磁共振血管壁成像在颅内动脉瘤诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨高分辨磁共振血管壁成像（magnetic resonance vascular wall imaging,MR-VWI）对颅内动脉瘤（intracranial aneurysm,IA）的诊断价值。方法 选取2020年1月—2021年2月本院收治的动脉瘤患者共58例（70个瘤体）,依据动脉瘤破裂与否将其分为A组（破裂,10个瘤体）及B组（未破裂,60个瘤体）,同时再将B组依据患者是否存在症状分为B1（有症状12个）及B2（无症状48个）。所有入组患者均经MR-VWI进行检查,对比观察各组间MR检查结果。结果 B组瘤体大小、瘤径宽度、子囊比例、高宽比及瘤径强化分级均明显低于A组患者,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）;B1组患者高宽比及瘤壁强化分级明显高于B2组患者,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。结论 使用高分辨MR血管壁成像可有效评估颅内动脉瘤破裂风险,具有无创,高效的优势,值得在临床中进一步推广使用。     

Transport Property and Spin–Orbit Torque in 2D Rashba Ferromagnetic Electron Gas

In this paper, we investigate the spin–orbit torque and transport property in a 2D Rashba ferromagnetic electron gas. The longitudinal conductivity can be divided into two parts: the first term is determined by the charge density and is independent of the spin degrees of freedom. The second term depends on the two bands that spin in the opposite directions, and it is directly proportional to spin–orbit torque regardless of the band structure and temperature. This is a general and underlying relation between the transport property and spin–orbit torque. Moreover, we show the impacts of the spin–orbit coupling constant and Fermi energy on transverse conductivity and spin–orbit torque, which is helpful for relevant experiments.     

甲状旁腺激素相关蛋白及转化生长因子β与乳腺癌的相关性研究

目的 观察乳腺癌原发肿瘤组织中甲状旁腺激素相关蛋白（PTHrP）和转化生长因子β（TGF-β）的表达情况,并探讨其与乳腺癌肿瘤生物病理学特征的相关性.方法 以免疫组化染色（Envision法）对乳腺癌及乳腺良性肿瘤标本进行检测.分析研究PTHrP及TGF-β与乳腺癌肿瘤生物病理学特征的相关性;Kaplan-Meier 方法分析患者无病生存情况;Log-Rank （Mantel-Cox）时序检验比较无病生存分布.结果 ①约60%的乳腺癌组织中存在TGF-β的阳性表达,PTHrP在90%以上的乳腺癌中表达阳性,而乳腺良性肿瘤组织PTHrP表达的阳性率很低;②TGF-β表达阳性的患者具有较高的淋巴结转移率,且组织学分级较差;③乳腺癌组织中PTHrP高表达与较大的肿瘤直径、较多的腋淋巴结转移、累及皮肤、较差的组织学分级相关;④PTHrP与乳腺癌患者术后无病生存无明显相关性;⑤TGF-β阳性表达与乳腺癌患者术后复发转移率有明显的相关性;⑥TGF-β阳性且PTHrP高表达的患者无病生存率最差,而TGF-β阴性且PTHrP高表达组的预后最好.结论 乳腺癌肿瘤组织中PTHrP和TGF-β的表达均与乳腺癌进展呈正相关.PTHrP联合TGF-β检测可能成为乳腺癌预后有意义的预测指标.     

Normative data of retinal arteriolar and venular calibre measurements determined using confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy system – Importance and implications for study of cardiometabolic disorders

Purpose:To determine and validate retinal vascular caliber measurements by using the confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy system. Retinal vasculature changes are often regarded as clinical markers for systemic disease.Methods:It was a prospective observational study conducted on 600 eyes of 300 normal subjects with no systemic or ocular illness from January 1, 2016 to June 30, 2017 in a tertiary referral eye center. Non-mydriatic infrared reflectance, blue reflectance, and blue peak blue autofluorescence fundus imaging were done on the confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy system. The dimensions of the retinal vessels were measured using inbuilt calipers at 1800 mm from the center of the optic disc. Internal and external dimensions were measured. Observer variation and its comparison using Image J software were assessed.Results:The median age was 29 years (18–50 years). Mean internal and external diameters for arterioles were 85.1 ± 12.4 mm and 105.0 ± 12.0 mm, and for venules were 133.8 ± 16.6 mm and 145.4 ± 16.1 mm, respectively. The mean internal and external wall thicknesses were 19.7 ± 8.0 mm and 11.0 ± 5.6 mm, and wall thickness-to-lumen ratios were 0.3 ± 0.1 and 0.1 ± 0.1, respectively. Arteriolar-to-venular ratio for lumen and vessel was 0.66 ± 0.1 and 0.74 ± 0.1, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between age groups. Both inter- and intra-observer reproducibility was >95%. The Bland–Altman plot showed that the difference between measurements using both confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and Image J software lies within the limits of agreement approximately 95% of the time.Conclusion:This is the first effort to develop a normative database by using a simple non-invasive confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy system with high observer reproducibility.     

