Two novel gastric cancer-associated genes identified by differential display

AIM To clone novel gastric cancer-associated genes and investigate their roles in gastric cancer occurrence.METHODS A method called differential display was used which allows the identification of differentially expressed genes by using PAGE to display PCR-amplified cDNA fragments between gastric cancer cells and normal gastric mucosa cells. These fragments were cloned into plasmid vector pUC18. Homology analysis was made after sequencing these fragments.RESULTS Two novel genes were identified compared with sequences from GenBank. One was registered with the AD number AF 051783. In situ hybridization showed that these two novel genes expressed specifically in gastric cancer tissues.CONCLUSION The two novel genes obtained by differential display were confirmed to be gastric cancer-associated genes using in situ hybridization.     

Lesions produced by the extravasation of urine from the upper urinary tract

We present six cases which illustrate the spectrum of clinical features, macroscopic findings and light microscopic findings of urine extravasation from the upper urinary tract. The early lesions are characterized macroscopically by an oedematous, glistening or gelatinous appearance to the renal perihilar and peripelvic fat. Light microscopically there is lipolysis with associated foamy macrophages, multinucleate giant cells and lymphocytes. Immunohistochemical staining for Tamm–Horsfall protein is strongly positive in the extracellular space and in the foamy macrophages confirming urine extravazation. Later lesions are characterized by cicatrization of fibrous tissue around the renal pelvis and hydronephrosis. Microscopically there is relatively bland fibrosis with occasional lymphocytes and histiocytic cells. The late lesions are also characterized by extracellular deposits of weakly eosinophilic, granular or hyaline material, the so called 'urinary precipitates'. These deposits stain strongly with diastase PAS and weakly positive for Tamm–Horsfall protein. The staining of these urinary precipitates is analogous to renal tubular hyaline casts, thus supporting the theory that they are derived from uroproteins. We consider that these deposits are pathognomic of past urine extravasation.     

胸膜活检阳性率的主要相关因素

分析了92例胸膜活检资料,认为其阳性率与下述因素有关:疾病种类、病例选择、活检器械、取材方法及技术、重复检查、临床医师与病理医师的配合。     

Incontinent Ileal Tube Repaired by Infolding with the Ileal Pouch Wall

In a patient who had undergone construction of a continent ileal pouch we successfully repaired an incontinent ileal tube by infolding it in an imbricated portion of the ileal pouch wall. For 2 years postoperatively the patient has been urine continent and has catheterized the pouch easily. We believe this infolding technique is useful for reconstructing the continent mechanism in patients with incompetent ileal valves.     

胰RNA对离体瘤细胞的杀伤作用及其机制的探讨

在体外培养瘤细胞的实验中,胰RNA提取物对艾氏腹水瘤细胞及其他瘤细胞(S_(180),P_(88),H_(22))有杀伤作用。在胰RNA提取物中,对瘤细胞具有杀伤作用的活性物质不是性凝集素样多糖类物质或能透过半透膜的小分子化合物,而是具有二级结构的低分子RNA。     

Protein-loading test, urinary albumin excretion and renal morphology in diagnosis of subclinical diabetic nephropathy.

The acute effects of protein loading (1.5 g kg-1) on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urinary albumin excretion (UAE) were investigated in 23 type-I diabetic patients with no clinical nephropathy, and in 7 healthy subjects (controls). The results were compared with renal morphology data. In controls and in 14 diabetic patients (group 1) GFR increased by 27 and 37%, respectively, corresponding to normal renal reserve, but in 9 patients (group 2) GFR decreased by 20%, indicating the absence of a renal reserve. Microalbuminuria was found in none of the patients in group 1 and in 50% of patients in group 2. Two hours after the load UAE increased in all groups, but the increase was most marked in group 2, despite the fall in GFR. The two groups of patients did not differ with regard to the duration and control of diabetes, but differed markedly in terms of baseline GFR (131 vs. 195 ml min-1, P less than 0.01, in groups 1 and 2, respectively). Renal morphology showed minimal non-specific glomerular injury in group 1, and signs of glomerulosclerosis in group 2. We conclude that the impaired renal response to protein load precedes other subclinical manifestations of diabetic renal injury, and may be useful in the diagnosis of latent diabetic nephropathy.     

Prostate Development in Prune Belly Syndrome (PBS) and Posterior Urethral Valves (PUV): Etiology of PBS-Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction or Primary Mesenchymal Defect?

Prune belly syndrome (PBS) has been recognized since 1950 as the triad of absent abdominal wall musculature, undescended testes, and urinary tract anomalies. The etiology, however, remains uncertain. Theories of mesenchymal maldevelopment, obstruction, and genetic origin have been proposed. To evaluate the role of lower urinary tract obstruction as it relates to prostatic development and PBS, we studied the lower urinary tract of 15 cases of PBS, 8 cases of posterior urethral values (PUV), and 34 age-matched controls. It is generally accepted that prostatic growth and development are dependent on mesenchymal-epithelial interactions. We evaluated the mesenchymal and epithelial differentiation and relationships, and found distinctly different and consistent abnormalities between PBS and PUV as compared with one another and controls. The findings suggest that in PBS, prostatic growth and development are hindered because of destruction or absence of the appropriate primitive mesenchyme. Our studies could not definitely exclude very early obstruction as a cause of the findings because of lack of appropriate fetal material.     

顺铂对结直肠癌肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞杀伤活性的影响

为在临床选择有效的免疫化疗方案提供一定的理论依据，作者以结直肠癌肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞（ＴＩＬ）和顺铂（ＣＤＤＰ）为研究对象，对１６名手术治疗的结直肠癌患者，分别观察ＣＤＤＰ体内注射及体外预处理ＴＩＬ和Ｒａｊｉ细胞对ＴＩＬ表面标志和杀伤活性的影响。流式细胞仪检测结果显示，静脉注射ＣＤＤＰ能增加结直肠癌ＴＩＬ中ＣＤ３＋／ＣＤ４＋和ＣＤ３＋／ＣＤ８＋细胞含量，同时增强ＴＩＬ体外杀伤Ｒａｊｉ细胞的活性；而体外以ＣＤＤＰ处理Ｒａｊｉ细胞能增强其对结直肠癌ＴＩＬ杀伤的敏感性。作者认为，对于联合应用ＴＩＬ和ＣＤＤＰ治疗结直肠癌的临床效果有必要进一步研究。