大肠癌“移行粘膜”病理变化研究——粘液组化、免疫组化及电镜观察

对200例大肠癌旁“移行粘膜”进行了粘液组化HID／AB及PAT／KOH／PAS检测,单克隆抗体MC3和CEA免疫组化标记,凝集素PNA、UEA－1及DBA受体测定,扫描电镜观察。其结果与10例正常直肠粘膜、130例癌组织、155例各型腺瘤型息肉及3－5个月胎儿大肠粘膜进行对照。结果表明大肠粘膜从良性到恶性的各阶段粘液组化及免疫组化的改变有显著差异（P＜0．05或P＜0．01）,癌旁“移行粘膜”也存在类似癌及胎儿大肠的不成熟性病理变化,异常范围88．0％的病例在2－3cm以内。     

Day wetting

About 1% of healthy children over the age of 5 years have troublesome daytime wetting. Two-thirds of those who wet by day are reliably dry at night. The problem is more common in girls and is usually the result of urge incontinence. Although the wetting may be exacerbated by giggling and/or stress, pure giggle micturition and isolated stress incontinence are both rare. There is a strong association with bacteriuria (50% prevalence) in girls who wet by day. A potentially important relationship exists between day wetting, infection, reflux and upper tract damage, which is expressed in an extreme form in the syndromes of incoordinated voiding and progressive renal damage. Most children who wet by day have unstable bladders. Many of them adopt characteristic holding postures. There is an increased incidence of emotional disorder compared with children who merely wet the bed. Between 10% and 15% of children who wet by day become dry during the next 12 months. The acquisition of dryness is accelerated by eradication of bacteriuria and a sympathetic and energetic management regime, which should place responsibility on the child and result in the child voiding more frequently and completely. Reminder alarms and other behaviour therapies have proved effective. There is no satisfactory evidence for the efficacy of drugs. More complex behavioural training regimes including biofeedback are valuable for severe cases.     

恶性梗阻性胆管炎29例临床分析

我院在1978～1988年间共收治胆管及壶腹周围肿瘤162例,其中29例有恶性梗阻性胆管炎,占同期收治的胆管及壶腹周围肿瘤的17.9％,其中表现为急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎10例。病变依次为乳头部癌、胰头癌、胆管癌和肝门部转移癌。部分伴有胆石与胆道手术史。通过B超、经皮肝穿刺胆道造影术、胆道引流术,以及逆行胰胆管造影术而确诊。对发病情况、临床特点、诊治进行了讨论。     

Capsaicin-like activity of some natural pungent substances on peripheral endings of visceral primary afferents

Summary 1. The effects of some naturally occurring pungent substances, piperine, mustard oil, eugenol and curcumin, were compared to those of capsaicin in the rat isolated urinary bladder. 2. All test compounds dose-dependently contracted the rat bladder and produced desensitization toward capsaicin (1 mol/l). Development of cross-tachyphylaxis among the natural pungent substances on one hand and capsaicin on the other, suggested a common site of action on visceral primary afferents. 3. Contractile responses to piperine, mustard oil and eugenol were partially tetrodotoxin and ruthenium red-sensitive, suggesting that activation of sensory terminals by these agents takes place indirectly, as well as by a direct action on sensory receptors. 4. The presence of the secondary acylamide linkage (present in the backbone of capsaicin, but not in that of test compounds) does not appear to be essential to produce desensitization of sensory nerve terminals. Send offprint requests to R. Patacchini at the above address     

蜂毒素体外抑瘤作用的实验研究

目的：研究蜂毒素对建系肿瘤细胞体外生长的抑制作用。方法：通过凝胶色谱法从蜜蜂毒中纯化得高纯度蜂毒素,分别选取SMMC－7721、BEL－7402和Hep-3B三种肿瘤细胞系,以四甲基偶氮唑盐（MTT）比色法观察蜂毒素对3种肿瘤细胞系的生物抑制作用,以丝裂霉素、长春新碱、华蟾素为对照;并考察了蜂毒素对SMMC－7721细胞系的生长抑制作用的时效关系。结果：蜂毒素的抑瘤作用与剂量呈正相关,抑制率优于对照组药物,蜂毒素对SMMC－7721细胞系各时间点的抑瘤率无显性差异。结论：蜂毒素的体外抑瘤作用明显,而且作用发生迅速。     

