重症急性胆源性胰腺炎内镜治疗时机探讨

目的探讨内镜治疗重症急性胆源性胰腺炎的时机。方法选择上海市第一人民医院1995年4月至2005年5月59例经内镜治疗的重症急性胆源性胰腺炎病例,分为早期治疗组(A组,<48h)31例,延迟治疗组(B组,>48h)28例。分别比较两组病例腹痛缓解时间、血淀粉酶恢复正常时间、平均住院天数及并发症发生情况。结果A组病例腹痛缓解时间、血淀粉酶恢复正常时间及平均住院天数均短于B组(P<0.05)。A组发生并发症5例,B组为9例。结论重症急性胆源性胰腺炎应尽早行内镜治疗。     

低剂量奥沙利铂并氟脲嘧啶对晚期复发直肠癌放疗增敏作用的临床观察

目的：观察奥沙利铂（L-OHP）并5-氟脲嘧啶、甲酰四氢叶酸钙（5-Fu／LV）配合放疗治疗晚期复发直肠癌患者的增效作用与毒性反应。方法：23例无法手术的晚期复发直肠癌患者进行盆腔放疗，在放疗的第1、5同前一天开始给予L-OHP30mg／m。静滴0．5h，LV100mg／m^2和5-Fu375mg／m^2静滴4h，连用4d。25例单纯放疗者为对照组。结果：放疗结束时，观察组局部症状缓解率较对照组高，尤其对会阴区下坠疼的改善明显（P〈0．05），且转移症状亦有所缓解。两组有效率分别为78．3％、48％（P〈0．05），完全缓解分别为8．7％、4．0％。主要毒副反应是消化道反应、神经毒性、静脉炎，骨髓抑制。结论：利用低剂量L-OHP并5-Fu／LV的增敏作用配合放疗治疗晚期、复发直肠癌可提高近期疗效，改善症状，尤其对于伴远外转移者，为理想、安全的治疗手段。     

金水清对大鼠肾小球系膜细胞增殖及凋亡的影响

目的:通过观察中药复方金水清对大鼠肾小球系膜细胞(mesangial cells,MC)增殖及凋亡的影响,探讨其治疗小儿血尿的作用机制.方法:以噻唑蓝法检测MC的增殖,荧光显微镜下观察MC的凋亡形态,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期及凋亡.结果:在1 000～62.5 μg/L浓度范围内,金水清能抑制MC增殖,可使G0～G1期细胞增高,S、G2-M期细胞减少,且呈浓度依赖关系,并能明显诱导MC凋亡.结论:MC是金水清发挥作用的重要靶细胞,金水清可能通过:(1)减少细胞有丝分裂,干扰细胞周期,抑制系膜细胞的增殖及代谢活性;(2)诱导系膜细胞的凋亡等环节发挥抑制MC增殖的作用,从而减少炎性因子的合成与释放,减少细胞外基质的聚积,达到治疗小儿血尿,延缓慢性肾脏病理进程的目的.     

光动力学疗法诱导人膀胱癌细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的:联合应用流式细胞仪和激光共聚焦显微镜研究叶绿素衍生物光动力学疗法诱导人膀胱癌细胞(T-24 and SCaBER)凋亡的现象.方法:光动力疗法体外作用于人膀胱癌T-24and SCaBER细胞,细胞凋亡指数采用双免疫荧光染色(Annexin V/PI)和流式细胞仪技术测定,凋亡细胞的形态学研究采用AO/EB双染色和激光共聚焦显微镜技术.结果:经光动力学作用后的膀胱癌细胞通过诱导凋亡而被抑制了细胞的活性.细胞被阻滞于G0～G1期.结论:叶绿素衍生物光动力学疗法通过诱导凋亡而抑制膀胱肿瘤的生长,激光共聚焦显微镜能提供更可靠的细胞早期凋亡的影像学资料.     

Anticoagulants and reduced thrombus load in abdominal aortic aneurysms assessed with three-dimensional contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination

ObjectiveThe relationship between intraluminal thrombus (ILT) and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) growth and rupture risk remains ambiguous. Studies have shown a limited effect of antiplatelet therapy on ILT size, whereas the impact of anticoagulant therapy on ILT is unresolved. This study aims to evaluate an association between antithrombotic therapy and ILT size assessed with three-dimensional contrast-enhanced ultrasound (3D-CEUS) examination in a cohort of patients with AAA.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, 309 patients with small AAAs were examined with 3D-CEUS. Patients were divided into three groups based on prescribed antithrombotic therapy: anticoagulant (n = 36), antiplatelet (n = 222), and no antithrombotic therapy (n = 51). Patient ILT size was calculated in volume and thickness and compared between the three groups.ResultsPatients on anticoagulants had a significantly lower estimated marginal mean ILT volume of 16 mL (standard error [SE], ±3.2) compared with 28 mL (SE, ±2.7) in the no antithrombotic group and 30 mL (SE, ±1.3) in the antiplatelet group when adjusting for AAA volume (P < .001) and comorbidities (P < .001). In addition, patients on anticoagulant therapy had significantly lower estimated marginal mean ILT thickness of 10 mm (SE, ±1.1) compared with 13 mm (SE, ±0.9) in the no antithrombotic group of and 13mm (SE, ±0.4) in the antiplatelet group when adjusting for AAA diameter (P = .03) and comorbidities (P = .035).ConclusionsA 3D-CEUS examination is applicable for ILT assessment and demonstrates that patients with AAA on anticoagulant therapy have lower ILT thickness and volume than patients with AAA on antiplatelet therapy and those without antithrombotic therapy. Causality between anticoagulants and ILT size, and extrapolation to AAA growth and rupture risk, is unknown and merits further investigations, to further nuance US-based AAA surveillance strategy.     

