Rotavirus gastroenteritis‐associated urinary ammonium acid urate crystals

Although ammonium acid urate (AAU) calculi are extremely rare renal stone components, it was recently found that many urinary tract calculi that cause post‐renal renal failure in rotavirus (RV) gastroenteritis are AAU calculi. The mechanism of AAU calculi development in RV gastroenteritis has not been fully elucidated. We analyzed data from eight RV gastroenteritis patients who transiently had AAU crystals in their urinary sediment. In these patients, formation of AAU crystals occurred earlier than the formation of AAU calculi. No difference was observed in serum and urine uric acid levels between RV gastroenteritis patients with or without AAU crystals. Interestingly, fractional excretion of sodium was extremely low among patients with AAU crystals. These results suggest that the formation of AAU crystals might not be due to excretion of uric acid, but excretion of sodium.     

2014版ICSH血液分析仪评价指南介绍(下)

介绍了2014年国际血液学标准化委员会(ICSH)关于血液分析仪的性能评价指南。该指南从仪器的进样模式、批内精密度、批间精密度、携带污染、线性、标本稳定性、参考区间、准确性和可比性等方面对厂商提出了具体确认、评价的方法和要求,并推荐对流式细胞术和/或数字成像技术的白细胞分类计数、有核红细胞计数和未成熟粒细胞计数采用流式细胞免疫表型参考方法进行评价。每个临床实验室在仪器用于患者标本检测前,应对上述性能进行部分确认或转移。     

Coal fly ash is a major carbon flux in the Chang Jiang (Yangtze River) basin

Fly ash—the residuum of coal burning—contains a considerable amount of fossilized particulate organic carbon (FOC_ash) that remains after high-temperature combustion. Fly ash leaks into natural environments and participates in the contemporary carbon cycle, but its reactivity and flux remained poorly understood. We characterized FOC_ash in the Chang Jiang (Yangtze River) basin, China, and quantified the riverine FOC_ash fluxes. Using Raman spectral analysis, ramped pyrolysis oxidation, and chemical oxidation, we found that FOC_ash is highly recalcitrant and unreactive, whereas shale-derived FOC (FOC_rock) was much more labile and easily oxidized. By combining mass balance calculations and other estimates of fly ash input to rivers, we estimated that the flux of FOC_ash carried by the Chang Jiang was 0.21 to 0.42 Mt C⋅y⁻¹ in 2007 to 2008—an amount equivalent to 37 to 72% of the total riverine FOC export. We attributed such high flux to the combination of increasing coal combustion that enhances FOC_ash production and the massive construction of dams in the basin that reduces the flux of FOC_rock eroded from upstream mountainous areas. Using global ash data, a first-order estimate suggests that FOC_ash makes up to 16% of the present-day global riverine FOC flux to the oceans. This reflects a substantial impact of anthropogenic activities on the fluxes and burial of fossil organic carbon that has been made less reactive than the rocks from which it was derived.

