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81.
M Ishizaki Y Yamada Y Morikawa Y Noborisaka M Ishida K Miura H Nakagawa 《Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)》1999,49(3):177-182
As a marker of body fat distribution and therefore level of obesity, the waist-to-hip ratio (W:H) is a good indicator of coronary heart disease risk status. The present study investigated the association between occupational status and life-style factors, and W:H of middle-aged Japanese male (n = 2,550) and female (n = 1,283) workers in a metal-products factory. A higher W:H was observed in the management level males as compared with the other male workers and we suggest this was promoted by the sedentary aspect of their work, as well as their higher levels of alcohol consumption and lower levels of leisure-time physical activity. In contrast, a higher W:H was recorded in female labourers, whose work was typically less sedentary as compared with female managers. Life-style factors included in the study were not related to this observation. We conclude that other unmeasured psychosocial factors may be important in promoting higher W:H in female labourers. 相似文献
82.
电解铝厂职工恶性肿瘤死亡状况回顾性队列研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对某电解铝厂职工恶性肿瘤死亡情况进行了10年回顾性队列研究,以宁夏1990 ̄1992年人口年龄死亡专率为参比,计算了观察队列标化死亡比(SMR)、癌症比例死亡比(PMR和PCMR),观察组肺癌超出量尤为显著,SMR为190(P〈0.01),PCMR为171(P〈0.05)。 相似文献
83.
为了了解住院死亡病例的主要死因、年龄构成比、性别和季节性差异等。本文就1994~1998年间我院1918例住院死亡病例进行了统计分析。结果显示,主要死因依次为肿瘤、循环系统疾病和外伤,死亡病例中男性比例高于女性(2.34:1),50岁以上年龄段最高(64.76%),第1和第4季度的死亡病例比例相对偏高。结论为提高肿瘤,循环系统疾病和外伤及老年患者的诊治水平是降低住院病人死亡率的关键。 相似文献
84.
目的;观察三级肝硬化患者血浆中支链氨基酸与芳香氨基酸数值的变化情况。方法:使用氨基酸分析仪检测三级肝硬化患者氨基酸数值。结果:随肝病加重,支/芳比值逐渐减低,各组间的差异具有显著性。结论:支/芳比值可作为了解肝硬化病情严重程度和判断预后的指标。 相似文献
85.
在城区内分单位用房和居民住宅两大类型为调查单位,采用药激法调查城市蜚蠊栖息习性及侵害情况。结果单位用房类型大蠊的侵害率为8-62 % ,小蠊的侵害率为8-27 % ;居民住宅大蠊的侵害率为3-41 % ,小蠊的侵害率为10-66 % 。结果表明本省城市蜚蠊栖息特点在特殊行业( 包括纺织厂、酿造厂、发电厂等) 的地沟以大蠊栖息为主,居民住宅和单位用房类型中的医院以小蠊栖息为主 相似文献
86.
The a- and b-wave latencies as a prognostic indicator of neovascularisation in central retinal vein occlusion 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Moschos M Brouzas D Moschou M Theodossiadis G 《Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology》1999,99(2):123-133
To evaluate the prognostic value of ERG in cases of central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) regarding the development of neovascularisation
(NV), we studied 20 patients with unilateral CRVO. Half of them were allocated in the perfused group and the other 10 finally
developed NV and were allocated in the non-perfused group. Flash ERG was recorded from all patients. Our findings suggest
that b-wave latency is the most reliable parameter in predicting NV, followed by the a-wave latency. The b/a wave amplitude of ERG ratio does not seem to be suitable for clinical use.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
87.
Rationale: Progressive ratio (PR) schedules have become well accepted for testing the reinforcing effectiveness of drugs. This study
extends the methods to concurrent PR schedules with different concentrations of orally delivered phencyclidine (PCP). Objective: The sensitivity of the procedure is tested by presenting different PCP concentrations with independently-operating PR schedules.
