XE-2100血液分析仪常用参数稳定性研究

目的　对XE-2100血液分析仪常用参数进行稳定性观察和评估。方法　所有EDTA- K2 抗凝标本的进样均采用开放模式,分别进行短时间(1h内)稳定性和长时间(72h)不同时段不同放置温度的稳定性考查。结果　所有参数,包括自动化白细胞(WBC)五分类,均在60min内保持稳定并未出现显著的变化;长时间稳定性的研究显示无论在冷藏条件还是在室温条件下,WBC、血小板(PLT)、血红蛋白(HGB)和红细胞(RBC)及分类参数在72h内未发生显著变化;WBC分类结果的稳定性优于RBC体积参数的稳定性。RBC体积参数的稳定性在室温条件下12h开始发生体积增大变化, 24h发生显著变化,而冷藏条件下可保持24h。结论　XE-2100血液分析仪短时间结果稳定。长时间稳定性研究显示在自动分类参数方面3d内具有良好的稳定性。RBC分类的稳定性优于RBC检测的稳定性。     

Immage双光径浊度分析仪洗涤液的配制及应用

目的研制美国Beckman CoulterImmage双光径浊度分析仪洗涤液。方法检测研制试剂理化性质、准确度、精密度,并与原装试剂进行对比分析。结果分别测定代表几种不同方法的IgG等7个项目,所有项目的均数均接近,与原装试剂比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05),相关系数(r)均>0.98,日内、日间重复性两者均接近,自配试剂放置12个月后,与原装试剂比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05),r均>0.97。结论自制洗涤液与原装试剂检测结果差异无显著性,适合临床应用     

波前像差仪、电脑验光与主觉验光测量屈光度的矢量比较

目的:运用矢量分析法比较波前像差仪、电脑验光仪及主觉验光测量屈光度的差异方法:随机选取广西视光中心就诊的近视患者89例.运用电脑验光仪、Wavescan波前像差仪和主觉验光测定球镜、柱镜及轴向,选取右眼结果经傅里叶变换成矢量形式,采用随机区组设计资料方差分析对结果进行分析.结果:电脑验光仪、波前像差仪与主觉验光测得的M值差异源于三种验光方法间的差异(F=34.036,P<0.001)和不同患者等效球镜值之间的差异(F=46.412,P<0.001),电脑验光仪测得的M值最负,波前像差仪次之,主觉验光最正.三种验光方法测得的J0和J45值比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).电脑验光仪、波前像差仪与主觉验光测得的P值差异源于三种验光方法问的差异(F=34.418,P<0.001)和不同患者等效球镜值之间的差异(F=46.557,P<0.001),电脑验光仪测得的P值最大,波前像差仪次之,主觉验光最小.结论:电脑验光仪、波前像差仪与主觉验光测得的等效球镜和矢量值大小有差异,但测得的散光无差异.     

Sedimentation and resuspendability evaluation of pharmaceutical suspensions by low-field one dimensional pulsed field gradient NMR profilometry

In order to study the sedimentation of pharmaceutical suspensions using low-field one dimensional pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (1D pfg NMR) profilometry, the accuracy of signal acquisition as well as the spatial resolution of a commercial spectrometer operating at 23.4?MHz was investigated. The use of a solid Teflon spacer revealed that the accuracy of signal acquisition was independent of spatial position (height). The standard deviation of distance determinations was less than 150 µm, whereas the accuracy of water content determination was within 2% in the central part of the detection zone and deteriorated to 4% in the outer parts. The study of aqueous paramagnetic MnCl₂ solutions indicated an exponential relationship between the relative signal intensity and the transverse relaxation decay constant. From this relationship, the relative water content of suspensions could be derived from their signal intensity relative to that of water. Using concentrated paliperidone palmitate dispersions as model suspensions, low-field 1D pfg NMR profilometry has been proven to be suitable for the evaluation of both the sedimentation and resuspendability behavior of viscous, opaque suspensions, for which visual detection of homogeneity may be difficult.     