Females are less likely to receive best medical therapy for stroke prevention before and after carotid revascularization than males

BackgroundCurrent professional guidelines recommend best medical therapy (BMT) with statin agents and antiplatelet therapy for primary and secondary stroke prevention in patients with carotid artery stenosis. We aimed to assess the association of patient sex with preoperative BMT in patients undergoing carotid revascularization.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of Vascular Quality Initiative patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy or carotid artery stenting between January 2003 and February 2022. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association of patient sex with preoperative BMT after adjusting for sociodemographic, comorbidity, and disease severity characteristics. In-hospital outcomes were assessed by sex and preoperative BMT status.ResultsOf 214,008 patients who underwent carotid revascularization, 38.7% (n = 82,855) were female and 61.3% (n = 131,153) were male. Overall, 77.2% (n = 63,922) of females were on preoperative BMT, compared with 80.4% (n = 105,375) of males (P < .001). After adjusting for baseline differences, females had 11% lower odds of being on BMT compared with males (adjusted odds ratio, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.86-0.91). Postoperatively, females had 18% lower odds of being prescribed BMT than males (adjusted odds ratio, 0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.79-0.84). In-hospital stroke (1.20% vs 1.51%), death (0.37% vs 0.66%), and stroke/death (1.46% vs 1.98%) were all significantly lower for patients on BMT (all P < .001).ConclusionsThere is a significant discrepancy in the proportion of females versus males receiving preoperative BMT for stroke prevention before carotid artery revascularization. In-hospital outcomes are worse in patients without BMT, highlighting the importance of raising awareness and implementing targeted interventions to improve preoperative adherence to stroke prevention guidelines.     

Efficacies of extracorporeal shockwave therapy and low-level laser therapy in patients with plantar fasciitis

BackgroundVarious conservative treatment methods can be administered in the early stages of plantar fasciitis (PF). The aim of the treatment is to enable the patient to return to the physical activity as soon as possible.AimIn this study it was aimed to compare efficacies of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy (ESWT) and Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) on patients with PF.DesignA local prospective cross-sectional studySettingDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinic of Sakarya University, Faculty of MedicinePopulationPatients aged 18–70 years, having ongoing heel pain for at least 3 months, and not using oral and/or parenteral corticosteroids in the last 6 months.MethodsA total of 40 patients with PF included in the current study. Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Roles and Maudsley Score (RMS), American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Association Score (AOFAS) and Foot Function Index (FFI) questionnaire were performed for all patients. ESWT and LLLT groups comprised of 22 (55%) and 18 (45%) patients, respectively.ResultsWe found significant improvements in scores based on the VAS, RMS, AOFAS, FFI in patients with PF and it was sustained for 3 months (p = 0.001, for all scores). While decrease in scores based on the VAS and FFI in LLLT group was statistically more significant compared to ESWT group (p = 0.014, p = 0.013), there was statistically less significant decrease in scores on the AOFAS in LLLT group than that of ESWT group (p = 0.032).ConclusionsThe results of this study indicated significant improvements in terms of pain, functional status and daily life activities following the administration of either of the treatments. Furthermore, LLLT was found to be significantly more effective for alleviating pain than ESWT in the treatment of PF.     

美国胃肠病协会（AGA）所发布短肠综合征临床实践指导意见解读

短肠综合征（SBS）是由于疾病和（或）手术切除导致的肠道长度严重缩短、肠道面积显著减少的一种临床综合征。近年来,得益于对SBS病理机制认识的加深、肠外营养（PN）和小肠移植等技术的进步以及新治疗理念的兴起,SBS病人的预后有了显著改善,病人的生活质量和生存率显著提高。近期,美国胃肠病协会（AGA）组织专家更新了SBS临床处理的指导意见,旨在提供涵盖SBS处理原则的最佳实践建议,规范SBS的临床管理。该指导意见根据公开有效的医学证据,结合最近发表的系统综述和临床指南,从肠道解剖、营养评估、饮食、PN、口服补液、药物治疗、药物剂量、手术治疗、并发症预防等方面提出了12条在SBS诊治方面极为实用的建议。     

经动脉化疗栓塞同步微波消融与序贯联合微波消融治疗肝细胞癌的预后对比

目的 比较经动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）同步联合微波消融（MWA）与TACE序贯联合MWA治疗肝细胞癌（HCC）的有效性与安全性。方法 回顾性分析苏州大学附属第一医院单中心2016年2月至2021年3月间行TACE同步或序贯联合MWA治疗的HCC患者临床资料。主要观察指标为无进展生存（PFS）时间和3、6及12个月总体生存（OS）率,次要观察指标为消融针次、消融时间、肿瘤反应及并发症发生率。结果共63例患者纳入本研究,同步组29例,序贯联合组34例。两组患者的PFS时间[同步组（7.4±2.4）个月 vs序贯组（6.2±3.6）个月],3、6、12个月OS率（同步组100%、100%、96.6% vs 序贯组100%、97.1%、91.2%）,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。同步组平均消融针次[（1.5±0.5）次]及消融时间[（9.9±3.9）min]均低于序贯组（[ 2.1±0.7）次、（14.6±4.5）min],均存在统计学差异（P＜0.05）。两组患者肿瘤客观反应率（同步组79.4% vs 序贯组73.5%）和肿瘤控制率（同步组89.7% vs 序贯组88.2%）无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。两组患者不良反应及并发症发生率无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。结论 本研究初步结果显示TACE同步联合或序贯联合MWA两种方式均能有效控制HCC肿瘤进展,在近期疗效方面无差异。与序贯联合相比,TACE同步联合MWA治疗能减少消融针次及消融时间,且未增加并发症发生率。