Transurethral microwave needle ablation for bladder cancer

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结肠癌及其癌前病变中bcl-2,bax蛋白的表达与细胞凋亡的关系

[目的 ]研究结肠癌及其癌前病变中bcl 2 ,bax蛋白的表达与细胞凋亡的关系 .[方法 ]用免疫组织化学S P法检测bcl 2及bax蛋白 ,TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡 .[结果 ]细胞凋亡指数在腺瘤中表达最高 ,与正常组织中的比较有非常显著性差异 ,而在腺癌中表达最低 ,与腺瘤中的比较有非常显著性差异 ;bcl 2蛋白在腺癌中的表达率最高 (34 / 40 ,85 % ) ,其次是腺瘤 (10 / 15 ,6 6 % ) ,两者与正常及息肉组织比较均有显著性差异 ;bcl 2阴性的腺瘤凋亡指数与bcl 2阳性的腺瘤凋亡指数比较有显著性差异 ;bax蛋白阳性的腺瘤及腺癌凋亡指数与bax阴性的腺瘤及腺癌比较均有显著性差异 .[结论 ]bcl 2蛋白的过表达在结肠癌发生发展过程中起重要作用 ;bcl 2蛋白对细胞凋亡起抑制作用 ,而bax蛋白对细胞凋亡起促进作用     

桡骨远端瘤段切除带血管蒂的腓骨移植重建桡腕关节

目的：探讨桡骨远端骨肿瘤切除术,吻合血管的带腓骨头腓骨近端移植修复桡骨远段缺损和重建桡腕关节的疗效。方法：17例桡骨远端骨肿瘤患者行桡骨远端切除,应用吻合血管的带腓骨近段移植修复骨缺损并重建模腕关节。移植体行简单内固定＋外固定;术后定期复查X线片,Dopplar血管超声,及腕关节功能评定。结果：随访3个月－2年,全部病例均于手术3个月后达一期骨愈合;其中1例因钢板螺丝钉动再次行内固定而愈合。评定重建腕关节功能,优12例,良3例,差2例。病灶无复发。结论：桡骨远端骨肿瘤切除后行吻合血管的带腓骨头腓骨近端移植修复骨缺损并重建腕关节。手术切除彻底,复发率低,重建后的腕关节功能良好。     

人肝细胞癌4号染色体高频率杂合子丢失的研究

目的 为克了生新的肝细胞（HCC）相关肿瘤抑制基因的供位点依据。方法 使用4号染色体的12个微卫星DNA多态性标志,分析了48例原发性HCC的杂合子丢失（LOH）。结果 44％（21／48）和63％3（30／48）的肿瘤组织中至少有1个位点的LOH分别发生在4p和4q。丢失图排列鉴定了两个独立的共同丢失片段（CDR）。第1个定位在4q22-q25的CDR位于D4S392和D4S1625位点之间;第2个定位在4q27-q31的CDR位于D4S1625和D4S1652位点之间。结论 至少有两个肿瘤抑制位点存在于4q.     

nm23基因产物与肺癌转移及预后关系研究

目的：探讨nm23基因表达与肺癌转移及预后关系。方法：应用免疫组化S-P法检测82例肺癌组织中nm23基因的表达并结合肺癌的转移及预后情况进行分析。结果：82例肺癌组织中有60例有nm23基因表达,其阳性表达率为72.3%。在有局部淋巴结或远处器官转移或邻近脏器侵犯的肺癌组织中,nm23基因表达率为20.0%,而在无局部淋巴结、远处器官转移或邻近脏器侵犯的肺癌组织中,其表达率为96.5%。两组比较差异有显著性（P＜0.01)。术后生存时间＞3年的肺癌组织中,nm23基因表达率为90.6%,而术后生存时间＜3年的肺癌组织中,其表达率仅为57.8%,两组比较差异也有显著性（P＜0.01）。结论：nm23基因表达降低不仅与肺癌转移有关,而且与肺癌的不良预后有关,有转移的肺癌患者预后凶险,因此检测肺癌组织中nm23基因的表达水平可作为判断肺癌转移和预后的一个重要参考指标。