The influence of venous thromboembolism on quality of life and severity of chronic venous disease.

BACKGROUND: It is not known whether burden-of-illness differs in chronic venous disease patients with prior venous thromboembolism compared with patients with other forms of chronic venous disease. OBJECTIVE: To compare severity of disease and quality of life in chronic venous disease patients with and without prior venous thromboembolism. PATIENTS and METHODS: The VEINES Study population is an international cohort of 1531 outpatients with chronic venous disease in Belgium, France, Italy and Canada. Clinical severity of chronic venous disease graded using the seven-category 'CEAP' scale, and quality of life using standardized generic (SF-36) and venous disease-specific (VEINES-QOL/Sym) questionnaires were compared in patients with and without venous thromboembolism. Multivariable analyses with adjustment for known confounders were used to examine associations between venous thromboembolism and quality of life. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-one (10%) patients had prior venous thromboembolism. These patients had more severe chronic venous disease than those without venous thromboembolism (P <0.0001), including a higher frequency of healed or active ulcers (29% vs. 7%, respectively). Multivariable analyses controlling for age, sex, country, education, body mass index, years of chronic venous disease and comorbid conditions demonstrated that prior venous thromboembolism was an independent predictor of poorer generic quality of life (SF-36 Mental Component Summary score, P=0.047; SF-36 Physical Component Summary score, P=0.012) and venous disease-specific quality of life (VEINES-QOL, P = 0.0002; VEINES-Sym, P=0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Disease severity is worse and quality of life poorer in chronic venous disease patients with prior venous thromboembolism compared with patients with other forms of chronic venous disease. Our findings support the need for further research of interventions to prevent and treat the long-term complications of venous thromboembolism.     

埋入式给药装置动态监测肝癌术后门静脉压力的护理

经埋入式给药装置(i mplantable drug deliverysystem,IDDS)途径治疗中晚期恶性肿瘤已成为我国肿瘤临床治疗研究的重点和热点[1]。我院2002年10月-2006年2月采用经IDDS对31例肝癌术后患者进行动态监测门静脉压力的变化,现报道如下。临床资料1.一般资料。31例均为原发性肝癌手术     

骨折后深静脉血栓形成患者的内源性抗凝能力评价

目的观察骨折后下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)患者的内源性抗凝能力及其在DVT形成中的作用。方法选择北京积水潭医院骨折后下肢DVT患者95例作为DVT组,体检健康者100例作为健康人对照组。收集患者术后第3天枸橼酸钠抗凝血浆标本,检测纤维蛋白降解产物(FDP)和D-二聚体(DD);用Thrombopath发色底物显色法检测内源性抗凝能力指标Protac凝血抑制率(PICI);收集患者血清检测高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)。结果 DVT组FDP、DD均高于健康人对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.01),DVT组PICI(%)低于健康人对照组(82.8±7.2 vs 87.8±3.6,P0.01);DVT组≥65岁患者较65岁患者PICI下降约4.8%(P0.05);当PICI的cut-off值为84.2%时,卡方检验显示,DVT与健康人对照组PICI阳性率差异有统计学意义(P0.01);相关性分析显示PICI与FDP、DD呈负相关,与HDL-C呈正相关(r分别为-0.318、-0.336和0.284,P均0.01);Logistic回归分析显示PICI是静脉血栓的危险因素,OR值为1.243(P0.01)。结论骨折后血栓患者的内源性抗凝能力降低。     

Fixed-dose low-molecular-weight heparin for secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with disseminated cancer: a prospective cohort study.

INTRODUCTION: Secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) with vitamin K antagonists is often problematic in patients with cancer. We prospectively evaluated the effectiveness and safety of long-term subcutaneous dalteparin in a series of consecutive patients with symptomatic VTE and metastatic cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS : The study included 203 patients, aged 36-96 years. The initial treatment consisted of a 7-day course of subcutaneous dalteparin according to body weight. Then, patients received a fixed dose of 10 000 IU dalteparin once daily for at least 3 months. In patients developing transient thrombocytopenia the dose was reduced to 5000 IU daily while the platelet count remained <50,000; and to 2500 IU daily while it remained <10 000. Patients undergoing any surgical intervention during the study were put on 5000 IU daily during the first 4 days, switching thereafter to 10,000 IU. Patients undergoing any other invasive procedure (i.e. biopsies, punctures) received a 5000 IU dose the same day, instead of 10 000 IU. RESULTS: Eleven patients (5.4%) developed major bleeding complications (6 fatal) during the 3-month study period, and 18 patients (8.9%) developed VTE recurrences (2 patients died). There were no higher complication rates in patients with either liver or brain metastases, nor during thrombocytopenia, surgery or invasive procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Fixed dose 10,000 IU subcutaneous dalteparin once daily for 3 months was not associated with more complications in patients with liver or brain metastases. The dose adjustment for patients with thrombocytopenia, surgery or invasive procedures was safe too.     

