2019—2021年复旦大学附属妇产科医院低分子肝素的使用合理性分析

目的 分析2019—2021年复旦大学附属妇产科医院住院患者低分子肝素的使用情况，并评价其合理性，为妇产科低分子肝素合理性使用提供数据资料。方法 采用回顾性研究方法，从复旦大学附属妇产科医院住院医院信息系统（HIS）中查询2019年1月—2021年12月使用低分子肝素的病史信息，包含患者年龄、科室、出入院诊断、手术名称、药品名称及规格、使用频次、单次剂量和给药途径等。结果 2019—2021年使用低分子肝素的患者共54 138例，其中产科14 068例，妇科40 070例。产科年龄分布在19～35岁，妇科年龄分布在41～60岁。诊断为静脉血栓栓塞的患者共102例，妇科患者居多，占比90.20%。预防用药方面，产科剖宫产患者居多，占比63.25%；妇科为手术患者，占比98.06%，妇科恶性肿瘤的患者占比26.28%。产科及妇科患者预防用药和治疗性用药疗程主要集中在1～7 d，不合理的用法用量主要表现为给药途径不合理、单次剂量超限和给药频次不合理等，共64例，占比0.12%。结论 2019—2021年复旦大学附属妇产科医院低分子肝素的使用以预防使用为主。产科以剖宫产患者为主，妇科以手术患者为主，用法用量基本合理。     

Effects of traditional herbal medicine, Hwaotang, on atherosclerosis using the spontaneous familial hypercholesterolemia model, Kurosawa and Kusanagi-hypercholesterolemic rabbits and the venous thrombosis rats

Hwaotang (HOT), a traditional Korean medicinal formulation, is a dried decoctum of a mixture of seven herbal medicines, consisting of Angelica gigantis Radix, Rehmanniae Radix, Paeoniae Radix, Ciniamomi Cortex, Cnidii Rhizoma, Persicae Semen and Carthami Flos. In the present study, the inhibitory effects and anti thrombic properties of HOT on the progression of atherosclerotic lesions were studied using the spontaneous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) model, Kurosawa and Kusanagi-hypercholesterolemic (KHC) rabbits and rats. Changes in blood chemistry, pathology and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation were measured in a control and HOT group. In the control group, the area of atheromatous plaques of the aorta progressed between week 12 (36.65%) and week 14 (46.22%). This progression of atherosclerotic lesions did not occur in the HOT-treated group after 12 (24.24%) and 14 (23.34%) weeks. Antioxidative effects on LDL were seen in the HOT in weeks 12 and 14. HOT improved the hypercholesterolemia in the KHC rabbits. On the other hand, HOT and five of the seven herbs, except Cnidii Rhizoma and Carthami Flos, inhibited the endotoxin-induced hepatic venous thrombosis in high cholesterol diet-treated rats. However, Ciniamomi Cortex showed a very weak inhibitory effect on the endotoxin-induced hepatic venous thrombosis. The extract also inhibited the endotoxin-induced decrease in blood platelets and fibrinogen, and endotoxin-induced increase in fibrin degradation products (FDP) on disseminated intravascular coagulation in normal rats. In conclusion, these results suggest that HOT has inhibitory effects on the development of atheromatous plaque formation in spontaneous FH rabbits. It is also suggested that the antioxidative effects of HOT on LDL led to the beneficial effects observed in this study. The protection by HOT and its herbs on the artificially induced ischemic infarction might be related to their inhibitory effects on disseminated intravascular coagulation, platelet coagulation and thrombotic action.     

Significant decrease in plasmad‐dimer levels and mean platelet volume after a 3‐month treatment with rosuvastatin in patients with venous thromboembolism

BackgroundInflammation has been considered as a possible mechanism for the initiation and recurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Statins have anti‐inflammatory and potential immune‐modulatory effects, but their effect on plasmad‐dimer levels is controversial.HypothesisIn this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of rosuvastatin on D‐dimer and other inflammatory serum markers in VTE patients.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, randomized study on 228 patients with VTE. Control group received conventional treatment (warfarin or rivaroxaban), whereas rosuvastatin‐intervention group received rosuvastatin 10 mg daily, in addition to their conventional treatment for 3 months. Serum markers were extracted from both groups at the baseline and 3 months after the beginning of treatment.ResultsAfter 3 months, in patients of the intervention group, there was a statistically significant decrease in levels ofd‐dimer and mean platelet volume (MPV) but no significant change in neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio.ConclusionsOur results showed that a 3‐month treatment with 10 mg rosuvastatin daily can significantly decrease the plasma levels ofd‐dimer and MPV, which would support a potential role of statins to reduce activated systemic inflammation among VTE patients. Such effects can be used to reduce the rate of recurrent VTE in these patients.     

