小儿腺样体肥大与分泌性中耳炎的关系

目的探讨小儿腺样体肥大与分泌性中耳炎的关系。方法总结2005年1月~2006年12月住院的62例腺样体肥大并发104侧患分泌性中耳炎的患儿。按病程将患儿分为3组,观察其手术前后鼓室图的变化。结果第1组(病程3个月~1年)手术有效率为100%;第2组(病程1年~2年)手术有效率为90.63%;第3组(病程2年~3年)手术有效率为68.75%。结论小儿分泌性中耳炎的转归与腺样体肥大的病程有关,病程愈长,分泌性中耳炎愈顽固。     

Extraction of transvenous pacing and ICD leads

The emergence of pacing and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator ( ICD) systems, along with expanding indications of these devices (e.g., cardiac resynchronization therapy and sudden cardiac death prevention), increasing infection rates, and device recalls have created the need for removing and upgrading these systems due to various reasons. Removing the pulse generator of a system is generally uncomplicated. Chronically implanted transvenous leads, however, adhere to the venous endothelium and endocardial tissues over time due to fibrosis. Removal of such leads can be a significantly complex procedure requiring tools and techniques that free the lead at fibrotic binding sites. In this article, the state-of-the-art tools and techniques that provide a systematic approach to consistently and safely extract these devices will be reviewed.     

Wet phases in the Sahara/Sahel region and human migration patterns in North Africa

The carbon isotopic composition of individual plant leaf waxes (a proxy for C₃ vs. C₄ vegetation) in a marine sediment core collected from beneath the plume of Sahara-derived dust in northwest Africa reveals three periods during the past 192,000 years when the central Sahara/Sahel contained C₃ plants (likely trees), indicating substantially wetter conditions than at present. Our data suggest that variability in the strength of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is a main control on vegetation distribution in central North Africa, and we note expansions of C₃ vegetation during the African Humid Period (early Holocene) and within Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 (≈50–45 ka) and MIS 5 (≈120–110 ka). The wet periods within MIS 3 and 5 coincide with major human migration events out of sub-Saharan Africa. Our results thus suggest that changes in AMOC influenced North African climate and, at times, contributed to amenable conditions in the central Sahara/Sahel, allowing humans to cross this otherwise inhospitable region.     

Evaluated fate and effects of atrazine and lambda-cyhalothrin in vegetated and unvegetated microcosms

Contaminants such as nutrients, metals, and pesticides can interact with constructed wetlands and existing drainage ditches used as agricultural best-management practices. Our research has shown that the presence of macrophytes and a hydrologic regime aid in the transfer and transformation of pesticides associated with agricultural runoff. This study consisted of application of both atrazine (triazine herbicide) and lambda-cyhalothrin (pyrethroid insecticide) to vegetated and unvegetated microcosms in order to measure the fate and effects of pesticides applied at suggested field application rates. Exposures focused on monocultures of Ludwigia peploides (water primrose) and Juncus effusus (soft rush). Pesticide sorption was evident through concentrations of atrazine and lambda-cyhalothrin in plant tissue as high as 2461.4 and 86.50 microg/kg, respectively. Toxicity was measured in water from unvegetated microcosms for 28 days and in Chironomus tentans (midge larvae) exposed to sediment collected from 3 h to 56 days in microcosms receiving the pesticide combination. The comparative survival of test organisms in this study suggests that effective mitigation of pesticides from runoff can depend on the macrophyte contact and vegetative attributes associated with ditches.     

鼻内窥镜直视下腺样体切除术46例分析

目的 探讨鼻内镜下经鼻腺样体切除术的疗效和优点。方法 在鼻内镜下对4-16岁的腺样体肥大患者经鼻行腺样体切除术46例．治疗由腺样体肥大引起的睡眠呼吸障碍、慢性鼻窦炎、鼻阻塞和咽鼓管功能障碍等，并进行随访。结果 术后腺样体切除彻底，无残体存留，鼻咽部结构显示良好，无出血、咽鼓管损伤等并发症，随访1～3年，病人睡眠打鼾、鼻阻塞、流脓涕及头痛等症状消失。结论 鼻内镜下腺样体肥大切除手术能在直视下进行，增加了手术的安全性和准确性，手术疗效显著，并发症少。     

The spatial distribution of ross river virus infections in Brisbane: Significance of residential location and relationships with vegetation types

For the study area of Brisbane City (population 800,000), Australia, 2160 cases of Ross River virus (RRv) infections from the years 1991 to 1996 were geocoded. Their spatial distribution was investigated using census data at the suburb level (162 units). Infection rates have been calculated and adjusted to the age distribution within each suburb. Signed chi-square tests showed that a large number of suburbs has significantly high or low infection rates. Using Principal Component Factor analysis and regression, a relationship was shown between the proportion of wetlands and bushland in a suburb and the infection rate of RRv. Although flight ranges of up to 50 km have been reported for the major vector speciesAedes vigilax (Skuse), this study indicated that RRv infection risk is significantly high relatively close to mosquito habitats. There were significant differences in the infection rate of RRv between years, however the spatial associations did not appear to differ.     

Pathological and biochemical study in the adenoid of mucopolysaccharidosis II

In the patients with mucopolysaccharidosis II (MPS II, Hunter's syndrome), conductive and sensorineural hearing deficits are frequently observed. Two patients with MPS II underwent adenoidectomy and an ear douche, and their conductive hearing loss recovered after the surgery. Pathological examination of the adenoids revealed the infiltration of faintly PAS-positive plasmacytes with perinuclear vacuole and strongly Alcian-blue positive fibrotic area. Biochemical study was performed by chromatoscanning of electropholesis. The amount of glycosaminoglicans (GAG) in the specimens was increased 2.8-fold compared with the normal control. The electropholetic pattern showed an increase of dermatan sulfate (DS), heparan sulfate (HS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) in the adenoids of the patients. The ratio of DS to HS was 1.1–1.2. In the patients of MPS II, the accumulation of GAG occurs in the pharyngeal tonsil and causes conductive hearing impairment. We recommend adenoidectomy for such patients.     

小儿分泌性中耳炎与腺样体肥大

目的探讨小儿分泌性中耳炎与腺样体肥大的关系.方法回顾性分析1988～2001年我院施行扁桃体及腺样体联合切除术患儿116例,其中患分泌性中耳炎37例(31.9%),共52侧.结果术后37例分泌性中耳炎均治愈,随访期间仅2例复发.结论分泌性中耳炎伴扁桃体及腺样体肥大者,应考虑联合切除术,以利咽鼓管功能恢复.     

边坡绿化植被单体对污染水的消减

以宜昌绿野环保工程有限责任公司开发的植被边坡绿化单体为研究对象，选定单体空白和对流经植被单体前后典型污染水水质物理和化学指标（TN，TP，CODcr，BOD5，Cr^6＋，挥发酚类化合物）进行分析测定。结果表明，植被单体对重金属离子，有机污染物及富营养化TN、TP主要指标均具有消减作用。其对TN、TP、Cr^6＋、COD、挥发酚类化合物、BOD5消减分别为33％、21．6％、20％、30．7％、19．0％和51．4％。