Endovascular management of multiple intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas

Background and purposeMultiply occurring intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) have been documented but rarely occur, and neither pathogenesis nor prognosis is clearly understood. This study was conducted to analyze angiographic characteristics of multiple dAVFs and to chronicle our treatment experience.MethodsBetween April, 2002 and January, 2018, data prospectively collected from 310 patients with intracranial dAVFs were systematically reviewed, assessing clinical and anatomic outcomes of endovascular treatment in 32 patients with multiple dAVFs (≥ 2 fistulas each). Lesions were categorized as multifocal or diffuse type, depending on presentation, and further characterized as progressive or non-progressive disease.ResultsOverall, 18 patients (56.3%) experienced aggressive presentations, including intracerebral hemorrhage or venous infarction. Cortical venous reflux (CVR) was observed in 26 patients (81.3%), and sinus thrombosis or occlusion was seen in 24 (75.0%). Clinical outcomes in patients with multifocal fistulas (n = 11) were excellent (100%), marked by a moderately high rate of complete occlusion (54.5%). Those with progressive disease (n = 10) regularly displayed certain angiographic findings, namely diffuse configuration (100%), sinus thrombosis (100%), and CVR (100%). Complete anatomic obliteration was achieved in 12 patients (37.5%), and in 26 patients (81.3%), clinical outcomes were favorable.ConclusionMultiple dAVFs are typically aggressive at presentation, given strong associations with CVR and sinus thrombosis. In diffuse-type fistulas, the potential to recur or progress is high. Although definitive treatment poses a challenge, outcomes of endovascular therapeutics may be still optimized in this setting through strategic procedural modifications and careful follow-up monitoring.     

Arterial contamination: a useful indirect sign of cerebral sino-venous thrombosis

BACKGROUND: Various imaging findings of cerebral sino-venous thrombosis (CSVT) have been described on magnetic resonance venography (MRV). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the significance of visualization of the arterial system on cerebral MRV, also described as arterial contamination, as an indirect sign of CSVT. METHODS: Forty patients with a clinical suspicion of venous sinus thrombosis underwent MR imaging of the brain, followed by MRV sequence, based on 2D time of flight technique in the coronal oblique plane. Patient's clinical symptoms and signs were noted with particular interest for papilloedema. Twenty-seven patients were diagnosed to have cerebral venous thrombosis on MRV, and of these, arterial contamination was visualized in 16 patients. In the remaining 13 cases, in which there was no evidence of venous sinus thrombosis, arterial contamination was absent. The sensitivity of this finding was 59.25% (n = 16/27), specificity was 100%, positive predictive value was 100% and negative predictive value was 54.2%. Of these 16 patients with arterial contamination, 12 patients had evidence of increased intracranial pressure in the form of papilloedema. CONCLUSION: Visualization of the arterial system is a useful indirect sign of CSVT, and may be an indicator of increased intracranial pressure in these patients.     

高分辨磁共振血管壁成像3D CUBE T_1序列与SWI诊断颅内静脉窦血栓的对比研究

目的通过联合应用颅脑常规MRI、高分辨磁共振血管壁成像3D CUBE T_1序列及SWI对颅内静脉窦及其内血栓的显像,评价3D CUBE T_1序列和SWI对颅内静脉窦血栓(cerebral venous sinus thrombosis,CVST)的诊断效能及应用价值。方法本研究为前瞻性研究,连续纳入山东第一医科大学第一附属医院神经内科2016年3月-2017年9月临床疑诊CVST的34例患者。行颅脑MRI平扫、MRV、SWI、3D CUBE T_1序列检查。将颅脑平扫与MRV的诊断结果作为确诊CVST的参照诊断,应用ROC曲线分析评估3D CUBE T_1序列及SWI在患者及静脉窦血管节段水平诊断CVST的敏感性、特异性。结果以参照诊断为依据评判CVST的阳性患者共9例,共累计24处病变静脉窦节段。3D CUBE T_1序列在患者水平诊断CVST的敏感度和特异度分别为100%和95.2%,ROC曲线下面积为0.98;在静脉窦节段水平诊断CVST的敏感度和特异度分别为95.8%和97.7%,ROC曲线下面积为0.97。SWI在患者水平诊断CVST的敏感度和特异度分别为66.7%和76.2%,ROC曲线下面积为0.71;在静脉窦节段水平诊断CVST的敏感度和特异度分别为70.8%和95.4%,ROC曲线下面积为0.83。结论与SWI相比,高分辨磁共振血管壁成像3D CUBE T_1序列对CVST的诊断具有更高的敏感性及特异性,准确性高,能够为CVST的临床诊断及治疗提供可靠的诊断信息,具有很好的临床实用价值及应用前景。     

