CT对眼球异物的诊断及定位

本文比较了11例眼球异物CT与X线影像，并经手术摘出异物证实，CT眼球异物检出及定位准确性均优于X线，尤其对球壁异物的定位，而且能显示断层眼球壁轮廓，具有直观效果，CT异物影像比异物明显扩大，应警惕CT伪影可能使球壁异物定位发生误差，CT目前尚不能完全取代眼球异物常规X线检查。     

The assessment of in vitro modulation of milk fat globule membrane expression by human breast carcinomas

Although knowledge of functional differentiation and tumour-associated changes of breast carcinomas can be gained by the application of antibodies directed against the milk fat globule membrane, more significant information may be obtained by assessment of the potential of breast carcinomas to modulate their antigenic phenotype. In this study, the extend to which primary tumours can undergo modulation in vitro has been investigated, with consideration of the suitability of organ culture in combination with the immunohistochemical detection of two milk fat globule membrane epitopes, HMFG1 and HMFG2, as methods for detecting this. The preservation of three of the 30 carcinomas assessed, all poorly differentiated, was poor after 3 days of culture. The viability of the other 27 was variable, and was greater in the better differentiated tumours and with the addition of insulin. Expression of the milk fat globule membrane epitopes was generally well maintained. Six of the carcinomas showed a significant change in antigen expression, with this being more frequent in tissues incubated with insulin. Hence, a small group of carcinomas have been identified which appear to have a greater capacity to undergo functional differentiation. Organ culture is considered to be a suitable method for maintaining the tissues in vitro for such evaluation, but the problems encountered in quantifying the immunohistochemical staining, because of antigenic heterogeneity, were such that it is suggested that other approaches be employed.     

Cranioplasty with an autoclaved bone flap,with special reference to tumour infiltration of the flap

Summary The results of a total of 25 cranioplasties are reported. In 10 patients, a reinforced acrylic prosthesis was utilized. In the remaining 15 cases, the patient's own autoclaved bone flap was re-implanted. Six of these bone flaps were autoclaved to kill tumour cells, and was re-implanted during the same surgical procedure. In the remaining 9 patients, the flaps were removed to allow brain swelling, preserved in a freezer and re-implanted several months later. All the prostheses and re-implanted flaps were accepted by the patients without complications such as infections or resorption, and with cosmetically satisfying results. The tumour infiltrated flaps remained tumour free for the entire period of observation.     

有抑郁症史者想象力的研究

实验组为45名缓解的内源性抑郁症患(男25例,女20例)。对照组为15名缓解的双相障碍患者(男8例,女7例),71名正常人(男41例,女30例)。利用作者建立的想象结局法发现:实验组想象力总分显著低于正常人组,特别是当涉及不愉快事件的测题时,单项分亦显著低于正常人。双相障碍组总分亦显著低于正常人。实验组有关性内容的比率得分显著低于正常人。     

尼氏小体染色方法的改进及其在神经病理学研究中的应用

组织或细胞的染色在病理学诊断、科学研究和教学工作中,都具有非常重要的意义和使用价值。组织切片染色的质量好坏对于医学诊断,科研和教学至关重要。为了更好的研究神经组织,使医学诊断、科研和教学工作更为方便,本文对Toluidine Blue(甲苯胺蓝)染色方法做了一些改进。在传统的甲苯胺蓝染色过程中,仅考虑对细胞核和尼氏小体进行染色,未考虑细胞浆和其他细胞器:而改进后的甲苯胺蓝染色方法在甲苯股蓝染色后用伊红再染色,既考虑对细胞核和尼氏小体进行染色,也对细胞浆进行了染色。结果显示传统的Toluidine Blue染色结果光镜下观察,细胞核和尼氏小体都可见,即尼氏小体为深蓝色,细胞核为蓝色,染色背景为淡蓝色;改进后的染色结果光镜下观察,尼氏小体为紫蓝色,细胞核为蓝色,染色背景为粉红色。可见,改进后的染色方法染出的组织切片比传统的要清晰、美观。随着科学技术的飞速发展,病理学的研究也随之发展,病理技术势必进一步提高,来适应科技的进步和医学的发展。改进的尼氏小体染色法能够使脑组织切片更清楚观察,更有利于医学工作者对神经组织及尼氏小体的研究。     

In search of the central respiratory neurons: II. Electrophysiologic studies of medullary fetal cells inherently sensitive to CO2 and low pH.

Although extensively pursued, the central respiratory neurons have remained elusive. We departed from the more conventional physiologic and morphologic methods of system and tissue examination and cultured dissociated fetal rat cells (Fitzgerald et al., J Neurosci Res 33:579-589, 1992) from the area of the nucleus ambiguus and the nucleus tractus solitarius located within the 2 mm rostral to the obex. Pacemaker-like cells, with a regular single or bursting activity, studied at 3-5 weeks of age, responded to very small pulses of CO2 (50 ms) and low pH with an increase in spike frequency and a decrease in spike amplitude. Other irregularly beating or silent cells did not respond or else required very large pulses (> 200 ms) to do so. The pacemaker cells also responded to hypoxia induced by administration of sodium hydrosulfite with an increase in spike frequency and amplitude; high oxygen (> 600 torr) and adenosine produced a decrease in electrical activity. Most of these cells were multipolar after staining with antibodies to neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and Fragment C of tetanus toxin. They did not stain for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). The results suggest that these cultured cells, expressing a phenotype inherently responsive to CO2 and low pH, have the characteristics of central respiratory chemoreceptors, and may be involved in the generation of the respiratory rhythm.     

