临床实习护生应对方式与总体幸福感的相关研究

目的了解临床实习护生的总体幸福感和应对方式状况。方法以总体幸福感量表(GWB)和应对方式问卷对实习护生270人进行自评调查。结果中专、大专实习护生在总体幸福感上差异无显著性;在自责、退避因子得分上差异具有显著性(t=3.061,P<0.01;t=2.498,P<0.05);使用成熟型应对方式的护生幸福感较高(P<0.01),使用不成熟型应对方式的护生幸福感较低(P<0.01)。结论中专组较大专组实习护生更倾向于采用自责、退避等不成熟型应对方式,护理教育工作者及临床护理管理者应加强对中专护生应对方式的指导。     

Correlates of subjective well-being in schizophrenic patients treated with atypical antipsychotics

Objective

A growing body of research indicates that a low subjective well-being (SW) may be predictive of non-adherence and less favourable outcome. This study examined baseline variables and variables in the course of treatment hypothesised to be associated with later SW.

Methods

Sixty-three inpatients with schizophreniform disorder or schizophrenia were randomly assigned to treatment with various atypical antipsychotics after a wash-out phase of 2 days. Subjects were evaluated with a protocol that examined psychopathology (Positive and Negative Symptom Scale, PANSS), side effects (Scandinavian Society of Pharmacology, UKU), and subjective well-being (Subjective Well-being under Neuroleptic treatment, SWN) at baseline and endpoint (mean duration of treatment 39.9 days). Two-thirds of subjects were multiple episode schizophrenic inpatients pre-treated with antipsychotics.

Results

Multiple regression analyses revealed that the PANSS negative score, neurological side effects, and SWN at baseline, as well as change of the PANSS positive score between baseline and endpoint, were associated independently with SW at endpoint (R²=0.55 after exclusion of two subjects).

Conclusions

Patients with low SW, severe negative symptoms, and neurological side effects, all at baseline, as well as those without improvement or deterioration of positive symptoms are at risk of low SW later in treatment and, most likely, of non-adherence.     

人格特征对城市居民主观幸福感的影响

目的探讨人格特征与城市居民主观幸福感的关系。方法以266名城市居民作为被试,采用中国城市居民主观幸福感量表简本和艾森克人格问卷进行评定,并进行相关分析。结果主观幸福感和人格特征之间存在显著相关。外向性与主观幸福感得分有显著正相关;神经质与主观幸福感得分有显著负相关;精神质与主观幸福感有显著负相关。结论外向性和神经质等人格特征是影响城市居民幸福感的重要因素。     

重庆市农村老年人心理健康与主观幸福感相关性研究

目的：探讨重庆市农村老年人心理健康与主观幸福感的关系及其影响因素。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,以症状自评量表（SCL-90）、纽芬兰纪念大学幸福感量表（MUNSH）等量表作为评定工具,对重庆市588例60岁及以上农村老年人的心理健康及主观幸福感进行现场调查。结果588例农村老年人SCL-90总分为91～199分,平均（109．13±11．81）分,SCL-90总分及各因子平均分明显低于中国成人常模评分结果（ P＜0．05）。MUNSH总分为6～48分,平均（33．78±8．16）分,其中大于24分者合计500例（占85．03％）,正性情感占优势。女性、无配偶、有慢性疾病、亲子关系不良、认知水平高、社会支持低的老年人SCL-90评分明显高于男性、有配偶、无慢性疾病、亲子关系良好、认知水平低、社会支持良好的老年人（P＜0．05）。无配偶、小学及以上文化程度、月收入小于或等于420元、有慢性疾病、独居、亲子关系不良、认知水平高、生活能力差、社会支持低的老年人MUNSH评分明显低于有配偶、文盲、月收入大于420元、无慢性疾病、非独居、亲子关系良好、认知水平低、生活能力强、社会支持良好的老年人（P＜0．05）。相关分析表明,SCL-90总分、阳性均分、躯体化因子、饮食睡眠、抑郁因子与MUNSH总分、正性情感、正性体验评分呈负相关（P＜0．05）,与负性情感、负性体验呈正相关（P＜0．05）。SCL-90各因子对主观幸福感的预测贡献率由大到小依次为饮食睡眠、焦虑、躯体化及抑郁。结论老年人心理健康与主观幸福感密切相关,尤其是饮食和睡眠、焦虑、躯体化、抑郁对其主观幸福感的预测作用较大。     

Investigation and influencing factors about well-being level of elderly chronic patients during COVID-19 postpandemic period in Beijing