Method: PCP self-administration was investigated in seven rhesus monkeys. Six different PCP concentrations (0.03–1.0 mg/ml) and
water were randomly paired (21 pairings). Liquid delivery (24 ml) was contingent upon lip-contact responses on solenoid-operated
drinking spouts; whereby, the response requirement or fixed-ratio (FR) increased (from 8 to 16, 32, 64, 128... to 4096) after
each successful completion of a previous FR and subsequent liquid delivery. Monkeys self administered PCP during daily 3-h
sessions, and each pair of concentrations was held constant until behavior had stabilized for at least 4 days. Results: The higher of the two PCP concentrations always maintained greater responding, PR break point (BP), or the last ratio completed,
and liquid deliveries than did the lower concentration. However, the monkeys did not exclusively respond on the drinking spout
that yielded the higher drug concentration. When examined across all drug pairings, the percentage of total available deliveries
of the higher concentration was significantly greater than those of the lower concentration. The monkeys maximized the amount
(mg) consumed for the response output. Responding, BPs and liquid deliveries maintained by 0.12 and 0.25 mg/ml PCP were significantly
greater than other PCP concentrations; however, drug intake (mg) increased directly with PCP concentration. Conclusion: These results indicate that concurrent PR schedules using oral drug self-administration and a concurrent choice paradigm
reliably provide an estimation of relative reinforcing strength, and behavior maintained by these schedules is sensitive to
small changes in PCP concentration.
Received: 18 September 1998 / Final version: 28 December 1998 相似文献
88.
M. F. El-Khatib B. Baumeister P. G. Smith R. L. Chatburn J. L. Blumer 《Intensive care medicine》1996,22(3):264-268
Objective To evaluate the accuracy of the initial negative inspiratory pressure (PI) to maximal negative inspiratory pressure (PImax) ratio in predicting extubation outcome for intubated infants and children.Design A prospective study. Setting: Pediatric intensive care unit.Patients A sample of 50 stable intubated pediatric patients who were judged clinically ready for extubation.Methods Using a one-way valve,PI andPImax were measured in all patients, after which the ratioPI/PImax was calculated and its accuracy in predicting extubation outcome evaluated.Measurements and results A total of 39 patients (78%) were successfully extubated and 11 patients (22%) were not. The meanPI/PImax ratio was not significantly different between extubation successes (0.36±0.14) and failures (0.45±0.1) (P>0.05). The cut-off value of 0.3 forPI/PImax identified in adult patients did not discriminate between extubation success and failure in children. Furthermore, a discriminatory cut-off value other than 0.3 could not be identified for infants and children.Conclusion ThePI/PImax ratio cannot be used to predict extubation outcome in pediatric patients. Indices that predict extubation outcome in adults should not be extrapolated to infants and children before testing and validation. 相似文献
89.
Suppose that part of the prosecution's evidence in some crime case is analysis of a blood stain, and that the traits E discovered in the stain suggest multiple donors. Then the prosecution will probably allege some specific inculpatory hypothesis H0 about the sources of the stain, and P {E | H0} can be calculated. It is desirable to use this as the numerator of a likelihood ratio. However, in general the obvious denominator P {E | H0} cannot be calculated, so unless the defense is sufficiently obliging as to stipulate to a specific choice among the potentially infinite number of more or less exculpatory alternative hypotheses, the desired likelihood ratio can't be evaluated. We show that nonetheless, in most cases there is an adequate inequality. 相似文献
90.
Cocaine, diethylpropion, chlorphentermine, and fenfluramine were compared on a drug-maintained progressive-ratio procedure in baboons. Intravenous infusions of drug were contingent on completion of a fixed-ratio response requirement (fixed number of lever-press responses) with a 3-h time-out period following each infusion. Prior to testing each dose of drug, stable self-infusion performance was first established with 0.4 mg/kg cocaine when the fixed-ratio requirement was 160. Subsequently, a test dose of drug was substituted for the standard dose of cocaine. If the dose of drug maintained a criterion level of self-infusion performance (six or more infusions per day for 2 days), the ratio requirement was systematically increased every day until the breaking point at which the self-infusion performance fell below a criterion level (one or zero infusionsper day). Fenfluramine did not maintain criterion self-infusion performance at any dose tested (0.02–5.0 mg/kg). The dose ranges of the other drugs that maintained maximum breaking points were 1.0–5.6 mg/kg for chlorphentermine, 1.0–3.0 mg/kg for diethylpropion, and 0.1–0.4 mg/kg for cocaine. Within-animal comparison of the maximum breaking points indicated that cocaine maintained the highest breaking points, followed in order by diethylpropion, chlorphentermine, and fenfluramine. The rank ordering of these drugs with the breaking point measure corresponds well with both the results of other animal experiments on measurement of reinforcing efficacy of these drugs and with the clinical information about the human subjective effects and abuse of these drugs. 相似文献