颅内静脉窦狭窄患者眼部表现及支架术后眼底改变的相关研究

目的 了解颅内静脉窦狭窄（cerebral venous sinus stenosis,CVSS）患者眼部特征,分析静脉窦支架置 入术后眼底改变情况,探讨与视盘水肿程度相关的可能因素。 方法 回顾性纳入2014年1月-2018年8月在首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经介入中心确诊,并 行静脉窦支架置入术的CVSS患者,收集患者一般资料、病程、视力、眼底检查、视野情况、颅内压、 DSA检查、静脉窦内压测定及患者术后的眼部变化等临床资料。总结CVSS患者的眼部特征和静脉窦 支架置入术后的眼底改变情况,应用Kendall’s tau-b相关分析探讨与视盘水肿程度相关的可能因素。 结果 共纳入125例CVSS患者,存在视功能损害者101例（80.8%）,包括视物模糊、视力下降、视 物变形、阵发性黑蒙、视野缺损、复视等,其中65例（52.0%）眼部症状为首发症状,35例（28.0%）仅 表现出眼部症状。视盘水肿115例,共223只眼。视盘水肿等级中位值3（2～4）级（Fri sén分级）。部分 患者可见视盘周围出血、渗出、棉绒斑,视网膜皱褶及静脉迂曲扩张,视盘色淡或苍白等。视盘水 肿等级与颅内压正相关（Kendall’s tau-b=0.271,P =0.029）,与病程负相关（Kendall’s tau-b=-0.261, P =0.002）。其中79例经内科治疗无效患者接受了静脉窦支架置入术,术后患者视盘水肿均有减轻, 术后1个月视盘水肿等级降为2（1～3）级;术后6个月时视盘水肿完全消退比例达94.4%（135/143）。 结论 对双眼视盘水肿患者要除外CVSS可能性;眼底检查是CVSS诊疗评估及判断颅内压情况的 一项重要无创检查,同时也是CVSS患者治疗后随访观察的必要检查。视盘水肿程度与颅内压正相关, 与病程负相关;静脉窦狭窄合并视盘水肿经内科治疗无效患者可考虑行静脉窦支架置入术治疗,促 进视盘水肿消退,减少视神经不可逆性损害。     

脉冲式加压注射法治疗下肢深静脉血栓的疗效观察

目的探讨经导管不同注射法注射尿激酶治疗下肢深静脉血栓的效果。方法将86例下肢深静脉血栓采用介入法插入多侧孔溶栓导管的术后患者随机分为经导管脉冲注射法（实验组）和经导管微量注射泵恒速注射法（对照组）注射尿激酶,每组43例。结果实验组显效时间明显短于对照组（P〈0．01）,效果明显优于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论经导管脉冲式注射法注射溶栓药物尿激酶见效快、安全、可靠,是治疗深静脉血栓高效的治疗方法,近期疗效显著,值得推广。     

肝硬化患者门静脉血栓形成危险因素的Logistic回归分析

目的研究肝硬化患者门静脉血栓（PVT）形成的相关危险因素。方法回顾性分析我院消化内科2007—2008年确诊的肝硬化患者80例,其中19例肝硬化PVT患者作为血栓组,61例肝硬化非血栓患者作为对照组,收集相关临床资料,对可能影响PVT形成的因素进行单因素分析和Logistic回归模型分析。结果Logistic回归模型分析结果显示,血浆D-二聚体、门静脉宽度（MPV）、血小板（PLT）是肝硬化患者PVT形成的独立危险因素（P值分别为0.003、0.012、0.036）。结论肝硬化患者应注意监测血浆D-二聚体、门静脉宽度、血小板等指标,以便早期预防和发现PVT的形成。     

A right-sided pathway involving FGF8/Snai1 controls asymmetric development of the proepicardium in the chick embryo

The proepicardium (PE) is a transient structure that forms at the venous pole of the embryonic vertebrate heart. This cardiac progenitor cell population gives rise to the epicardium, coronary vasculature, and fibroblasts. In the chicken embryo, the PE displays left-right (L-R) asymmetry and develops only on the right side, while on the left only a vestigial PE is formed, which subsequently gets lost by apoptosis. In this study, we analyzed how the L-R asymmetry pathway affects PE formation. Experimental manipulation of left-side determinants such as Shh, Nodal, and Cfc as well as forced expression of Pitx2 had no effect on the sidedness of PE development. In contrast, inhibition of early-acting regulators of L-R axis formation such as H⁺/K⁺-ATPase or primitive streak apoptosis affected the sidedness of PE development. Experimental interference with the right-side determinants Fgf8 or Snai1 prevented PE formation, whereas ectopic left-sided expression of Fgf8 or Snai1 resulted in bilateral PE development. These data provide novel insight into the molecular control of asymmetric morphogenesis suggesting that also the right side harbors an instructive signaling pathway that is involved in the control of PE development. This pathway might be of general relevance for setting up L-R asymmetries at the venous pole of the heart.     

Left coronary artery thrombus characterized by a fully automatic three‐dimensional gated reconstruction

Rotational coronary angiography and subsequent automatic modeling or reconstruction can result in clinically valuable three‐dimensional (3D) representations of the coronaries. From these 3D representations information can be derived for specific coronary segments, such as lesion length, vessel diameter, bifurcation angles, and optimal viewing angles. In this case report, we highlight the characterization of a left coronary artery thrombus by a fully automatic 3D gated reconstruction. This case also shows that detailed 3D morphology of a lesion can be assessed during percutaneous coronary interventions using rotational coronary angiography and subsequent automated image processing. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

一次性静脉输液针在婴儿吸痰中的应用

[目的]观察一次性静脉输液针在婴儿吸痰中的效果。[方法]将360例需要吸痰患儿随机分成两组,对照组178例采用常规吸痰法,试验组182例采用一次性静脉输液针吸痰,对比吸痰前后的血氧饱和度、鼻黏膜损伤例数、阻塞堵管例数。[结果]对照组吸痰后有效311次,无效78次,试验组有效384次,无效17次;两组有效率差异有统计学意义（χ^2=42.22,P〈0.05）。[结论]婴儿肺炎在常规治疗基础上用一次性静脉输液针吸痰效果优于常规吸痰方法,可缩短婴儿肺炎的病程。