An uncommon cause of acute right ventricular failure and high mixed venous oxygen saturation

Ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysms are rare. We report a case in which the usual clinical manifestations were not present and the patient was initially treated as an acute pulmonary embolus. Despite three negative echocardiograms an intra-cardiac shunt was suspected because of a persistently elevated mixed venous oxygen saturation. Cardiac catheterisation confirmed the diagnosis. Surgical repair was performed and post operative recovery was uneventful.     

Temporary vena cava filters in the prevention of pulmonary embolism during total hip arthroplasty

Thromboembolism constitutes one of the most dangerous complications during the immediate postoperative period of prosthetic surgery. Pharmacological prophylaxis and mechanical vascular compression are not always sufficient to protect from this surgical complication. In patients at greatest risk for thromboembolism, often with a positive history for pulmonary embolism, temporary vena cava filters may be used to reduce the incidence of vascular and pulmonary complications. However useful, these filters cannot be routinely used in orthopedic surgery. We present our results with the use of Filcard RFO2 vena cava filters in an open, randomized study of 30 patients. Received: 5 November 2001/Accepted: 30 November 2001     

华法林在我国治疗静脉血栓栓塞性疾病的最优抗凝区间

目的 前瞻性研究我国静脉血栓栓塞性疾病(VTE)患者不同华法林抗凝强度区间的出血率和VTE复发率及寻找最优国际标准化比值(INR)区间.方法 将2006年10月至2007年7月间安贞医院收治的180例VTE患者作为研究对象,随机分成A、B、C 3组,每组各60例,分别对应INR目标区问是1.50～1.99(低强度抗凝组)、2.00～2.50(中等强度抗凝组)及2.51～3.00(高强度抗凝组).INR稳定在目标区间2周以上后,开始正式观察每组大、中、小量出血率及VTE复发率.研究者及观察对象均遵循盲法原则.结果 低强度组与中高强度组的复发率分别为8.3%、1.7%(P=0.042).低、中、高强度抗凝3组间少量出血率分别为8.3%、18.3%及6.7%(P=0.089);低与中高强度组中量出血率分别为3.3%、7.5%(P=0.341);低与中高强度组大量出血率分别为0%、3.3%(P=0.303).62岁以上人群,中低强度组大出血(1例)与高强度组(3例)相比(即INR从1.5～2.5增加到2.51～3.00),危险比为12.600(95%可信区间为1.183～134.238).结论 对于一般中国人.华法林抗凝INR在2.0～3.0之间既能减少VTE复发风险又不增加出血风险,故INR应推荐在2.0～3.0之间.对于年龄62岁以上的高龄人群,INR应推荐在2.0～2.5之间.     

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in a patient with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired chronic hemolytic anemia associated with an unusual susceptibility to hemolytic crisis, infection, and venous thrombosis which would be aggravated by a number of factors including surgery. We report a case of PNH undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and discuss the corresponding perioperative management.     

粉防己碱与牛磺酸合用对血小板聚集与血栓形成的影响

粉防己碱（Ｔｅｔ）和牛磺酸（Ｔａｕ）均能抑制ＡＤＰ、胶原和凝血酶诱导的大鼠血小板聚集及血栓形成。Ｔｅｔ抑制ＡＤＰ诱导聚集较强，Ｔａｕ则对胶原作用最明显，二药减半量合并应用时，较各药单用强     

全植入式药泵行肝血管灌注治疗晚期肝癌

对２４例不能切除的晚期肝癌采用完全植入式药泵行肝动脉和门静脉双灌注化疗。结果：部分缓解（ＰＲ）１５例（６２．５％），稳定（Ｓ）８例（３３．３％），进展（Ｐ）１例。平均生存期为９．１７月，半年生存率为６６．７％，１年为２５％。在ＡＦＰ＞４００μｇ／Ｌ的１０例中，５例下降。     

下腔静脉滤器在治疗下肢深静脉血栓中的应用

目的：探讨下腔静脉滤器在治疗下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)中的应用价值。方法：选择10例DVT患，使用进口铁质滤器，经股静脉或颈静脉途径置人下腔静脉，随访8—20个月。结果：10例患中无一例发生肺动脉栓塞和其他严重并发症。结论：下腔静脉滤器置人方法简单，安全；可有效防止肺动脉栓塞的发生。     

李辅仁治疗老年脑部疾患的经验

治疗脑出血,急症抢救期先以安宫牛黄丸之类芳香开窍醒脑,并予以止血,待神志清醒,血压稳定后,再施以补气活血、化瘀通络、平肝潜阳之法,脑血栓亦先开窍醒脑,后用自拟安脑化瘀汤以安脑通络、活血化瘀治之;老年性痴呆则以滋补肝肾、填精健脑为主,佐平肝活血、醒脑开窍为辅,药用自拟醒脑复聪汤;蛛网膜下腔出血以清脑醒神、镇痉熄风为治,药用自拟清脑熄风汤。     

肝移植术后肝动脉血栓形成的治疗方法探讨

目的探讨肝移植术后肝动脉血栓形成的治疗方法。方法回顾性分析我院自2001年11月至2005年1月收治肝移植术后肝动脉血栓形成患者14例,分别采用动脉溶栓、血管支架植入、高压氧治疗及再次肝移植治疗。结果动脉溶栓11例,成功率45.5%(5/11),2例随访12个月肝功能正常,另3例均于随访期死亡,其中2例因吻合口狭窄曾行血管支架植入术。高压氧治疗3例,随访7个月,临床效果较好。急诊再次肝移植2例,术后均死于多器官功能衰竭。结论肝移植术后肝动脉血栓形成,动脉溶栓及血管支架植入治疗存在局限性,高压氧治疗效果良好,可与其他保守治疗联合使用,应避免急诊再次肝移植。     

Histamine differentially interacts with tumor necrosis factor-α and thrombin in endothelial tissue factor induction: the role of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase

BACKGROUND: Histamine plays an important role in vascular disease. Tissue factor (TF) expression is induced in vascular inflammation and acute coronary syndromes. OBJECTIVES: This study examined the effect of histamine on tumor necrosis factor-alpha- (TNF-alpha-) vs. thrombin-induced endothelial TF expression. METHODS AND RESULTS: Histamine (10(-8)-10(-5) mol L-1), TNF-alpha (5 ng mL-1), and thrombin (1 U mL-1) induced TF expression in human endothelial cells. Although TF expression by TNF-alpha and thrombin was identical, histamine augmented TNF-alpha-induced expression 7.0-fold, but thrombin-induced expression only 2.6-fold. Similar responses occurred with TF activity. The H1-receptor antagonist mepyramine abrogated these effects. Differential augmentation by histamine was also observed at the mRNA level. Histamine-induced p38 activation preceded a weak second activation to both TNF-alpha and thrombin. Histamine-induced c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) activation was followed by a strong second activation to TNF-alpha, and less to thrombin. Selective inhibition of this second JNK activation by SP600125 reduced TF induction to histamine plus TNF-alpha by 67%, but to histamine plus thrombin by only 32%. Histamine augmented TNF-alpha- and thrombin-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) expression to a similar extent. Consistent with this observation, VCAM-1 induction to TNF-alpha and thrombin was mediated by p38, but not by JNK. CONCLUSIONS: Histamine differentially augments TNF-alpha- vs. thrombin-induced TF expression and activity, which is mediated by the H1-receptor, occurs at the mRNA level, and is related to differential JNK activation.