1598例经颈内静脉带隧道中心静脉导管置入术分析

目的 探讨颈内静脉入路的带隧道中心静脉导管置管准确性和安全性的影响因素. 方法 回顾性分析2011年～2019年行颈内静脉带隧道中心静脉导管置入术的病例资料.收集人口学资料,手术相关资料,包括置管位置,是否用X线,置管失败原因,介入干预情况,干预失败原因等.研究主要终点是置管成功率和失败原因. 结果 1598例患者纳入...     

跨窦骨瓣开颅术治疗骑跨静脉窦硬膜外血肿

目的 探讨骑跨静脉窦硬膜外血肿的手术治疗策略及疗效.方法 对43例骑跨静脉窦硬膜外血肿病例的临床资料、手术方式和预后进行回顾性分析.43例患者均采用跨窦骨瓣开颅,骨瓣复位,窦旁(周)硬脑膜悬吊于骨瓣相应位置的骨孔上.结果 43例术后第3、6天头部CT扫描显示血肿无复发、无残留,骨瓣无移位.出院时GOS预后评分:术后死亡1例,重度残疾1例,中度残疾2例,恢复良好39例.结论 跨窦骨瓣开颅术是治疗骑跨静脉窦硬膜外血肿的一种安全而且有效的方法.     

复合手术在治疗颅颈交接区硬脊膜动静脉瘘中的应用（附2例病例报道）

目的探讨复合手术在颅颈交界区硬脊膜动静脉瘘(CCJ-DAVF)手术中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2例在复合手术室手术治疗的CCJ-DAVF患者临床资料,并进行文献回顾。用改良Rankin评分(mRS)评价治疗效果,术后随访1～6个月。结果 2例均以蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)起病,术中均准确地找到瘘口并将其切断,即刻血管造影显示瘘口均完全消失。术中血管造影和图像融合时间分别为35 min,25 min,所有患者均未发生造影相关并发症,mRS评分分别为0分,1分。结论复合手术便于判断瘘口位置,确保瘘口全部闭塞,是一项安全、有效的技术。     

产前超声在诊断胎儿完全性肺静脉异位引流中的应用

目的 探讨胎儿完全性肺静脉异位引流(TAPVC)的超声诊断特征,提高产前诊断率。 方法 回顾性分析2013年5月至2016年12月于无锡市妇幼保健院产前超声心动图检查中发现并部分经产后超声心动图或引产后尸检随访证实的12例TAPVC胎儿的声像图特点及临床指导意义。 结果 超声诊断11例TAPVC胎儿中,心上型5例,心下型2例,心内型3例,混合型1例。产前超声漏诊1例,产后诊断为心内型TAPVC。4例为单纯性TAPVC,8例合并复杂性先心病或心外其他畸形。典型二维超声表现为:胎儿四腔心观右房稍大于左房,左房后壁光滑,无肺静脉开口,左房与降主动脉间距离增大,于左房后方见共同肺静脉干,追踪共同肺静脉干走形可显示垂直静脉及引流途径。     

彩色多普勒超声对下肢深静脉血栓的诊断价值

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声对下肢深静脉血栓的应用价值.方法 应用彩色多普勒超声对136例下肢深静脉血栓的患者进行检测,观测患肢静脉管径、受累部位,观察声像图及彩色多普勒的血流特征.结果 急性血栓患者静脉管径增宽,内有不规则低回声.彩色多普勒显示完全阻塞者无血流通过;不完全阻塞者为充盈缺损,血流缓慢.经溶栓等系列治疗后,血流逐渐恢复.慢性血栓显示回声较高,治疗后范围缩小,时间较长.结论 彩色多普勒超声对诊断下肢深静脉血栓及疗效的评价有重要意义,且重复性好、可靠性高.     

预防PICC术后深静脉血栓形成的最佳握拳运动

目的 探讨不同握拳频次对经外周静脉置人中心静脉导管(PICC)术后上肢深静脉血栓形成(UEDVT)的预防效果.方法 将120例PICC患者随机均分为实验1组(A1组,每天3组握拳运动)、实验2组(A2组,每天6组握拳运动)和对照组(C组).置管后第1、2、3、21天,用彩色多普勒超声检测腋静脉最大血液流速(Vmax)、单位时间平均血液流速(TMFV)以及血栓形成情况.结果 与C组相比,A1、A2组置管21 d后的Vmax、TMFV增加,血栓发生率降低(P＜0.05).A1组和A2组血液流速及血栓发生率均无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 PICC患者置管后应尽早做握拳运动,每天至少3组握拳,从而减少血液瘀滞,预防UEDVT的发生.