A One–Step, Operator–Independent Method for Isolating Islets of Langerhans from the Porcine Pancreas

Abstract: Large–scale isolation of islets of Langerhans is one of the major obstacles in islet transplantation. Until now, isolation methods relied on enzymatic digestion, the duration of which relies on a decision dictated by the operator's experience. This approach has always hindered development of an automated method. The aim of this study was to develop a one–step method based on complete digestion of the pancreas. The original aspect of the technique (derived from the Ricordi method) is use of the University of Wisconsin (UW) solution in the digestion medium and a continuous flow collagenase processing circuit with local cooling and rewarming to allow tissue digestion to proceed at 37°C while settling of the cell suspension takes place at 4°C. A stopcock system permits the alternate use of two settling chambers so that while one is in the circuit, the other can be removed for cen–trifugation, resuspension of the crude islet preparation in collagenase in free UW solution, and further purification in a density gradient system. Ten experiments were performed, and 545, 750 ± 48, 670 purified pig islets were obtained per totally digested pancreas. Histological studies showed cell integrity. Insulin secretion in response to double glucose stimulation under perfusion conditions demonstrated the functional viability of the isolated islets. In conclusion, this one–step method makes it possible to obtain a high number of viable islets of Langerhans in the absence of any decision by an operator, and it should therefore provide basis for an automated method.     

Various types of suprameatal spines and depressions in the human temporal bone

Since it covers the lateral wall of the mastoid air system, the suprameatal triangle is of importance to otologic surgeons during mastoidectomy. Because of this clinical importance, topographic anatomy of the suprameatal spine and depression was studied on Anatolian skulls. In all, 363 male and 231 female skulls were studied. The most prevalent type of suprameatal spine resembled a crest and was found in both sexes on the right (77.6%) and left (80%) sides. The absence of a suprameatal depression was significantly higher in females (right 9.1%; left 8.7%) than in males (right 1.7%; left 2.5%). Suprameatal depressions were mostly shallow in female subjects, but were mostly observed in males to be at a medium depth or deep. Received: 5 January 1998 / Accepted: 19 March 1998     

Why do long-distance runners not have more bone? A vital biomechanical explanation and an estrogen effect

Inanimate structures cannot detect and repair their fatigue damage or microdamage, so to minimize it they need more structural material and strength. Living bone handles this matter differently. Bone modeling drifts adapt bone architecture and strength to the loads on bones in ways that tend to keep strains from exceeding a “modeling threshold” range. Strains (or equivalent features) above that threshold switch mechanically controlled modeling ON. Where strains stay below that threshold, this modeling goes OFF. Repeatedly loading-deloading a bone causes microdamage in it, and basic multicellular unit (BMU)-based bone remodeling normally repairs it. Where strains stay below an operational “microdamage threshold,” remodeling can repair whatever microdamage happens for as long as it happens. Strains above that threshold can cause too much microdamage to repair completely and lead to fatigue fractures of trabeculae or whole bones. The modeling threshold normally lies comforably below the microdamage threshold. Since modeling normally adjusts bone architecture to keep strains from exceeding the modeling threshold, this keeps strains below the microdamage threshold, too, and voluntary activities do not cause more microdamage than remodeling can repair. Therefore, long-distance runners do not need more bone mass and strength than nonrunners of comparable age, sex, and body size.     

Expression of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 gene products in the short-term cultured skin tissues of an adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma patient with cutaneous manifestations.

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is recognized as a disease etiologically associated with human T lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) infection, but, neither viral replication nor specific virus antigen expression have been detected on ATLL cells distributed in organs, including skin. To examine the latent expression of HTLV-1 in the cutaneous lesions of ATLL patients, we cultured the lesional skin tissues in vitro and applied immunofluorescence staining with mouse monoclonal antibodies Lt-4, GIN-14, and F10, which react with p40tax, p19 and gp21, respectively. We recognized HTLV-1 specific antigens on clustered ATLL cells only in the deeper dermis of the skin after 24 hrs cultivation of the lesional skin tissue from an ATLL patient in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 20% fetal calf serum. In the electron microscope, we observed HTLV-1 like particles, 80-140 nm in diameter with envelope and core structures, in the same tissue specimen. These findings suggest that HTLV-1 gene products may be expressed in the skin lesions of ATLL patients and involved in the pathogenesis of skin eruptions in cutaneous type ATLLs. To our knowledge, this is the first report that envisages the potency of intracutaneous HTLV-1 expression in vivo.