Fossil particulate organic carbon (FOC) is a geologically stable form of carbon that was produced by the ancient biosphere and then buried and stored in the lithosphere; it is a key player in the geological carbon cycle (1–7). Uplift and erosion liberate FOC from bedrock, delivering it to the surficial carbon cycle. Some is oxidized in sediment routing systems, but a portion escapes and can be transported by rivers to the oceans (5, 8–10). Oxidation of FOC represents a long-term atmospheric carbon source and O₂ sink, whereas the reburial of FOC in sedimentary basins has no long-term net effect on atmospheric CO₂ and O₂ (1, 9, 11). Exhumation and erosion of bedrock provide a natural source of FOC (2, 8), which we refer to as FOC_rock. Human activities have introduced another form of FOC from the mining and combustion of coal. Burning coal emits CO₂ to the atmosphere but also leaves behind solid waste that contains substantial amounts of organic carbon (OC) that survives high-temperature combustion (12–14). This fossil-fuel-sourced carbon represents a poorly understood anthropogenic flux in the global carbon cycle; it also provides a major source of black carbon, which is a severe pollutant and climate-forcing agent (12–15).Previous studies sought to quantify black carbon in different terrestrial and marine environments and to distinguish fossil fuel versus forest fire sources (14–18). In this study, we focused on fly ash—the material left from incomplete coal combustion. As a major fossil fuel, coal supplies around 30% of global primary energy consumption (19, 20). Despite efforts to capture and utilize fly ash, a fraction enters soils and rivers; the resulting fossil OC from fly ash (FOC_ash) has become a measurable part of the contemporary carbon cycle (14). FOC_ash is also referred to as “unburned carbon” in fly ash (21–25); it provides a useful measure of combustion efficiency and the quality of fly ash as a building material (e.g., in concrete) (23–26). Industrial standards of FOC_ash content in fly ash have been established for material quality assurance (23, 24, 26, 27). However, the characteristics and fluxes of FOC_ash released to the environment, and how these compare to FOC_rock from bedrock erosion, remain less well understood.To fill this knowledge gap, we examined the Chang Jiang (Yangtze River) basin in China—a system that allowed us to evaluate the influence of FOC_ash on the carbon cycle at continental scales. In the 2000s, China became the largest coal-consuming country in the world, with an annual coal consumption of over 2,500 Mt, equating to ∼50% of worldwide consumption (19, 20, 28). Coal contributed over 60% of China’s national primary energy consumption through the 2000s. A significant portion of this coal (approximately one-third) was consumed in the Chang Jiang (CJ) basin, where China’s most populated and economically developed areas are located (29). Significant amounts of fly ash and FOC_ash continue to be produced and consumed in the CJ basin. To determine the human-induced FOC_ash flux, we investigated the FOC_ash cycle in the CJ basin. We characterized OC in a series of samples including fly ash, bedrock sedimentary shale, and river sediment through multiple geochemical analyses. We then estimated the CJ-exported FOC_ash flux and evaluated how human activities modulated FOC transfer at basin scales. We found that in the CJ basin, coal combustion and dam construction have conspired to boost the FOC_ash flux and reduce the FOC_rock flux carried by the CJ; as a result, these two fluxes converged over an interval of 60 y.     

IgA肾病尿沉渣表现与肾脏病理改变的相关性

摘要：目的：观察IgA肾病患者尿沉渣表现与临床表现、肾脏病理改变的相关性。 方法：采用前瞻性横断面观察性研究。病例来自2013年1月至2015年6月中日友好医院肾内科住院的365例IgA肾病患者。根据尿沉渣中红细胞和病理管型数量分为4组。根据临床表现分为3组。根据肾脏病理活动与否分为肾小球有明显活动性病变组和无明显活动性病变组。对尿沉渣表现与临床表现、肾脏病理活动进行相关性分析。 结果：病理类型以局灶增生型最多见,共302例（82.7%）,其次为轻度系膜增生型32例（8.8%）等;不同临床表现分组的尿沉渣表现不同（P=0.013）;肾脏病理活动组与非活动组的尿沉渣表现的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。多因素分析显示,尿沉渣表现是肾脏病理活动与否的危险因素(P＜0.01)。 结论：尿沉渣表现可以部分反映IgA肾病患者临床表现及肾脏病理的活动性。     

Sysmex XE-5000全自动血细胞分析仪体液模式对胸、腹腔积液白细胞计数与分类计数的结果分析

目的探讨Sysmex XE-5000全自动血细胞分析仪体液模式对胸、腹腔积液白细胞计数与分类计数的临床应用。方法收集临床住院患者胸、腹腔积液标本196例,分别采用Sysmex XE-5000全自动血细胞分析仪体液模式(半导体激光的流式技术-仪器法)和显微镜人工计数法(手工法)进行白细胞计数与分类计数,根据仪器计数结果将胸、腹腔积液分为两组进行两种方法的相关性分析,A组:(0~1 500)×106/L,B组:大于1 500×106/L。结果分析数据显示,两种方法对胸、腹腔积液白细胞计数与分类计数结果相关性良好,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 Sysmex XE-5000全自动血细胞分析仪体液模式对胸、腹腔积液白细胞计数与分类计数检验有着良好的应用价值。     

SMART POCT与日立7180生化仪检测糖化血红蛋白的一致性分析

目的探讨SMART POCT和日立7180检测糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)的结果相关性。方法首先分别对SMART POCT和日立7180生化仪检测HbA1c进行精密度评价,再随机选取20份样本在两台仪器上分别进行测定,对测定结果进行相关性分析。结果两台仪器的精密度高,所测结果的相关性好,相关系数(r2)为0.981 1。结论 SMART POCT和日立7180检测HbA1c具有很高的一致性。     

