Hb Manukau [β67(E11)Val → Gly; HBB: c.203T>G]: The Role of Genetic Testing in the Diagnosis of Idiopathic Hemolytic Anemia

The increasing availability of DNA sequencing of globin genes has improved our ability to detect conditions that were presumed to be extremely rare. These conditions may remain undiagnosed due to unfamiliarity with clinical presentation, relative unavailability of advanced diagnostic alternatives, or may defy detection by being electrophoretically silent or extreme instability rendering their presence to be below detection level. Genetic studies were pursued in a mother and daughter with severe hemolytic anemia as initial testing failed to be diagnostic. DNA sequence analysis of the β-globin gene identified Hb Manukau [β67(E11)Val?→?Gly; HBB: c.203T?>?G], an extremely unstable hemoglobin (Hb) variant. This is the second family described with this condition (first in the western hemisphere). An astute clinician may benefit from being persistent and pursuing additional testing including molecular genetic characterization where clinical suspicion remains high.     

针对性护理模式对冠心病心绞痛患者心率血压及心理状态的影响分析

目的 探讨针对性护理模式在冠心病心绞痛患者临床治疗中的应用效果,结合患者的心率血压及心理状态变化情况进行评价。方法 选取解放军东部战区总医院心血管内科2019年2月至2020年2月期间收治的74例冠心病心绞痛患者作为研究对象,应用随机数字表法,分为观察组37例,进行针对性护理模式,对照组37例,进行常规护理,对比两组患者的护理效果。结果 与对照组相比,观察组患者在护理后的心率(HR)水平[(76.17±4.82)次/min vs.(80.62±3.94)次/min]、收缩压(SBP)水平[(134.42±10.25)mmHg vs.(143.57±11.94)mmHg]、舒张压(DBP)水平[(88.92±7.63)mmHg vs.(44.73±5.05)mmHg]、心绞痛发作频次[(0.52±0.13)次/周vs.(1.47±0.31)次/周]以及焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分[(38.14±4.37)分vs.(93.71±5.09)分]相对更低(P0.05),与对照比,观察组患者的护理满意度相对更高(P0.05)。结论 冠心病心绞痛患者的治疗恢复期间,针对性护理模式的应用,可以有效纠正患者的心率、血压异常,同时改善其心理状态,减少症状的发作,改善患者的预后。     

稳定性心绞痛患者血糖水平与循环微小RNA-92a表达关系的研究

目的探讨稳定性心绞痛(SAP)患者循环微小RNA-92a(microRNA-92a,miR-92a)表达与血糖的关系。方法将93例SAP患者分为A组:降糖治疗+空腹血糖(FPG)<7.0 mmol/L 18例,B组:降糖治疗+FPG≥7.0 mmol/L8例,C组:非降糖治疗+FPG<7.0 mmol/L 61例,D组:非降糖治疗+FPG≥7.0 mmol/L 6例。比较4组患者血糖水平与循环miR-92a表达的关系。结果 SAP患者合并2型糖尿病发病率为34.4%,降糖治疗后,仍有30.8%FPG≥7.0 mmol/L。A组与B组miR-92a是否>-0.1或>0.5水平的OR值分别为2.67或0.17,C组与D组OR值分别为0.36、0.48。A组miR-92a>-0.1的患者为88.9%,显著高于C组的41.0%(P<0.01)。B组miR-92a>0.5的患者为75.0%,高于A组的33.3%(P>0.05)。结论单纯测定FPG诊断2型糖尿病漏诊率高。循环miR-92a有助于FPG<7.0 mmol/L的SAP合并2型糖尿病的诊断及疗效评价。     

The role of nicorandil in the treatment of myocardial ischaemia

Nicorandil is an anti-anginal agent that has been used in the United Kingdom for over 6 years and is becoming increasingly popular. It induces coronary and peripheral vasodilatation via a dualistic mode of action, mediated by the opening of potassium-ATP channels (K_ATP) and its nitrate effect by stimulation of adenyl cyclase, with an increase in cGMP levels. Comparison to nitrates and other anti-anginal agents have shown it to be of equal efficacy in relieving ischaemic symptoms. Recent evidence suggests a role for nicorandil as a myocardial preconditioning agent but this may be limited by systemic vasodilatation. There is ongoing research into its role in improving the long-term outcome of patients with ischaemic heart disease (IHD). It has been shown to be of proven efficacy in the treatment of IHD and further research will clarify other uses of this agent.     

