Adapted physical exercise enhances activation and differentiation potential of satellite cells in the skeletal muscle of old mice

During ageing, a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and a decrease in muscle strength and endurance take place, in the condition termed sarcopenia. The mechanisms of sarcopenia are complex and still unclear; however, it is known that muscle atrophy is associated with a decline in the number and/or efficiency of satellite cells, the main contributors to muscle regeneration. Physical exercise proved beneficial in sarcopenia; however, knowledge of the effect of adapted physical exercise on the myogenic properties of satellite cells in aged muscles is limited. In this study the amount and activation state of satellite cells as well as their proliferation and differentiation potential were assessed in situ by morphology, morphometry and immunocytochemistry at light and transmission electron microscopy on 28‐month‐old mice submitted to adapted aerobic physical exercise on a treadmill. Sedentary age‐matched mice served as controls, and sedentary adult mice were used as a reference for an unperturbed control at an age when the capability of muscle regeneration is still high. The effect of physical exercise in aged muscles was further analysed by comparing the myogenic potential of satellite cells isolated from old running and old sedentary mice using an in vitro system that allows observation of the differentiation process under controlled experimental conditions. The results of this ex vivo and in vitro study demonstrated that adapted physical exercise increases the number and activation of satellite cells as well as their capability to differentiate into structurally and functionally correct myotubes (even though the age‐related impairment in myotube formation is not fully reversed): this evidence further supports adapted physical exercise as a powerful, non‐pharmacological approach to counteract sarcopenia and the age‐related deterioration of satellite cell capabilities even at very advanced age.     

英语语言训练在减轻精神分裂症患者精神残疾中的作用

目的探讨英语语言训练在减轻精神分裂症患者精神残疾中的作用。方法采用随机方法抽取我院62例精神分裂症患者,研究组32例,对照组30例。采用《住院护士观察量表》进行评定。研究组患者进行初级英语的听、读、说、写的教授和训练,每次30分钟,每天上午、下午各1次,时间6个月。结果训练后研究组积极因素较对照组显著增加(88.53±7.30 vs 83.19±6.78,P0.01);消极因素显著减少(9.53±3.88 vs 12.50±4.82,P0.05)。结论精神分裂症患者进行英语语言训练,对减轻精神残疾有较好的效果。     

Enhanced stretch reflex excitability of the soleus muscle in experienced swimmers

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of long-term participation to swimming on adaptations of spinal reflex excitability. To this end, mechanically induced stretch reflex (SR) and electrically induced Hoffmann (H-) reflex of the soleus muscle were investigated between swimmers with experience of more than 10 years and non-trained individuals while sitting at rest. The amplitude and the gain (stretch velocity vs. amplitude of the reflex response) of the SR were significantly greater in the swimming group than in the non-trained control group. Similarly, the responses of the H-reflex were also significantly greater in the swimming group than in the non-trained control group. Results of this study demonstrated that the spinal reflex excitability in experienced swimmers was far more enhanced than in non-trained individuals.     

认知康复训练对轻、中度阿尔茨海默病患者的作用

目的探讨认知康复训练对阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者的作用。方法将60例阿尔茨海默病患者分为研究组和对照组各30例,对照组给予常规剂量多奈哌齐治疗和常规护理,研究组在此基础上给予认知康复训练。治疗前及治疗6个月末分别对两组患者用简易精神状态量表(MMSE)评定痴呆状况、日常生活能力量表(ADL)评定日常生活能力。结果在治疗6月末,研究组MMSE评分较治疗前及同期对照组有显著升高(t=2.33,2.43;P<0.05),研究组ADL评分较治疗前及同期对照组有显著降低(t=2.23、2.14,P<0.05),对照组MMSE及ADL评分治疗前后差异无统计学意义(t=0.87、1.44,P>0.05)。结论认知康复训练有利于阿尔茨海默病患者认知功能和日常生活能力的恢复。     