The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has huge impacts on the world, including human health and economic decline. The COVID-19 has severe infectivity, especially the elderly with chronic diseases will cause various complications after infection and accelerate the disease process. In addition, COVID-19 will also affect their mental health. Therefore, the mental health of elderly patients with chronic diseases cannot be ignored. The aim of this study was to investigate the well-being level of elderly people with chronic disease during COVID-19 postpandemic period in Beijing and analysis related influencing factors, so as to provide a basis for improving the well-being level of elderly chronic patients during the postpandemic period.Elderly patients with chronic diseases who met the inclusion criteria in 5 different administrative regions in Beijing were selected to carry out a questionnaire survey. The contents of the questionnaire included general data, the Memorial University of Newfoundland Happiness scale and the awareness situation of the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 500 questionnaires were distributed by WeChat and 486 valid questionnaires were collected. The t test and one-way analysis of variance were used to compare Memorial University of Newfoundland Happiness scores between 2 or more groups, multiple linear regression analysis was used to conduct multiple factor analysis to explore the related factors about well-being level of elderly chronic patients.A total of 109 cases (22.43%) were evaluated high well-being level, 319 cases (65.64%) were evaluated moderate well-being level and 58 cases (11.93%) were evaluated low well-being according to the Memorial University of Newfoundland Happiness (MUNSH) scores rating. The multiple linear regression indicated that the education level, number of chronic diseases, medical expenses, frequency of children''s visits, taking care of grandchildren or not, and group activity frequency significantly affected the well-being of patients with chronic diseases during COVID-19 postpandemic period in Beijing (P < .05).Most elderly patients with chronic diseases had moderate or above sense of well-being during postpandemic period, but we should still pay attention to the mental health of those elderly chronic patients with low education level, much comorbidity, more medical expenses, less visits by children, not take care of grandchildren and never participate in group activities.     

控制感与主观幸福感关系的研究

目的 考察控制感与主观幸福感之间的关系.方法 用Levenson IPC量表和主观幸福感量表,对277名大学生进行调查,研究控制感与主观幸福感之间的关系.结果 内控与主观幸福感有非常显著的正相关,他控和机控与主观幸福感有显著的负相关.内控被试比外控和机控被试在主观幸福感上要明显地强.结论 内控的人比外控和机控的人有更高的主观幸福感.     

Risk and protective factors for health-related quality of life among persons aging with HIV

For persons living with HIV, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) may be threatened by physical and mental conditions but may be protected by positive psychological traits. We performed an exploratory look at the risk and protective factors for HRQOL in older adults living with HIV. Cross-sectional analyses of baseline data from the Rush Center of Excellence on Disparities in HIV and Aging (CEDHA), a community-based cohort of persons ages ≥50 living with HIV (n?=?176) were performed. Analyses examined the relationship between risk/protective factors and two outcomes (i.e., self-reported health status [SRHS] and the healthy days index [HDI]). Having good/excellent health was associated with being a non-smoker (p?=?0.002), greater purpose in life (p?=?0.006), higher education (p?=?0.007), fewer depressive symptoms (p?=?0.004), fewer disabilities (p?=?0.000), and less loneliness (p?=?0.002) in bivariate analyses. Males (p?=?0.03) and African Americans/Blacks (p?=?0.03) reported higher HDI. Fewer depressive symptoms (p?=?0.000), disabilities (p?=?0.002), adverse life events (p?=?0.0103), and loneliness (p?=?0.000) were associated with higher HDI in bivariate analyses. In a logistic regression model, greater purpose in life, fewer disabilities, and being a non-smoker were associated with better SRHS after adjusting for covariates. For African Americans/Blacks, having fewer depressive symptoms and disabilities were associated with higher HDI after adjusting for covariates. Disabilities, depression, smoking status, race/ethnicity, and purpose in life were significantly associated with HRQOL. Findings support the need for research to examine the influence of cultural interpretations of life quality and focus on promoting physical function, smoking cessation, and psychological wellness in persons aging with HIV.     

More to Blue Zones than long life: positive psychological characteristics

Blue Zones are defined as regions of exceptional longevity. Emerging evidence also indicates the presence of several positive psychological characteristics amongst older inhabitants. No synthesis of this information is currently available. The current article focuses on psychological characteristics of successful ageing, including perceived well-being and cognitive health. Relevant findings concerning the Sardinian Blue Zone are reviewed along with an evidence suggesting links to the distinctive sociocultural environment of this region. People aged 65+ living in the Sardinian Blue Zone have substantially lower levels of depressive symptomatology, higher levels of self-perceived well-being and better subjective and objective cognitive health relative to matched control samples. These differences are robust, reliable and persist throughout late adulthood. Important determinants of the positive traits include increased active engagement in community religious and leisure activities. Sparse evidence for other Blue Zones exists but reduced levels of depression may be a shared attribute. Older Blue Zone Sardinians possess positive psychological characteristics, which are associated with successful ageing and are known to promote longevity. Blue Zone populations appear to be a valuable, but overlooked, resource for the study of positive aspects of ageing.     

江苏地区1260名精神科女护士主观幸福感的调查研究

目的 了解江苏地区精神专科医院临床女护士主观幸福感的现状及影响因素,为提高精神专科医院的管理水平提供参考依据。方法 采用中文版的“总体幸福感量表”和自制的“一般情况调查表”对江苏省不同地区的6所精神专科医院1260名女护士进行调查。 结果 被调查对象主观幸福感前18项总分为(67.89±14.09)分,处于中等幸福感49～72分之间,但显著低于全国女性常模(71.00±18.00)分,两者比较,t =-2.768,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);经回归分析,其主要影响因素有对职业伤害的担心程度、家庭的支持程度、收入状况、医院支持系统的满意度,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论 江苏地区的精神科女护士主观幸福感总体处于中等水平但显著低于全国女性常模,提高其主观幸福感可以从减少精神科护士的职业伤害、关注家庭方面影响、建立合理的薪酬体系和高效的医院支持系统4个方面努力。