A novel antioxidant agent caffeic acid phenethyl ester prevents shock wave-induced renal tubular oxidative stress

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the novel free radical scavenger caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) induced renal impairment. The study was performed using 30 rabbits which were divided into two groups, each exposed to 3,000 shock waves at 18 kV: (1) control group, (2) ESWL+CAPE treated group. Malodialdehyde (MDA), urine N-acetyl--glucosaminidase (NAG) activity, uric acid and white cell counts were used as markers of oxidative stress. Following shock wave exposure there was a significant rise in MDA, NAG and uric acid and white cell counts. CAPE reduced the rise in MDA, NAG, uric acid and white cell counts. Thus CAPE treatment to a great extent prevented the induction of these renal changes. Our results suggest that the antioxidant capacity of the kidney tissue was reduced after ESWL treatment and that the tissue was exposed to oxidant stress. We conclude that CAPE treatment provided significant protection against ESWL induced free radical damage.     

体外冲击波与小针刀疗法治疗肱骨内上髁炎疗效比较

 目的 比较体外冲击波疗法及小针刀疗法治疗肱骨内上髁炎的效果。方法 肱骨内上髁炎80例被随机分成两组, 每组40例, 分别行体外冲击波治疗和小针刀治疗, 计算并比较两组术前及术后的VAS疼痛评分、HSS肘关节功能评分。结果 小针刀及体外冲击波疗法均能明显缓解肱骨内上髁炎患者肘关节的疼痛, 两组治疗后VAS评分均低于治疗前, 差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);体外冲击波组治疗后VAS评分低于小针刀组治疗后[(1.07±0.66) vs (2.24±0.75)], 差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。两组治疗后HSS评分均高于治疗前, 差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);体外冲击波组治疗后HSS评分高于小针刀组治疗后[(92.06±8.07) vs (83.71±7.65)], 差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 在治疗肱骨内上髁炎疼痛和恢复功能方面, 体外冲击波疗法比小针刀效果更明显。
     

复杂性上尿路结石的微创综合治疗

目的 总结经皮肾微造瘘输尿管镜碎石术（MPCNL）综合其它技术治疗复杂性上尿路结石的临床经验。方法 回顾性分析2002年6月至2004年11月采用MPCNL结合经皮肾造瘘术、ESWL、URL和开放手术等方法治疗复杂性上尿路结石73例患者资料。分析其病史特点、综合治疗方法、并发症和结石取净率等临床资料。73例患者，男43例，女30例，平均45岁。均为肾铸形结石或多发结石。结果 Ⅰ期治疗结石排净率71．2％（52／73），Ⅱ期治疗排净率61．9％（13／21），结石总排净率89．1％（65／73）。并发症：发热12例（16．4％），术中大出血8例（10．9％），术后继发大出血3例（4．0％），尿外渗7例（9．6％），肾盂，输尿管穿孔3例（4．0％）。平均住院天数17．6d。MPCNL结合ESWL15例（20．5％），开放手术结合MPCNL5例（6．8％），术前结合肾造瘘术治疗28例（38．4％），术中结合URL治疗26例（35．6％）。结论 复杂性上尿路结石的综合治疗需制定个体化方案，MPCNL结合其它微创技术治疗复杂性上尿路结石有利于减少损伤，降低并发症，提高碎石取石效果。     

多方法检测肱-踝动脉脉搏波传导速度的比较研究

目的:比较分析同一组受试者运用多种方法检测获得的肱-踝动脉段脉搏波传导速度(brachial ankle pulse wave velocity,baPWV),探讨将超声技术引入脉搏波传导速度检测的可行性及准确性。方法:纳入30例正常人,分别行日本Colin动脉硬化仪检测、联合多普勒超声及脉搏波传感器同步检测、仅多普勒超声检测baPWV,并将结果进行比较分析。结果:动脉硬化仪检测得到的baPWV为(1 118.20±176.42)cm/s;将脉搏波传感器放置于肱动脉、多普勒探头放置于胫后动脉同步检测的baPWV为(1 135.74±246.26)cm/s;仅用多普勒超声分2次分别将探头放置于肱动脉及胫后动脉时测得的baPWV为(1 048.96±117.24)cm/s。多普勒超声及脉搏波传感器联合应用与动脉硬化仪检测得到的baPWV呈显著正相关(r=0.549,P0.01)。多普勒超声与动脉硬化仪检测得到的baPWV无相关性(r=0.277,P0.05)。结论:联合运用超声多普勒与脉搏波传感器为PWV的检测提供了新途径,测量数据准确度较高;仅运用多普勒超声分2次检测PWV的方法误差较大。     