颗粒增强透射比浊法测定胱抑素C方法学评价

目的用颗粒增强透射比浊法(PETIA)测定血清中胱抑素C(CysC)水平,评价该法用于检测血清中CysC水平的可行性。方法用PETIA检测试剂盒在Cobas 8000全自动生化分析仪上测定血清CysC水平,对方法的不精密度、灵敏度、线性范围等进行评价,并与CysC颗粒增强散射比浊法检测结果进行相关性分析,同时对其参考区间进行验证。结果低值样本和高值样本的批内不精密度CV分别为3.67%,1.15%,批间不精密度CV分别为4.08%,1.53%;准确度的测定偏差仅为-1.25%;此试剂盒检测CysC灵敏度为0.07mg/L;CysC浓度在0.2~8.0mg/L范围内检测线性良好;与西门子德灵颗粒增强散射比浊法(PENIA)比较有良好的相关性Y=0.945 8 X+0.048 6,r2=0.991 3,r=0.995 6,40例健康体检者样本的检测值仅有2例在厂家提供的参考区间之外,90%以上的观测值在待验证区间之内。结论颗粒增强透射比浊法用于定量检测人血清CysC水平,具有简便易行、快捷价廉、准确可靠的优点,适用于在日常临床检测中推广应用。     

High-Resolution Strain/Stress Measurements by Three-Axis Neutron Diffractometer

Resolution properties of the unconventional high-resolution neutron diffraction three-axis setup for strain/stress measurements of large bulk polycrystalline samples are presented. Contrary to the conventional two-axis setups, in this case, the strain measurement on a sample situated on the second axis is carried out by rocking the bent perfect crystal (BPC) analyzer situated on the third axis of the diffractometer. Thus, the so-called rocking curve provides the sample diffraction profile. The neutron signal coming from the analyzer is registered by a point detector. This new setup provides a considerably higher resolution (at least by a factor of 5), which however, requires a much longer measurement time. The high-resolution neutron diffraction setting can be effectively used, namely, for bulk gauge volumes up to several cubic centimeters, and for plastic deformation studies on the basis of the analysis of diffraction line profiles, thus providing average values of microstructure characteristics over the irradiated gauge volume.     

多功能超高倍显微分析仪在不育症精液分析中的应用

目的探讨运用多功能超高倍显微分析仪直接湿片观察精子形态的应用价值。方法支原体感染不育症患者156份精液标本,用改良巴氏染色法,1000倍油镜观察精子形态,同时运用多功能超高倍显微镜直接湿片观察精子形态。结果两种方法对精子形态的评估经统计学分析,正常形态率和各种类型缺陷率差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）．结论运用多功能超高倍显微分析仪直接观察精子形态是一种简单、快速、有效的方法,值得推广。     

肝癌患者肠道微生态结构变化的特点分析

目的探讨原发性肝癌患者肠道菌群结构的变化。方法选择2017年9月至2018年12月广东省第二人民医院诊疗的原发性肝癌患者87例,另取健康体检者80名作为健康对照。制备微生物基因组DNA后Illumina平台进行高通量测序。结果原发性肝癌组和健康对照组间α多样性差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。肝癌组拟杆菌门和变形菌门所占百分比为(56.41±4.63)%和(9.26±1.82)%,显著高于健康对照组的(53.32±4.22)%和(7.42±1.16)%(均P<0.05)。肝癌组厚壁菌门和放线菌门所占百分比为(32.62±3.75)%和(0.34±0.05)%,显著低于健康对照组的(37.25±4.13)%和(0.62±0.11)%(均P<0.05)。肝癌组拟杆菌属和大肠杆菌螺旋杆菌属所占百分比为(50.83±4.15)%和(11.35±1.87)%,显著高于健康对照组的(42.45±3.84)%和(8.52±1.71)%(均P<0.01)。肝癌组双歧杆菌属和梭菌属所占百分比为(21.13±3.64)%和(10.44±1.25)%,显著低于健康对照组的(28.54±4.13)%和(14.28±1.52)%(均P<0.01)。结论肝癌患者肠道微生态系统中拟杆菌以及其隶属的拟杆菌门,大肠杆菌螺旋杆菌属属以及其隶属的变形菌门所占比例明显著高于对照组,双歧杆菌属以及其隶属的放线菌门和梭菌属以及其隶属的厚壁菌门所占比例明显著低于对照组。