )的显色反应。　结果　 Zn( )与 TTPS4 、Tween- 80形成很稳定的三元配合物 ,其ε=3.86× 10 5,Zn( )浓度在 0 .0 0 5～ 0 .10μg/ m L,符合比尔定律 ,检出限为 0 .0 0 1μg/ m L。　结论　 Tween- 80对 Zn( )与 TTPS4 显色有增敏 ,而 Hg( )催化加速 Zn( )与 TTPS4 显色反应 ,应用本法可直接测定灵芝中的微量锌     

Decreased serum levels of nutritional biochemical indices in healthy children with marginally delayed physical growth

Biochemical markers of nutritional status (albumin, transthyretin, insulin-like growth factor-I and zinc) were measured in slowly growing two- to five-year-old, low-income Parisian children whose weight-for-height or height-for-age z scores (WHZ or HAZ) were between — 1 and — 2 SD of the NCHS median. The results were compared to controls who were matched for age, sex, and ethnic origin with WHZ and HAZ between — 1 and + 2 SD. Mean serum levels of transthyretin, albumin and insulin-like growth factor-I and mean plasma zinc concentrations were significantly lower in the growth-impaired children than in the controls ( p = 0.002, p = 0.006, p = 0.015, and p = 0.035, respectively). While the height-retarded children had low mean serum insulin-like growth factor-I values, the weight-retarded subjects had decreased levels of albumin, transthyretin and zinc when compared to controls. Lower mean levels of nutritional markers in healthy, slowly growing children suggest that inadequate dietary intakes of zinc, protein and/or energy may result in marginal delays in weight and height gains.     

线性变温法研究硫酸链霉素粉针剂的稳定性

用线性变温法对硫酸链霉素粉针的稳定性进行了测定,得出25℃时的降解反应速度常数 k_(25)为1.744×10~(-6)h~(-1)、化学反应的表观活化能为107.9kJ/mol,25℃时贮存的 t_(0.9)为6.9年。     

Morphine-3-glucuronide: hyperglycemic and neuroendocrine potentiating effects

The greater potency of morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) as well as the inactivity of morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) with respect to the antinociceptive effects of the parent molecule, morphine (MOR), have been well established. It has been suggested that M3G is an antagonist of MOR's antinociceptive and respiratory depressive effects. The present study addressed the central nervous system (CNS) interaction of these opiate metabolites on their metabolic and hormonal effects. Whole body glucose kinetics were assessed on conscious, chronically catheterized, unrestrained rats. M3G (5 μg) or H₂O (5 μl) was injected intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) 15 min prior to the bolus administration of H₂O (5 μl), M6G (1 μg), or MOR (80 μg). i.c.v. M3G (5 μg) resulted in behavioral excitation, hyperglycemia (+50%), stimulation of glucose rate of appearance (R_a; +100%), glucose rate of disappeaance (R_d; +70%), and metabolic clearance rate (MCR; +33%) within 30 min after injection with no alterations in hormone concentrations. i.c.v. M6G and MOR produced progressive hyperglycemia with significantly high catecholamine and corticosterone levels. M3G pretreatment resulted in enhanced elevations in plasma glucose levels (+52% and +18%), plasma lactate (+138% and +108%), norepinephrine (+96% and +30%), and epinephrine (+62% and +67%) in response to both i.c.v. MOR and M6G administration. These findings suggest a non-opiate and non-hormonal mechanism for M3G-induced hyperglycemia. In contrast, the metabolic and hormonal responses to i.c.v. M6G and MOR are associated with elevations in catecholamine and corticosterone levels, which are remarkably enhanced by M3G pretreatment, most likely through accelerated catecholamine release. Our findings suggest a modulatory role for MOR glucuronidation, not only by rendering it inactive, as in the case of M3G, but by an interplay of the metabolic effects of the parent molecule and its metabolite     

Patch testing with beryllium alloy samples in guinea pigs

An experimental study was conducted in guinea pigs for the predictive assessment of the beryllium alloy hazard in occupational exposure of the skin to beryllium compounds. Guinea pigs were sensitized to beryllium sulfate according to the maximized Magnusson and Kligman test, and challenged with beryllium alloys and metallic copper, beryllium and aluminum samples. Results showed a delayed skin hypersensitivity reaction in 30 to 60% of pre-sensitized guinea pigs challenged with copper-beryllium alloys and aluminum-beryllium alloy. An inflammatory follicular reaction was induced by copper in both controls and pre-sensitized guinea pigs.     

Colonic Drug Delivery: Enhanced Release of Indomethacin from Cross-Linked Chondroitin Matrix in Rat Cecal Content

Pharmaceutical Research -     

硫酸镁联合亚低温治疗对大鼠局灶性脑缺血的保护作用

目的　探讨硫酸镁对SD大鼠局灶性脑缺血损伤的保护作用。方法　将 4 0只大鼠随机分成模型对照组、硫酸镁治疗组、亚低温治疗组、硫酸镁联合亚低温治疗组。采用线栓法建立大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型。通过计算大鼠神经功能缺陷评分 ,测量脑梗死体积 ,观察神经元超微结构改变 ,评定硫酸镁联合亚低温治疗作用。结果各治疗组大鼠神经功能评分及脑梗死体积均显著低于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,联合治疗组大鼠明显低于对照组 (P<0 0 1) ;联合治疗组神经元超微结构改变轻微。结论　硫酸镁联合亚低温治疗对大鼠局灶脑缺血有明显保护作用     

吡哌酸锌对小鼠烫伤感染的体表保护作用

目的观察吡哌酸锌软膏对烫伤后常见的感染菌绿脓肝菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的保护作用，并与阳性对照药磺胺嘧啶银霜、磺胺嘧啶锌软膏进行对比。方法取18～22克小鼠，在麻醉下将其尾部造成烫伤，然后再分别将其尾部没入绿脓肝菌和金黄色葡萄球菌液内，使其感染，尾部套上塑料管，将不同浓度的吡哌酸锌，磺胺嘧啶锌软膏及磺胺嘧啶银霜注入管内，封闭，连续观察14d内小鼠死亡现象拼进行显著性检验；结果综合计算法计算各药ED50为：（1）金黄色葡萄球菌，吡哌酸锌软膏ED50=69．84±18．27mg·kg－1，磺胺嘧啶银霜ED50=73．49±19．98mg·kg。（2）绿脓杆菌，吡哌酸锌软ED50=58．16±15.22mg·kg－1，磺胺嘧啶银霜ED50=80．1±2.24mg·kg－1。磺胺嘧啶锌软膏浓度低于0．4％即有明显抗菌作用。结论吡哌酸锋软膏、磺胺嘧啶银霜、磺胺嘧啶软膏均有明显抗菌作用，前两者相比没有显著差异，但吡哌酸锌软膏的抗菌作用比磺胺胺嘧啶锌强。