Post-prandial cardiovascular responses in man after ingestion of carbohydrate,protein or fat

Changes in cardiac output and in superior mesenteric arterial flow were followed with Doppler ultrasound techniques in five young, healthy persons for 2 h after ingestion of medium-sized (4 MJ), fluid meals containing either carbohydrate, protein, fat or water only. Measurements were carried out before meals and at regular post-meal intervals, during which mean arterial blood pressure was also followed. All energy-containing meals caused marked and gradually developing post-prandial increases in cardiac output as well as in superior mesenteric arterial flow. The maximum flow levels were reached in the course of 30–60 min and maintained until the observations ended after 2 h. The intake of water caused no such flow increases. There were considerable interpersonal variations in the size and in the speed of development of the flow increases after the three types of energy-containing meals. The flow-increasing effects of the three meal types were not significantly different, even if the most marked increases (median values about 1 1 min^-1 for both cardiac output and superior mesenteric arterial flow) occurred after carbohydrate meals. The marked effects on circulation of the three food components were also revealed in the calculated, integrated amounts of ‘extra’ cardiac output and superior mesenteric arterial flow observed in the course of the 2 h following the meal. Values of more than 100 1 for such ‘extra’ flows were seen after carbohydrate meals. The marked ingestion-released increase in blood flow to the splanchnic organs is apparently partly met by an increase in cardiac output, and partly by some redistribution of flow, which benefits the digestive system.     

高强度聚焦超声治疗原发性肝癌的疗效

目的探讨高强度聚焦超声（HIFU）对原发性肝癌的治疗效果。方法对我科自2005年5月至2006年8月使用高强度聚焦超声治疗的35例原发性肝癌进行回顾性分析。结果本组术后疼痛症状缓解率为69.6%,术后3月生存率94.29%,6月生存率65.59%,1年生存率57.39%;术后生存期较其自然病程延长。结论高强度聚焦超声治疗原发性肝癌可在一定程度上减轻患者症状、改善患者生存质量、延长患者生存时间。     

三维超声技术及其在肝癌诊治中的应用

介绍三维超声成像技术的原理,讨论三维超声在肝癌的诊断性应用及在肝脏手术和介入中的治疗性应用。     

聚焦超声治疗慢性宫颈炎500例临床分析

目的 探讨聚焦超声治疗宫颈炎的临床疗效.方法 收治慢性宫颈炎700例,分为聚焦超声治疗组(超生治疗组)500例,微波治疗对照组200例.观察其临床症状、体征及疗效.结果 超声治疗组中、重度宫颈炎的疗效明显高于微波对照组,差异有显著意义(P＜0.05);两种方法治疗后,宫颈修复过程中阴道排液、出血等并发症的发生率,超声治疗组明显低于微波对照组,差异有显著意义(P＜0.05).结论 聚焦超声治疗宫颈炎疗效确切,副作用及并发症少,是目前治疗宫颈炎的一种有效方法.     

经皮穿刺腰椎间盘切吸术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的远期疗效

目的 观察X线电视引导下经皮穿刺腰椎间盘切吸术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的远期疗效。方法 32例经CT扫描证实的腰椎间盘突出症患者，其中，膨出型29例，游离型2例，以及突出型1例，均经X线电视引导下经皮穿刺腰椎间盘切吸术治疗，术后均经随访0.5～11.0a。结果 术后1周～3个月，32例中的24例临床症状与体征得到有效控制或明显减轻，随访5～11a观察表明，症状完全消失和明显减轻者分别见于23例和6例，总有效率90.6%，预后极好和较好者均见于膨出型腰椎间盘突出症患者。结论 游离型和突出型腰椎间盘突出症的疗效均不理想，因此，术前认真选择适应证是获得理想疗效的关键性因素。     

经腹超声及术中超声在胰腺结石诊断、治疗中的应用

目的:探讨经腹超声及术中超声在胰腺结石诊断、治疗中的价值。材料和方法:对25例胰腺结石患者行经腹和术中超声检查。经腹超声主要观察胰管扩张程度,胰腺结石大小、位置,是否合并胆囊及胆道结石、胰腺假性囊肿等。术中超声观察是否有结石残留。结果:经腹超声显示25例患者主胰管扩张,胰腺实质增粗、增强。结石位于头部9例,位于全胰腺16例,伴有胆道梗阻征象13例,其中合并胆囊及胆道结石8例,并发胰腺假性囊肿3例,合并胰腺癌2例;术中超声形式显示6例未见残留结石,19例有残留结石,手术取出残留结石24枚。结论:经腹超声诊断主胰腺管结石敏感性较高,术中超声在判断残留结石及鉴别胰小管结石与胰腺实质钙化灶方面具有重要价值。     