加强医学物理实验教学条件建设提高人才培养质量

医学物理学是把物理学的原理和方法应用于人类疾病的预防、诊断、治疗和保健的一门交叉学科,在高等医学院校又是一门重要的基础课。医学物理学作为一门完整的课程教学体系,实验教学是其不可分割的重要组成部分。而实验又作为医学物理学习和研究的一种基本方法,对提高教学质量和学生创新能力的培养起着至关重要的作用。它不仅使学习医学物理知识的感性材料能够有效地获得,加深理解医学物理概念和规律形成的过程,学会使用基本仪器并独立进行实验的方法和技能的过程,更是使学生的创新意识、创新思维、创新能力得到培养,也是进一步培养学生的科学研究方法和科学态度的重要手段。换句话说,医学物理实验课程教学不仅关系到本门课程的教学和学习,还关系到相关课程的学习,特别是对学生后续课程的学习及实践能力、创新能力的培养都会产生重要影响。因此,为适应新形势,我校应在开放医学物理实验室、改革实验课程、创新教学手段、加强实验人员培训、网络化管理等方面进行改革,把科学研究全面渗透到本科教学中去,充分发挥实验教学在创新型人才培养中的作用,也为教学方法研究、教师科研及学生科技创新创造良好的环境。     

Active Control and Its Stress Effects

The effects of 5-fold injections of normal saline were studied in Wistar rats in two conditioned reflex situations: defense and alimentary. Intact animals developed conditioned pain avoidance reflex in repeated tail-flick test after 60 presentations over 3 days. Two injections of normal saline were sufficient for the formation of a stable negative stress status in experimental rats, which manifested by a drastic increase in tactile sensitivity persisting for 5 days after discontinuation of injections. Only 15% experimental rats vs. 40% intact animals developed the food-procuring response in a multialternative maze. Presumably, repeated injections of normal saline should be regarded as a potent negative stress factor modulating animals behavior, and these signs should be taken into consideration, when interpreting the effects observed in pharmacological investigations.     

神经肌肉电刺激模拟肌肉力量训练的生物力学研究

基于对电刺激模拟肌肉力量训练的理论与实践研究，结果表明：神经肌肉电刺激（NMES）的训练效果显著优于肌肉直接电刺激（MES），肌肉力量素质的增长与电刺激方式和刺激源的电特性有关；NMES能以较低的体能消耗完成肌肉力量的训练，适合作为常规训练前，中、后的辅助训练手段，NMES模拟肌肉力量训练的方式能满足肌肉功能群协调能力的同步发展。     

冠状动脉内支架术后的康复运动疗法

１１例行冠脉内支架术的患者，进行三阶段的康复运动程序，出院前采用非标准运动试验或分级运动试验进行康复评定，通过观察发现支架术后病人的康复训练进展速度较快，与文献报道的ＰＴＣＡ术后康复训练相比，各阶段运动强度较高，而心肌耗氧和ＲＰＥ较低，在出院前评定中心，支架术后康复病人亦达到较高的水平，说明支架术后病人坚持康复训练有益于体能的提高，心功能的改善，从而提高生活质量。     

儿童早期肌功能训练与错（牙合）畸形预防矫治

现代儿童错(牙合)畸形的矫治更强调早期预防与阻断,矫正理念是“咬合发育管理”,治疗儿童从出生后到恒牙替换萌出结束整个过程的咬合发育不良。儿童早期肌功能训练及错(牙合)畸形预防矫治应用“Muscle?Win”理论,早期预防与阻断错(牙合)畸形的发生,以期最终降低儿童错(牙合)畸形的发生率与严重程度。早期肌功能训练及错(牙合)畸形预防矫治器是一种功能矫治器,其特点是：1）其重建了上下咬合关系,控制上下颌骨的位置及生长;2）矫治器功能结构能训练舌肌、唇颊肌及颏肌的功能和矫正口呼吸习惯;3）恒牙萌出诱导槽能引导排列新萌出的恒牙;4）矫治器能恢复上下牙弓的形态与宽度。临床佩戴矫治器,能训练儿童口腔功能,去除口腔不良习惯,引导恒牙萌出,并对Ⅱ/Ⅲ类错(牙合)畸形和轻中度牙弓发育不良有矫治效果。儿童早期肌功能训练及错(牙合)畸形预防矫治有局限性,正确选择临床适应证及使用时机是保证疗效、防止临床过度治疗的关键。作为儿童错(牙合)畸形早期功能矫治的有益探索,早期肌功能训练及错(牙合)畸形预防矫治器正成为“咬合发育管理”临床技术体系的有机组成,并得到儿童口腔医学及口腔正畸学医生越来越多的重视。