Optimization of the Growth Process of Double Perovskite Pr2−δNi1−xMn1+xO6−y Epitaxial Thin Films by RF Sputtering

Epitaxial thin films of Pr_2−δNi_1−xMn_1+xO_6−y (PNMO) double perovskite were grown on (001)-oriented SrTiO₃ substrates by RF magnetron sputtering. The influence of the growth parameters (oxygen pressure, substrate temperature, and annealing treatments) on the structural, magnetic and transport properties, and stoichiometry of the films was thoroughly investigated. It is found that high-quality epitaxial, insulating, and ferromagnetic PNMO thin films can only be obtained in a narrow deposition parameter window. It is shown that a careful selection of the growth conditions allows for obtaining a high degree of Ni/Mn cation ordering, which is reflected in the values of the Curie temperature, T_C, and saturation magnetization, M_S, which are very close to those of bulk material.     

Generative Design and Integrated 3D Printing Manufacture of Cross Joints

The integrated process of design and fabrication is invariably of particular interest and important to improve the quality and reduce the production cycle for structural joints, which are key components for connecting members and transferring loads in structural systems. In this work, using the generative design method, a pioneering idea was successfully realized to attain a reasonable configuration of the cross joints, which was then consecutively manufactured using 3D printing technology. Firstly, the initial model and generation conditions of a cross joint were constructed by the machine learning-based generative design algorithm, and hundreds of models were automatically generated. Then, based on the design objective and cost index of the cross joint, three representative joints were selected for further numerical analysis to verify the advantages of generative design. Finally, 3D printing was utilized to produce generative joints; the influences of printing parameters on the quality of 3D printing are further discussed in this paper. The results show that the cross joints from the generative design method have varied and innovative configurations and the best static behaviors. 3D printing technology can enhance the accuracy of cross joint fabrication. It is viable to utilize the integrated process of generative design and 3D printing to design and manufacture cross joints.     

Current Evidence of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Ingestion on Vascular Health: A Food Science and Technology Perspective

The amino acid L-arginine is crucial for nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, an important molecule regulating vascular tone. Considering that vascular dysfunction precedes cardiovascular disease, supplementation with precursors of NO synthesis (e.g., L-arginine) is warranted. However, supplementation of L-citrulline is recommended instead of L-arginine since most L-arginine is catabolized during its course to the endothelium. Given that L-citrulline, found mainly in watermelon, can be converted to L-arginine, watermelon supplementation seems to be effective in increasing plasma L-arginine and improving vascular function. Nonetheless, there are divergent findings when investigating the effect of watermelon supplementation on vascular function, which may be explained by the L-citrulline dose in watermelon products. In some instances, offering a sufficient amount of L-citrulline can be impaired by the greater volume (>700 mL) of watermelon needed to reach a proper dose of L-citrulline. Thus, food technology can be applied to reduce the watermelon volume and make supplementation more convenient. Therefore, this narrative review aims to discuss the current evidence showing the effects of watermelon ingestion on vascular health parameters, exploring the critical relevance of food technology for acceptable L-citrulline content in these products. Watermelon-derived L-citrulline appears as a supplementation that can improve vascular function, including arterial stiffness and blood pressure. Applying food technologies to concentrate bioactive compounds in a reduced volume is warranted so that its ingestion can be more convenient, improving the adherence of those who want to ingest watermelon products daily.     

糖皮质激素对鼻息肉缺氧诱导因子-1α及血管内皮生长因子表达的影响

目的 探讨组织缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α）及血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）在鼻息肉组织中的表达及相关性, 探讨局部应用糖皮质激素类药物对鼻息肉的作用机制。方法 采用免疫组化SP法检测鼻息肉组织在应用丙酸氟替卡松鼻喷剂治疗前、后及下鼻甲HIF-1α及VEGF的表达变化。结果 鼻息肉组织中HIF-1α和VEGF的表达水平明显高于下鼻甲组织（P均＜0.01）;激素治疗后HIF-1α、VEGF表达下降(P＜0.05)。鼻息肉的发病与组织中HIF-1α、VEGF的表达呈明显正相关（r=0.627, P＜0.05）。结论 局部应用糖皮质激素可降低HIF 1α、VEGF的表达,有效治疗鼻息肉。     

儿童维生素D、钙营养与营养性维生素D缺乏性佝偻病判定与评价现状

        儿童维生素D缺乏性佝偻病（vitamin D deficiency,Rickets）是由于维生素D缺乏导致的可预防性疾病,与维生素D和钙营养密切相关。近年来,研究发现非肌肉骨骼系统的疾病,包括癌症、代谢综合征、感染和自身免疫性疾病与维生素D水平不足密切相关［1-3］。由于许多观察性研究证实维生素D不足在世界许多地区普遍存在,包括工业性国家［4-5］。因此,儿童维生素D、钙营养与营养性维生素D缺乏性佝偻病再次受到关注,国内外对儿童维生素D、钙营养与维生素D缺乏性佝偻病的判定和评价也有了新认识。