内镜超声引导下聚桂醇消融术治疗胰腺囊性肿瘤二次消融的疗效研究

目的　探讨内镜超声引导下聚桂醇消融术（endoscopic ultrasound?guided lauromacrogol ablation,EUS?LA）治疗胰腺囊性肿瘤（pancreatic cystic neoplasms, PCNs）二次消融的有效性和安全性。方法　前瞻性纳入2015年4月—2020年12月解放军总医院第一医学中心疑诊PCNs且仅行EUS?LA治疗的74例患者,其中15例接受二次消融。以影像学随访中病灶体积变化作为疗效评估标准,分为完全缓解、部分缓解、稳定。并发症发生率为安全性评估标准。结果　15例接受二次消融患者年龄（51.5±17.6）岁,男9例、女6例。13例完成二次消融术后影像学随访,其中8例获得完全缓解,2例部分缓解,3例仍为稳定。二次消融术后完全缓解率与初次消融术后相比明显提高（8/13比0,P=0.002）。第2次消融术后中位病灶直径由术前的22.0 mm减少至15.0 mm（Z=-2.666,P=0.008）,中位体积由2 419.7 mm3减少至1 099.5 mm3（Z=-2.134,P=0.033）。第2次消融并发症发生率2/15,与第1次消融并发症发生率相同。结论　对于单次消融效果欠佳者行二次消融可提高消融有效率,且二次消融不增加消融风险。     

心血管疾病的代谢组学研究进展

心血管疾病负担日益加重,给国民健康造成巨大威胁。随着代谢组学技术研究的发展和进步,其正成为心血管疾病诊断、治疗及预后评估的一大利器。现就心血管领域的代谢组学研究进展做一简要综述。     

超声引导锁骨下静脉置管对导管相关性血流感染控制研究

目的采用高频彩色多普勒超声实时引导锁骨下静脉精确置管对导管相关性血流感染发生率影响的临床研究,降低导管血流感染发生率。方法将实施锁骨下静脉精确置管的48例患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各24例,其中观察组采用高频彩色多普勒超声显像进行锁骨下静脉精确置管;而对照组则采用常规的方法进行置管,对所得的相关数据均采用SPSS13.0软件进行分析处理。结果两组患者临床资料比较差异无统计学意义;观察组锁骨下静脉精确置管一次成功23例占95.83%,对照组一次成功18例占75.00%;置管操作时间<2min者观察组21例、对照组9例;出现并发症观察组2例占8.33%、对照组7例占29.17%;置管一段时间后进行血液细菌检查,结果显示观察组感染1例占4.17%、对照组感染3例占12.50%;4个指标观察组与对照组对比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用高频彩色多普勒超声引导锁骨下静脉精确置管和常规置管相比操作简便安全、异常成功率较高、并发症和感染率比较低,在临床上对于锁骨下静脉精确置管有一定的临床指导意义。     

Morphological and functional recovery following acute and acute recurrent pancreatitis in children: A prospective sequential 2-point evaluation

BackgroundThe functional and morphological recovery following an episode of acute pancreatitis (AP) in children still remains ill understood as research exploring this is limited. We aimed to characterize the morphological and functional changes in pancreas following AP and ARP (acute recurrent pancreatitis) in children.MethodsChildren with AP were followed prospectively and assessed at two time points at least 3 months apart, with the first assessment at least 3 months after the AP episode. Exocrine and endocrine functions were measured using fecal elastase and fasting blood sugar/HbA1c levels respectively. Morphological assessment was done using endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and magnetic resonance imaging and cholangiopancreatography (MRI/MRCP).ResultsSeventy-three children (boys:59%; mean age:8.4 ± 3.2years) were studied and 21 of them (29%) progressed to ARP. Altered glucose homeostasis was seen in 19 (26%) at first and 16 (22%) at second assessment and it was significantly more in ARP group than the AP group at first (42.8%vs19.2%; p = 0.03) as well as second assessment (38.1%vs15.3%; p = 0.03). Twenty-one children (28.7%) at first and 24 (32.8%) at second assessment developed biochemical exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. EUS detected indeterminate and suggestive changes of chronic pancreatitis in 21% at first (n = 38) and 27.6% at second assessment (n = 58). On MRCP, main pancreatic duct and side branch dilatation were seen in 15 (20.5%) and 2 (2.7%) children respectively.ConclusionsMore than one-quarter of children have evidence of altered glucose homeostasis and biochemical exocrine pancreatic insufficiency following an episode of AP. Similarly, morphological features of chronicity seen in some of the children suggest that a fraction of subjects may develop chronic pancreatitis on longer follow-up.     

血管内超声在冠状动脉临界病变诊断与治疗中的应用进展

血管内超声是近年来发展起来的一项新的影像学技术,在冠心病的诊断与治疗中有着重要的临床应用价值。其用于评价冠状动脉临界病变较冠脉造影准确,对临界病变的诊断和治疗决策有着很好的指导作用。现就目前研究,综述血管内超声在冠状动脉临界病变诊断与治疗中的应用进展。     

冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块消退研究进展

冠状动脉粥样硬化的发生与低密度脂蛋白及炎症反应、内皮功能减退等有关。近年来多项临床试验证实早期强化应用他汀类药物可以通过降低低密度脂蛋白、抗炎、改善内皮功能等途径改善急性冠脉综合征患者的预后。其中他汀类药物发挥的抗炎症反应、改善内皮功能等多效性作用日益受到重视。而应用血管内超声的研究发现强化他汀类治疗能够显著遏制甚至消退冠状动脉粥样斑块。     

老年高血压心肌背向散射成像声学密度定量的临床应用

目的　应用声学密度定量 (AD)方法对老年高血压病人心肌超声背向散射成像 (IBS)进行分析 ,探讨其临床诊断应用价值及意义。方法　按 1 999年 WHO高血压治疗标准并应用超声心动图仪检测 64例老年男性住院病人 ,其中正常组 31例 ,高血压组 33例 (高血压病史均 >3年且治疗时间均 >1年 ) ,比较各组室间隔心肌 IBS的 AD诸参数。结果　 Loop和两种触发方式声学密度曲线的峰值密度 (pi)、曲线下面积 (auc)高血压组均高于正常组 (均 P<0 .0 5)。结论　长期高血压和衰老致心肌组织纤维化进一步加重 ,致声学密度参数显著改变 ,其可作为简单、有效且无创的研究心肌病理学方面改变的辅助检测方法     

Percutaneous liver biopsy in clinical practice.

Percutaneous liver biopsy (PLB) is the standard procedure for obtaining hepatic tissue for histopathological examination, and remains an essential tool in the diagnosis and management of parenchymal liver diseases. The use of liver biopsy (LB) is increasing with the advent of liver transplantation and the progress being made in antiviral therapeutic agents. While blind percutaneous needle biopsy is the traditional technique, the use of ultrasound (US) guidance has increased considerably. Literatures were reviewed to assess the existing clinical practice of PLB with an emphasis on the technique, the operator, types of biopsy needles, quality of LB specimens and the risk of complications. The best available evidence indicates that the use of ultrasound-guided biopsy (UGB) is superior to blind needle biopsy (BNB). The odds ratios of the controlled studies showed that BNB carried a higher risk for major complications, postbiopsy pain and biopsy failure. Therefore, percutaneous LB under US control is superior to BNB and it is recommended that UGB be considered the standard of care for this important and widely used invasive procedure in the field of clinical hepatology.