Simultaneous occurrence of subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: A systematic review of cases

Although the leading causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are aneurysm rupture and arteriovenous malformations, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) can, in rare cases, be associated with SAH. This phenomenon is an uncommon presentation, with less than a hundred cases reported based on our review of the literature. The purpose of this review is to highlight what is known regarding these cases, how they are managed and to highlight the need for further studies that will serve as a basis for the development of a standard management guideline across board. The following databases were searched: PubMed and Ovid Embase. A complementary search of Google Scholar and AJOL was done. Gray literature search was also conducted on the Google search engine for any additional relevant papers. We were able to extract data regarding 33 cases from 29 identified studies. The mean age was 46.6 ± 14.08. 17 (51.5%) of the cases were female, and the female‐to‐male ratio is 1.1:1. Headache was by far the commonest symptom, occurring in 82% of cases followed by seizures in 42% of cases. Four patients (12%) had loss of consciousness while 5 patients (15%) had some form of focal neurologic deficit. Twenty patients had cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in at least two different sinuses. The superior sagittal sinus was the most common location for CVSTs (79%), followed by the transverse sinus (57.5%). Twenty‐nine cases (89%) were managed with anticoagulation alone and one case had a mechanical thrombectomy. We have performed a comprehensive review of cases that had the simultaneous occurrence of SAH and CVST and have identified their peculiarities and the challenges to management. Further research is needed in order to identify a causal relationship and to serve as a basis for the development of a standard management guideline across the board.     

加速康复外科理念在胰十二指肠切除术围手术期的应用

目的 观察加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)措施在胰十二指肠切除术围手术期应用的效果,总结在ERAS指导下的围手术期多模式镇痛、营养干预、呼吸道管理、血栓预防等护理措施对患者术后康复的影响.方法 回顾性分析温州医科大学附属第一医院2019年5月到2020年7月肝胆外...     

门静脉高压症术后门静脉血栓形成的危险因素分析

目的：探讨门静脉高压症术后门静血栓形成(Portal vein thrombosis,PVT)的危险因素。方法：回顾性分析我院2006年1月至2010年12月行门体断流术的153例肝硬化门静脉高压症患者的临床资料,所有患者根据门静脉是否形成血栓分为两组,对患者年龄、性别、术前有无呕血、手术时间、术中失血量、门静脉直径、术前及术后门静脉血流速度、血小板计数、凝血酶原时间等相关因素进行单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果：门静脉高压症患者术后PVT率为18.30%(28/153),与无血栓组比较,血栓组患者术中失血量明显多于无血栓组(P＜0.05),门静脉直径增宽明显(P＜0.05),门静脉血流速度显著下降(P＜0.05),血小板计数显著增多(P＜0.05)。多因素分析显示门静脉直径、术后门静脉血流速度是PVT的独立危险因素。结论：门静脉直径增宽和门静脉血流速度降低是门体断流术后PVT的主要原因。     

可溶性P-选择素对肝硬化门静脉高压术后门静脉血栓形成的影响

目的探讨可溶性P-选择素对肝硬化门静脉高压症术后门静脉血栓形成的影响。方法检测乙肝肝硬化患者在门静脉高压症围手术期血小板的数量及反映血小板功能的可溶性P-选择素水平的动态变化,比较其在有门静脉血栓形成组患者及无血栓形成组患者间的差异。结果血栓形成组患者及无血栓形成组患者间,血小板数量无显著差异,而可溶性P-选择素水平在术后第4～6天有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论乙肝肝硬化患者在行门静脉高压症手术后,血小板功能的变化对门静脉血栓形成可能起着重要的作用。     

全凭静脉麻醉下过度通气对颈内静脉血氧饱和度的影响

目的评价神经外科患者全凭静脉麻醉下不同PETCO2水平对颈内静脉血氧饱和度(SjvO2)的影响。方法择期行幕上颅内肿瘤切除术患者12例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,全凭静脉麻醉下根据计算机产生的随机表,按随机顺序将PETCO2分别控制到如下水平:25、35、45mmHg;稳定10min后同时取动脉血和颈静脉球部血进行血气分析,并同时记录MAP、HR、食管温度(TESO)、脑电双频指数(BIS)等参数。结果PETCO2为25、35和45mmHg时,SjvO2分别为(53.7±2.5)%、(69.3±3.8)%和(81.8±2.0)%,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论神经外科患者全凭静脉麻醉下随着PCO的降低,SjvO也明显下降。     

硬化剂治疗口腔颌面部静脉畸形疗效的对比研究

目的:评价平阳霉素(PYM)单独使用或联合鱼肝油酸钠(SM)和地塞米松(DXM)瘤内注射治疗口腔颌面部静脉畸形的疗效和安全性。方法:选择100例口腔颌面部静脉畸形患者,随机分为两组。PYM组50例瘤腔内单独注射PYM;联合用药组50例,用DXM 5 mg/ml加2%利多卡因4ml瘤内注射,尔后再据年龄、瘤体大小,局部情况注射0.5～2.0mlSM。均5～7d注射1次,3～5次为一个疗程。分析其疗效和安全性。结果:治疗后经6～48个月随访。PYM组有效率84.0%,联合用药组有效率96.0%。明显高于PYM组(P<0.05)。PYM组有5例(10.0%)出现发热,联合用药组无发热病例(P<0.05)。结论:PYM、DXM、SM联合注射治疗口腔颌面部静脉畸形,具有疗程短、不良反应小等优点,是一种安全、可靠、简便的治疗方法,其疗效优于PYM单独瘤内注射治疗。     

外伤性血气胸中心静脉导管置管引流术的护理

目的 探讨中心静脉导管胸腔闭式引流术在外伤性血气胸患者的临床疗效及护理体会.方法 对62例外伤性血气胸的患者采用中心静脉导管胸腔闭式引流法治疗血气胸,护理并观察患者疗效及并发症.结果 本组病例患者疼痛少,引流口创伤小、愈合佳,血气胸吸收满意.结论 中心静脉导管胸腔闭式引流术对外伤性血气胸的治疗有积极的作用,可减轻患者的痛苦,利于血气胸吸收,缩短住院时间,值得临床推广.     

各种深静脉置管感染的原因分析及干预措施

目的：分析各种深静脉置管感染相关因素,探讨干预措施。方法：对580例深静脉置管患者从年龄、体质、置管环境、置管部位、留置深度、留置时间、维护、临床观察等方面进行监测与分析。结果？ 580例深静脉置管患者,发生感染者35例,感染率为4.66%,CVC（中心静脉置管：锁骨下静脉、颈内静脉、颈外静脉、股静脉）感染率为4.83%,PICC（经外周中心静脉置管）感染率为1.21%;急诊置管感染率为3.96%,择期置管感染率为2.07%;恶性肿瘤患者置管感染率为5.52%,其他患者置管感染率为0.51%;病室内置管感染率为4.67%,穿刺室内置管感染率为1.37%.结论各种深静脉置管感染的发生与置管部位、置管时期、机体免疫功能、无菌操作环境等因素密切相关。在临床工作中采取相应的干预措施,可有效预防各种静脉导管感染的发生,保证患者安全,控制医院感染。