不同体位彩色多普勒血流显像检测下肢静脉瓣功能不全的研究

目的：本研究应用彩超对下肢静脉瓣功能不全的患者行卧位及站立位检查，通过比较两种检查方法超声参数的差异，确定彩超检查下肢静脉瓣功能不全的最佳检查体位。方法：通过彩色多普勒超声对试验组25例患者的39条患肢与正常组10例的12条健康下肢均采用卧位及站立位检查，大隐静脉、股总静脉、股浅静脉用Valsalva运动诱导返流，腘静脉用挤压法诱导返流；对比观察不同体位每一下肢的返流时间、总返流时间、返流峰值流速、总的返流峰值速度、每一肢体总的返流节段数、静脉管径等参数。结果：正常组无论卧位及站立位所有节段返流时间<0.5s，无返流。病例组站立位与卧位下肢静脉返流节段数的比较，二者的差异无统计学意义；卧位总返流时间比较，二者差异有统计学意义；总返流速度的比较；二者差异无统计学意义；病例组与正常组卧位及站立位GSV、CFV、SFV、POPV管径比较，差异有统计学意义。结论：对静脉瓣功能不全的超声检查两种体位均可采用，卧位检查医生操作更方便，而对于年老体弱、不能久站者，卧位检查则应为首选。     

深静脉置管在白血病化疗中的应用与护理进展

对经外周静脉穿刺中心静脉置管、锁骨下静脉插管及植入式静脉输液港在白血病病人化疗应用中的优缺点及护理方法进行综述,为广大护理工作者在进行该项操作中提供参考。     

深静脉血栓形成患者个案管理模式的建立与实践

目的 建立并实践院内发生深静脉血栓形成患者的个案管理模式。方法 选拔并培训深静脉血栓个案管理师,成立个案管理多学科团队,建立院内发生深静脉血栓形成上报流程,制定入案标准并筛选个案管理对象,编制深静脉血栓健康指导手册及个案管理档案,以及实施院内发生深静脉血栓形成患者的个案管理流程。结果 2019年1—6月顺利结案20例,均未出现深静脉血栓形成相关的临床症状,19例患者抗凝治疗依从性好,1例鼻腔出血,经个案管理师指导,复查凝血指标,与多学科团队沟通,减少了抗凝药物剂量,避免了严重出血事件的发生。持续随访率为100%。结论 通过探索并实施院内发生深静脉血栓形成患者的个案管理模式,可确保为患者提供科学、精准、专业化的护理服务,加强患者的自我管理,促使静脉血栓护理专科向前发展。     

中心静脉导管堵塞原因及对策

随着护理技术水平的发展,中心静脉导管在临床上得到广泛推广和应用,但在应用过程中常由于各种原因发生导管堵塞,现从中心静脉导管堵塞的原因、危险因素的评估及针对性的护理对策3方面进行综述。     

Incidence and mortality of venous thrombosis: a population-based study

Background: Estimates of the incidence of venous thrombosis (VT) vary, and data on mortality are limited. Objectives: We estimated the incidence and mortality of a first VT event in a general population. Methods: From the residents of Nord‐Trøndelag county in Norway aged 20 years and older (n = 94 194), we identified all cases with an objectively verified diagnosis of VT that occurred between 1995 and 2001. Patients and diagnosis characteristics were retrieved from medical records. Results: Seven hundred and forty patients were identified with a first diagnosis of VT during 516 405 person‐years of follow‐up. The incidence rate for all first VT events was 1.43 per 1000 person‐years [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.33–1.54], that for deep‐vein thrombosis (DVT) was 0.93 per 1000 person‐years (95% CI: 0.85–1.02), and that for pulmonary embolism (PE) was 0.50 per 1000 person‐years (95% CI: 0.44–0.56). The incidence rates increased exponentially with age, and were slightly higher in women than in men. The 30‐day case‐fatality rate was higher in patients with PE than in those with DVT [9.7% vs. 4.6%, risk ratio 2.1 (95% CI: 1.2–3.7)]; it was also higher in patients with cancer than in patients without cancer [19.1% vs. 3.6%, risk ratio 3.8 (95% CI 1.6–9.2)]. The risk of dying was highest in the first months subsequent to the VT, after which it gradually approached the mortality rate in the general population. Conclusions: This study provides estimates of incidence and mortality of a first VT event in the general population.