XC-A30A型全自动血沉分析仪的应用评价

目的探讨XC-A30A型全自动血沉分析仪测定红细胞沉降率(ESR)的重复性、准确性及影响因素。方法抽取高、中、低三组血沉值共27份进行重复性试验,对做血沉检查的198例患者,采用两法测定,以统计学方法分析仪器法的准确性,抽取10例贫血患者标本(压积<0.30)和10例压积正常且魏氏法ESR值在21～100 mm/h的标本对照,分析贫血标本用仪器测定的可行性。结果重复性:除1例(CV为16.1%)外,其余26例CV均<5%。准确性:ESR值在2～100 mm/h各组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但ESR值>100 mm/h者两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。贫血标本采用两法测定的差值与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 XC-A30A型全自动血沉分析仪具有良好的重复性,准确性较高,贫血标本用该仪器测定准确性也较高,适合医院快速准确的报告血沉结果。但对于ESR>100 mm/h时建议用手工法复查。     

340nm波长酶标免疫分析仪的实现

本文详细介绍了支持340hm波长酶标免疫分析仪工作原理和电路结构的设计与实现。通过准确性测试、线性度测试和重复性测试，证实该酶标免疫分析仪实现支持340nto波长的测试，能很好地满足临床某些科研测试的需求，是高端酶标的一个重要体现。实验还证明，采用一定的软硬件技术，配合光路的设计，能使340nm波长完全达到国家对酶标免疫分析仪的性能标准。     

肉类样品中总汞的直接测定方法研究

目的探讨直接测定肉类样品中汞含量的方法。方法应用测汞仪建立汞标准应用液含量标准曲线,肉类样品经粉碎机捣碎后称取适量直接测定汞含量,并与原子荧光光谱法测定汞含量进行比较。结果试验筛选出肉类样品直接测定法最佳测定条件分别为干燥温度200℃,时间1 min;分解温度650℃,时间1.5 min。标准曲线相关系数≥0.999 8,加标回收实验汞回收率93%-98%,标准物质质控样品测定相对标准偏差4.79%-5.37%,与原子荧光光谱法测定汞含量差异无统计学意义（t=0.608,P〉0.05）。结论采用测汞仪直接测定样品中总汞含量,方法简便、快速、准确、重复性好、样品勿须前处理。     

Correlation between the cell population in the automated hematology analyzer high‐fluorescence region and atypical lymphocyte flags

Introduction

During routine blood measurements using an automated hematology analyzer, two easily confused types of suspect flags related to lymphocytes often appear: atypical and immature lymphocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of high fluorescence cell (HFC) parameter and lymphocyte flags determined from an automated hematology analyzer.

Methods

A total of 93 patients affected by various pathologic conditions (viral infection, immunological disease, oncological disease and tumor) were divided into an “atypical lymphocytes” group (“atypical” for short), an “immature lymphocytes/blasts” flag group (abnormal), a mixed‐flag group that includes “atypical lymphocytes” (mixed), and a non‐flag group (non‐flag).

Results

The numbers of HFCs in the atypical, abnormal, mixed, and non‐flag groups were 1.8% (0.9%‐5.5%), 0.7% (0.1%‐5.0%), 2.3% (1.2%‐5.0%), and 0.8% (0.7%‐1.2%), respectively. The HFCs of “atypical” appeared as a separate cluster with clear boundaries. The HFCs of “abnormal” as an unclear boundaries, and it was difficult to accurately distinguish between the HFCs from the immature lymphocytes and the normal lymphocytes. The lower limit of HFC when the atypical lymphocyte flag appeared was 0.04 × 10⁹/L. The number of HFCs was similar to atypical lymphocytes detected by microscopy and CD19⁺CD20⁻CD27⁺⁺ cells by flow cytometry at 78% and 76%, respectively. The number of HFCs detected in “atypical” and CD19⁺CD20⁻CD27⁺⁺ cells showed good consistency (r = .715), whereas the consistency was poorest for “abnormal” (r = .176).

Conclusion

It demonstrates that HFCs reflects atypical lymphocytes better than immature lymphocytes/blasts.