ABI联合baPWV与双源CT冠状动脉成像的相关性研究

目的 通过与双源CT对比,评价踝臂指数(ABI)、肱-踝脉搏波速度(baPWV)在辅助预测冠状动脉病变的临床价值.方法 搜集经双源CT冠状动脉造影(CTA)检查显示冠状动脉狭窄程度≥50％并行ABI及baPWV检测的50例患者,分析ABI、baPWV与CTA冠状动脉狭窄支数、节段以及斑块数目的相关性.结果 单支、两支和三支病变组间的ABI值、baPWV值存在差异(P＜0.05),随着病变支数的增加,ABI逐渐减小,baPWV逐渐增加.两支病变时,ABI均值＜0.9;三支病变时,baPWV均值＞1400 cm/s,说明可能baPWV值更敏感.ABI＜ 0.9、ABI＞0.9两组间检出斑块数无差异(P＞0.05),狭窄节段数有统计学差异(P＜0.02);baPWV＜ 1400 cm/s、baPWV＞1400 cm/s组间斑块数及狭窄节段有统计学差异(P＜0.05).表明ABI ＜0.9、baPWV＞ 1400 cm/s时冠状动脉狭窄可能性较大,baPWV＞ 1400 cm/s时冠状动脉斑块出现的可能性较大.结论 ABI和baPWV与DSCT冠状动脉的狭窄支数、斑块数及狭窄节段数有关,可以用于辅助预测冠心病的严重程度.     

Extracorporeal shock wave therapy suppresses the early proinflammatory immune response to a severe cutaneous burn injury*

Following severe burn injury, persistent inflammation perpetuated by surface eschar, bacterial colonisation and neutrophil proteolytic activity can impede normal healing and result in further tissue damage. Extracorporeal shock wave treatment (ESWT) has been shown in the clinical setting to promote the healing of burn and difficult‐to‐heal wounds; however, the mechanism is unclear. We investigated the role of ESWT on the early proinflammatory response using a severe, full‐thickness and highly inflammatory cutaneous burn wound in a murine model. Various wound‐healing parameters were measured and leukocyte infiltration quantitated. A panel of 188 candidate genes known to be involved in acute inflammation and wound healing was screened. We show that ESWT of burn wounds 1 hour postwounding significantly blunts polymorphonuclear neutrophil and macrophage infiltration into the wound. ESWT treatment potently attenuates both CC‐ and CXC‐chemokine expression, acute proinflammatory cytokine expression and extracellular matrix proteolytic activity at the wound margin. Given these findings and the clinical success of ESWT, we speculate that ESWT may be a potential therapeutic modality to treat severe wounds wherein excessive inflammatory responses involving increased levels of inflammatory cells, proinflammatory cytokines and proteases may become self‐resolving allowing wound healing to progresses by way of normal physiological repair processes.     

逐步提高冲击波能量预处理对体外冲击波碎石术肾损伤的保护作用

目的探讨逐步提高冲击波能量（GESW）预处理对体外冲击波碎石术（ESWL）肾损伤的保护作用及机制。方法制成单肾的40只雌性家兔随机等分为对照组、GESW组、ESWL组、ESWL＋GESW预处理组。GESW组肾接受300次GESW;ESWL组肾接收标准的1500次ESWL：ESWL＋GESW预处理组先按GESW组处理,然后同ESWL组处理。24h时观察肾组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、丙二醛（MDA）含量和尿N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）变化,原位缺口末端标记法（TUNEL）检测凋亡细胞。结果与ESWL组比较,GESW预处理组肾组织SOD活性增高（P〈0．05）,MDA含量和细胞凋亡指数降低（P〈0．01）、尿NAG降低（P〈0．01）。与对照组比较,GESW组各项指标差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论GESW预处理可减轻ESWL所致的肾损害,与其抗氧化应激损伤、抗细胞凋亡有关。     

