Cardiovascular malformations, work attendance, and occupational exposures during pregnancy in Finland

To explore for associations between occupational factors and cardiovascular malformations, information on the parents of 160 infants with cardiovascular malformations and 160 control parents was studied. The case infants had been reported consecutively to the Finnish Register of Congenital Malformations. All mothers were interviewed identically after delivery, using both open and pro forma questions about detailed work tasks, exposures, and leisure activities during pregnancy. The interview information was evaluated blindly. Neither parental occupational titles nor maternal working per se gave new clues to the teratogenic risk; nor did shift working, wearing of personal protective equipment, or the mother's own opinion on exposures during pregnancy. Identified occupational exposures, as categorized by an industrial hygienist, showed no remarkable associations to cardiovascular malformations. Few mothers were exposed substantially to specific occupational hazards. Comparing mothers who used medications in the first trimester with those who did not showed an odds ratio of 2.2 (95% confidence interval 1.3-3.9) when adjusted for potential confounding by multivariate logistic methods.     

实施绩效考核的实践和体会

介绍绍兴市人民医院实施绩效考核的经验和体会.其经验在于:明确考核定位,把考核的首要目的定位于医院管理目标的实现和对管理过程的一种控制;运作方式是:制定考核标准、确立考核周期、明确考核部门及人员,使绩效考核真正落到了实处,收到了显著效果.     

A Review of Staffing in Childcare Centres in Six Countries

A review of the international literature on staffing in childcare centres in five English language countries and Denmark reveals both remarkable similarities and interesting differences in the childcare workforce. The paper compares characteristics of the workforce; their training and professional membership. It also compares conditions of work in each country, including salaries, staff benefits, and features of the working environment such as job satisfaction and staff turnover. Findings indicate that childcare workers tend to be young and female; that a relatively high proportion of untrained staff work in childcare centres; that, except in Denmark, the level of extrinsic benefits is startlingly low. Workers are paid relatively little compared to the average pay for women in their countries but the workforce does not benefit from enhanced conditions of work to compensate for low pay. However, the level of intrinsic satisfaction with the work is high. Caring for children is a satisfying form of employment, even if it offers a limited career structure.     

Shoulder strain in keyboard workers and its alleviation by arm supports

Summary Keyboard work consists mostly of dynamic contractions of the small muscles of the forearms and hands. This is accompanied by continuous activity in the arm, shoulder and neck muscles keeping the head and hand in the correct position. Eliminating the weight from the arm by means of support and the position of the arms influences the electrical activity of shoulder muscles when working at a keyboard. We studied the influence of elbow angle, as well as that of different arm supports, on electrical activity of upper trapezius muscle during keyboard work in healthy workers and persons suffering from shoulder pains. The measurements were carried out in the laboratory. EMG activities, which where measured as mean square root (RMS)-values at every 100-millisecond period in trapezius muscle when working, were lower, the greater the elbow angle. Furthermore electrical activity decreased when subjects used arm supports while working. It is evident that the static load to shoulder muscles can be lowered significantly in keyboard work, when the forearms are at an angle of at least 100 degrees and by using arm supports. The most convienient and ergonomic working position can also be found individually be the method used here.     

以市场需求为导向探索"宽口径大基础后分流"医学教育模式

在分析了我国医学教育现状的基础上 ,结合浙江省社会经济发展和医学教育的实际 ,提出医学教育必须以市场需求为导向 ,积极探索“宽口径、大基础、后分流”医学教育新模式 ,并从理论的高度 ,结合本校创办卫生管理专业的初步实践经验 ,分析了这种医学教育模式的特点和优点     

大学生应对方式研究

介绍了大学生应对方式研究现状．重点阐述了大学生常用的应对方式、影响因素及应对方式对大学生心理健康的影响。     

中医医院内部审核的策划与实施

通过对所在中医医院ISO9001族质量管理体系实施过程中历次内部审核的总结,探索既符合中医医院实际工作又满足标准要求的内部审核模式,形成科学化的内审流程。     

间餐与中学生脑力工作能力关系研究

为阐明课间加餐对中学生上午学习能力的影响，采用剂量作业试验，通过自身前后对比，分析了间餐与脑力工作能力的关系，结果表明间餐不仅加快了脑力工作速度，控制了末节课的错误率，而且较有效地降低了显著疲劳发生率，经ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ逐步回归分析，显示间餐及高质量早餐均为阻遏疲劳发生之保护因子。     

我国医疗保障制度改革中医院配套改革措施探讨

论述了医疗保障制度改革给医院带来的机遇与挑战,认为医院应采取调整结构,转换运行机制;完善补偿机制;加大宏观调控力度,制订和实施区域卫生规划等配套措施,来适应医疗保障制度的改革。     

大白鼠游泳输出功测定仪的研制和疲劳方程Y＝A＋B／T的建立

研制了可以直接连续测量大鼠游泳输出功率的仪器，建立了一个理想的动物模型，通过分析对功率曲线进行函数拟合，得出了代表疲劳发生、作功能力下降的双曲线方程，通过分析衰竭时间和功、功率等参数的关系提出了衰竭阈概念。