     

Coal fly ash is a major carbon flux in the Chang Jiang (Yangtze River) basin

Fly ash—the residuum of coal burning—contains a considerable amount of fossilized particulate organic carbon (FOC_ash) that remains after high-temperature combustion. Fly ash leaks into natural environments and participates in the contemporary carbon cycle, but its reactivity and flux remained poorly understood. We characterized FOC_ash in the Chang Jiang (Yangtze River) basin, China, and quantified the riverine FOC_ash fluxes. Using Raman spectral analysis, ramped pyrolysis oxidation, and chemical oxidation, we found that FOC_ash is highly recalcitrant and unreactive, whereas shale-derived FOC (FOC_rock) was much more labile and easily oxidized. By combining mass balance calculations and other estimates of fly ash input to rivers, we estimated that the flux of FOC_ash carried by the Chang Jiang was 0.21 to 0.42 Mt C⋅y⁻¹ in 2007 to 2008—an amount equivalent to 37 to 72% of the total riverine FOC export. We attributed such high flux to the combination of increasing coal combustion that enhances FOC_ash production and the massive construction of dams in the basin that reduces the flux of FOC_rock eroded from upstream mountainous areas. Using global ash data, a first-order estimate suggests that FOC_ash makes up to 16% of the present-day global riverine FOC flux to the oceans. This reflects a substantial impact of anthropogenic activities on the fluxes and burial of fossil organic carbon that has been made less reactive than the rocks from which it was derived.

Fossil particulate organic carbon (FOC) is a geologically stable form of carbon that was produced by the ancient biosphere and then buried and stored in the lithosphere; it is a key player in the geological carbon cycle (1–7). Uplift and erosion liberate FOC from bedrock, delivering it to the surficial carbon cycle. Some is oxidized in sediment routing systems, but a portion escapes and can be transported by rivers to the oceans (5, 8–10). Oxidation of FOC represents a long-term atmospheric carbon source and O₂ sink, whereas the reburial of FOC in sedimentary basins has no long-term net effect on atmospheric CO₂ and O₂ (1, 9, 11). Exhumation and erosion of bedrock provide a natural source of FOC (2, 8), which we refer to as FOC_rock. Human activities have introduced another form of FOC from the mining and combustion of coal. Burning coal emits CO₂ to the atmosphere but also leaves behind solid waste that contains substantial amounts of organic carbon (OC) that survives high-temperature combustion (12–14). This fossil-fuel-sourced carbon represents a poorly understood anthropogenic flux in the global carbon cycle; it also provides a major source of black carbon, which is a severe pollutant and climate-forcing agent (12–15).Previous studies sought to quantify black carbon in different terrestrial and marine environments and to distinguish fossil fuel versus forest fire sources (14–18). In this study, we focused on fly ash—the material left from incomplete coal combustion. As a major fossil fuel, coal supplies around 30% of global primary energy consumption (19, 20). Despite efforts to capture and utilize fly ash, a fraction enters soils and rivers; the resulting fossil OC from fly ash (FOC_ash) has become a measurable part of the contemporary carbon cycle (14). FOC_ash is also referred to as “unburned carbon” in fly ash (21–25); it provides a useful measure of combustion efficiency and the quality of fly ash as a building material (e.g., in concrete) (23–26). Industrial standards of FOC_ash content in fly ash have been established for material quality assurance (23, 24, 26, 27). However, the characteristics and fluxes of FOC_ash released to the environment, and how these compare to FOC_rock from bedrock erosion, remain less well understood.To fill this knowledge gap, we examined the Chang Jiang (Yangtze River) basin in China—a system that allowed us to evaluate the influence of FOC_ash on the carbon cycle at continental scales. In the 2000s, China became the largest coal-consuming country in the world, with an annual coal consumption of over 2,500 Mt, equating to ∼50% of worldwide consumption (19, 20, 28). Coal contributed over 60% of China’s national primary energy consumption through the 2000s. A significant portion of this coal (approximately one-third) was consumed in the Chang Jiang (CJ) basin, where China’s most populated and economically developed areas are located (29). Significant amounts of fly ash and FOC_ash continue to be produced and consumed in the CJ basin. To determine the human-induced FOC_ash flux, we investigated the FOC_ash cycle in the CJ basin. We characterized OC in a series of samples including fly ash, bedrock sedimentary shale, and river sediment through multiple geochemical analyses. We then estimated the CJ-exported FOC_ash flux and evaluated how human activities modulated FOC transfer at basin scales. We found that in the CJ basin, coal combustion and dam construction have conspired to boost the FOC_ash flux and reduce the FOC_rock flux carried by the CJ; as a result, these two fluxes converged over an interval of 60 y.