不同能流密度体外冲击波对骨质疏松兔股骨髁部松质骨影响的实验研究

目的 观察不同能流密度体外冲击波对骨质疏松兔股骨髁部松质骨成骨作用的差异.方法 采用卵巢切除法(OVX)对30只5月龄雌性新西兰兔去势,5个月后建立骨质疏松模型.将所有骨质疏松兔随机分为3组,每组10只,其中一组为空白对照组(A组),一组为体外冲击波(ESW)能流密度0.28 mJ/mm~2处理组(B组),另一组为体外冲击波能流密度0.47 mJ/mm~2处理组(C组),脉冲次数均为2000次,在实验组兔右侧股骨髁部进行体外冲击波(ESW)处理.于处理后4、8周时分二批每组处死5只动物,分离右侧股骨远端,进行显微CT(micro-CT)测量分析.结果 micro-CT三维重建分析表明,不同能流密度冲击波处理后4周时B组和C组在骨组织体积比(BV/TV)、骨小梁数目(Tb.N)等指标之间的差异有统计学意义;8周时B组和C组分别在骨密度(BMD)、骨矿含量(BMC)和BV/TV、骨表面积体积比(BS/BV)、骨小梁连接密度(Connectivity Density)等指标之间的差别有统计学意义,其中C组的BMD和BMC分别较B组增高16.8%和10.6%,尽管C组在其他骨小梁立体测量学等指标方面均较B组优,但两组测量结果 的差别无统计学意义.结论 不同能流密度体外冲击波对骨质疏松局部治疗后,不同时间,其成骨作用不同,较高能流密度的体外冲击波在治疗后8周时,促进骨质疏松被处理局部骨小梁的改建、改善骨小梁的三维结构、增加骨密度作用较优.     

Staging of Hepatic Fibrosis: Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Elastography and Shear Wave Elastography in the Same Individuals

Objective

To cross-validate liver stiffness (LS) measured on shear wave elastography (SWE) and on magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) in the same individuals.

Materials and Methods

We included 94 liver transplantation (LT) recipients and 114 liver donors who underwent either MRE or SWE before surgery or biopsy. We determined the technical success rates and the incidence of unreliable LS measurements (LSM) of SWE and MRE. Among the 69 patients who underwent both MRE and SWE, the median and coefficient of variation (CV) of the LSM from each examination were compared and correlated. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve in both examinations were calculated in order to exclude the presence of hepatic fibrosis (HF).

Results

The technical success rates of MRE and SWE were 96.4% and 92.2%, respectively (p = 0.17), and all of the technical failures occurred in LT recipients. SWE showed 13.1% unreliable LSM, whereas MRE showed no such case (p < 0.05). There was moderate correlation in the LSM in both examinations (r = 0.67). SWE showed a significantly larger median LSM and CV than MRE. Both examinations showed similar diagnostic performance for excluding HF (Az; 0.989, 1.000, respectively).

Conclusion

MRE and SWE show moderate correlation in their LSMs, although SWE shows higher incidence of unreliable LSMs in cirrhotic liver.     

CT值在输尿管结石ESWL术中的应用价值探讨

目的利用非增强螺旋CT（non-contrast helical computerized tomography,NCHCT）测定结石的CT值,结合输尿管结石体外冲击波碎石术（extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy,ESWL）疗效,探讨CT值在临床中应用价值。方法对79例输尿管结石长径在0.6～1.5 cm拟行ESWL治疗的输尿管单发结石患者,行非增强螺旋CT检查并测定结石的CT值,分为平均CT值〈750 HU组和平均CT值〉750 HU组,经过ESWL术后,观察两组结石清除率及有效率,分析两组间的基本特征和冲击次数及碎石效果。结果与结石CT值〉750 HU组相比,〈750 HU组所需冲击次数少,结石清除率高。两组比较（P〈0.05）,差异有统计学意义。结论 NCHCT的结石平均CT值能有效预测输尿管结石ESWL术疗效。结石CT值〈750 HU易于粉碎,结石清除率高,应首选ESWL术;而CT值〉750 HU结石清除率低,可考虑首选腔镜下碎石或开放手术取石。