The effect of central corneal thickness on estimates of the anterior chamber depth

Background: The slitlamp can be used to estimate the anterior chamber depth (ACD). The length of a slit object is increased until the corneal and iris/lens images appear to just touch. Multiplying the just‐touching‐slit‐length (JTSL) by a conversion factor gives an estimate of the ACD as measured by ultrasonography. The purpose of this study was to determine if central corneal thickness (CCT) affects the accuracy of this technique. Methods: The ACD of 50 subjects was measured by A‐scan ultrasonography and estimated by the slitlamp technique. CCT was measured by ultrasonic pachometry. The refractive error was determined subjectively. Results: The average ultrasonographic ACD for all subjects was 3.32 ± 0.65 mm. The average JTSL was 2.46 ± 0.38 mm. The conversion ratio between the ultrasonographic ACD and the average JTSL was 1.35. The predicted ACD using the regression equation of JTSL on the ultrasound anterior chamber depth (USACD) was 3.32 ± 0.54 mm. The corresponding value using the regression equation of JTSL and CCT on USACD was exactly the same, that is, 3.32 ± 0.54 mm. Conclusion: Incorporation of CCT into a regression equation does not improve the accuracy of the Smith technique.     

超声引导金属弹簧圈定位乳腺肿块的临床应用

目的探讨乳腺肿块金属弹簧圈标记的临床应用价值。方法对13例触诊不清的乳腺良性肿块,41例新辅助化疗的乳腺癌,在超声引导下行术前边界定位及肿块标记。事先测量好肿块最大直径,选择相应长度的金属弹簧圈,通过18G穿刺针,用导丝准确将弹簧圈放入肿物最大切面两极。41例乳腺癌定位后继续化疗2~3个周期。结果13例触诊不清的乳腺良性肿块连同其内的弹簧圈被准确、完整切除。41例乳腺癌中,术后弹簧圈周边即肿物切缘病理未见残留癌细胞术前化疗期间,经超声观察,39例肿块缩小,其中9例术前超声显示肿物边界已显示不清,只显示金属弹簧圈,这其中3例术后肿物连续病理切片,证实未见癌细胞。结论超声引导下金属弹簧圈肿物边缘定位,对触诊不清的乳腺肿块边界定位是一种新方法。特别是对于术前化疗的乳腺癌患者,在肿块超声随访、化疗疗效评价以及指导术后病理取材部位等方面有更实用的临床意义。     

高强度聚焦超声致大鼠急性肝损伤后机体炎症反应及乌司他丁的保护效应

目的 探讨高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)所致的大鼠急性肝损伤后血清炎性因子水平的变化及乌司他丁(UTI)对其的保护效应.方法 建立高强度聚焦超声致大鼠急性肝损伤模型,Wistar大鼠24只随机均分为单纯高强度聚焦超声致伤组(H组)、乌司他丁处理组(U组)和空白对照组(D组).在致伤后1、3、6、12和24h分别检测三组血清中白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)三种炎性细胞因子的含量.结果 与D组比较,H组致伤3h后IL-2和TNF-α开始明显升高,并分别于致伤后6h和12h达到峰值.U组IL-2和TNF-α升高幅度明显低于H组(P<0.01),且于致伤后24h基本恢复正常,而IL-10水平显著高于H组.结论 高强度聚焦超声致大鼠急性肝损伤后大鼠机体发生显著炎症反应,乌司他丁能下调致炎因子水平,并可上调抑炎性因子水平,阻断炎症反应,显示出一定的保护效应,改善预后.     

颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与脑梗死关系的研究

目的:研究颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与脑梗死发生的关系,以及血脂、血糖、纤维蛋白原(Fbg)等在颈动脉粥样硬化形成中的影响。方法:对51例脑梗死病人行颈动脉超声检查,按有无粥样硬化斑块分成两组,比较其神经功能缺损情况及血液中TC、TG、LDL、HDL-C、apoprotein Al、apoprotein B、空腹血糖(FBG)和Fbg的含量;观察梗死侧与非梗死侧的颈动脉粥样硬化斑块发生率。结果:脑梗死病人的颈动脉粥样硬化斑块发生率为70.6％,与无斑块组比较,两组的神经功能缺损评分差异元显著性(P>0.05)。斑块组TC、LDL、aporprotein B、FBG及Fbg较无斑块组增高(P<0.05),HDL-C的含量则降低(P<0.05);梗死侧颈动脉粥样硬化斑块发生率增高(P<0.05)。结论:定期颈动脉超声和对血脂血糖等检查,可作为早期发现和筛选脑梗死高危病人的重要手段。