预见性护理干预在不稳定心绞痛中的应用效果

目的研究预见性护理干预在不稳定心绞痛的应用效果。方法选取本院2016年6月—2019年12月收治的108例不稳定心绞痛患者,根据护理方式分成两组,对照组(n=54)应用常规护理干预,观察组(n=54)加强常规护理干预,实施预见性护理干预,比较两组护理方法的应用效果。结果观察组患者总有效率(98.15%)临床疗效与对照组(79.63%)比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者护理后心绞痛稳定状态、疾病认知度、心绞痛发作情况、躯体活动受限程度评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者护理后心绞痛稳定状态、疾病认知度、心绞痛发作情况、躯体活动受限程度评分与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者对护理满意度(100%)与对照组(85.19%)比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论预见性护理干预是不稳定心绞痛的一种优秀护理方法,具有较高临床价值。     

Role of antiplatelet therapy in cardiovascular disease I: acute coronary syndromes

The acute coronary syndromes (ACS), consisting of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-STEMI (NSTEMI), and unstable angina, remain a leading cause of death in the United States. Through the process of atherothrombosis, underlying atherosclerosis can progress to an acute ischemic coronary event. This disease mechanism is also common to ischemic

stroke and peripheral arterial disease. As ACS is a heterogeneous disease, accurate patient diagnosis and risk categorization is essential. Treatment approaches for both STEMI and NSTEMI ACS consist of a combination of surgical intervention and pharmacotherapy, with antiplatelet agents such as clopidogrel, aspirin and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists playing an essential role.     

基于网状Meta分析的中药注射液治疗不稳定性心绞痛的有效性及安全性

目的 评价中药注射液（TCMI）辅助治疗不稳定性心绞痛（UAP）的临床疗效及安全性。方法 检索中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI），维普数据库（VIP），万方数据库（Wanfang），中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM），PubMed，EMBASE，The Cochrane Library，Web of Science 8个数据库收集常规治疗联合TCMI（治疗组）对比单纯常规治疗（对照组）治疗UAP的临床随机对照研究（RCT），文献检索年限均为建库起至2021年3月31日，采用Stata 16.0软件进行网状Meta分析。结果 最终纳入39项RCT，3 407例患者。网状Meta分析结果显示，中药注射液对心绞痛改善总有效率排序为痰热清注射液+常规治疗>香丹注射液+常规治疗>刺五加注射液+常规治疗=生脉注射液+常规治疗>血塞通注射液+常规治疗>灯盏花素注射液+常规治疗>疏血通注射液+常规治疗>苦碟子注射液+常规治疗>舒血宁注射液+常规治疗>丹参注射液+常规治疗>冠心宁注射液+常规治疗>灯盏细辛注射液+常规治疗>血栓通注射液+常规治疗>瓜蒌皮注射液+常规治疗>常规治疗；对心电图改善总有效率排序为疏血通注射液+常规治疗>香丹注射+常规治疗>痰热清注射液+常规治疗>刺五加注射液+常规治疗>血栓通注射液+常规治疗>灯盏花素注射液+常规治疗>血塞通注射+常规治疗>舒血宁注射液+常规治疗>冠心宁注射液+常规治疗>苦碟子注射液+常规治疗>灯盏细辛注射液+常规治疗>瓜蒌皮注射液+常规治疗>常规治疗>生脉注射液+常规治疗；对不良反应发生率排序为灯盏细辛注射液+常规治疗>香丹注射液+常规治疗>丹参注射液+常规治疗>灯盏花素注射液+常规治疗>生脉注射液+常规治疗>舒血宁注射液+常规治疗>常规治疗>瓜蒌皮注射液+常规治疗>冠心宁注射液+常规治疗>疏血通注射+常规治疗>苦碟子注射液+常规治疗>刺五加注射液+常规治疗，对减少纤维蛋白原（FIB）排序为灯盏花素注射液+常规治疗>疏血通注射液+常规治疗>血塞通注射液+常规治疗>常规治疗>苦碟子注射液+常规治疗；对降低C反应蛋白（CRP）排序为丹参注射液+常规治疗>灯盏细辛注射液+常规治疗>血栓通注射液+常规治疗>常规治疗；对降低超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）排序为舒血宁注射液+常规治疗>苦碟子注射液+常规治疗>疏血通注射液+常规治疗>灯盏细辛注射液+常规治疗>瓜蒌皮注射液+常规治疗>痰热清注射液+常规治疗>血塞通注射液+常规治疗>常规治疗。亚组分析结果与整体Meta分析基本一致。结论 在常规治疗基础上联合中药注射液可改善心绞痛发作及心电图情况，同时对FIB，CRP，hs-CRP均有不同程度的改善。然而，由于不同中药注射液纳入研究的质量和数量存在差异，临床应用时应结合具体情况。     

Hb Alesha [β67(E11)Val→Met (GTG>ATG); HBB: c.202G > A] Found in a Chinese Girl

Mutations that cause destabilization of the hemoglobin (Hb) tetramer are a rare cause of hemolytic anemia. In contrast to the hemolytic anemia caused by enzyme deficiencies, a dominant mode of inheritance characterizes the unstable Hbs. Hb Alesha [β67(E11)Val→Met; HBB: c.202G>A] is caused by a G>A mutation at codon 67 of the β-globin gene, resulting in a valine to methionine substitution at helix E11. This replacement disrupts the apolar bonds between valine and the heme group, producing an unstable Hb and severe hemolysis. We report this rare hemoglobinopathy in a Chinese girl with severe hemolytic anemia, splenomegaly and frequent requirement for red blood cell (RBC) transfusions.     

Single-Molecule hsTnI and Short-Term Risk in Stable Patients With Chest Pain

Background

Evaluation of stable symptomatic outpatients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) may be challenging because they have a wide range of cardiovascular risk. The role of troponin testing to assist clinical decision making in this setting is unexplored.