Lack of sensitivity and specificity of the renal clearance of amylase/clearance of inulin ratio in experimental acute rat pancreatitis with a study on the renal handling of amylase

As there are controversies about the specificity and the sensitivity of the amylase clearance/inulin clearance ratio (Cam/Cin) in the diagnosis of pancreatitis, this ratio has been calculated: (a) in rats with induced pancreatitis with histologically proven lesions; (b) in toxic induced tubulopathy rats with lesions demonstrated histologically and biologically (enzymuria). Hyperamylasaemia was found in 86% of the pancreatitis rats at 24 h, 50% at 48 h and 25% at 60 h. The ratio Cam/Cin was elevated above 2 SD of the control values among 14% of the rats at 24 h, 50% at 48 h and 25% at 60 h. There were no changes in enzyme elimination rates in the urine as compared to control values. Renal histology remained normal. Histological scores expressing a severe haemorrhagic pancreatitis were identical at 24, 48 ad 60 h. In toxic induced tubulopathy rats, amylasaemia remained normal. but the Cam/Cin ratio only increased when the glomerular filtration rate was diminished by 90%. The diagnosis could only be made by hyperamylasaemia in 50% of the histologically proven pancreatitis in the rat. The use of the ratio Cam/Cin does not increase the frequency of a correct diagnosis. Finally, amylase must be only filtered by the kidney as no tubular enzymes appeared in the urine of pancreatitis rats. Furthermore, this ratio is not specific for pancreatitis as it could be elevated in other pathologic states such as severe renal failure.     

人参皂苷Re抑制心肌缺血再灌注损伤中性粒细胞浸润和髓过氧化物酶活性的研究

目的 :观察人参皂苷Re对心肌缺血再灌注中性粒细胞 (PMNs)浸润及髓过氧化物酶 (MPO)活性的影响 ,探讨人参皂苷Re对心肌缺血再灌注损伤的防治作用。方法 :结扎SD大鼠左冠状动脉前降支 (LAD) ,建立大鼠缺血再灌注动物模型 ;苏木精 伊红染色光镜检测心肌组织中PMNs浸润的数量 ;MPO法测定心肌MPO活性。结果 :①心肌缺血再灌注后 ,光镜下假手术组未发现PMNs ,缺血再灌注组和人参皂苷Re治疗组 (简称Re治疗组 )PMNs浸润明显增加。缺血再灌注组PMNs数为 (8.16 6 7± 1.14 72 )个 /视野 ;Re治疗组为 (4 .5 0 0 0±1.0 4 88)个 /视野 ;两者与假手术组比较差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1) ;Re治疗组与缺血再灌注组相比 ,PMNs浸润明显减少 ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1)。②缺血再灌注组、Re治疗组MPO活性均较假手术组明显增加(P <0 .0 1) ,Re治疗组与缺血再灌注组相比MPO活性明显降低 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :心肌缺血再灌注诱导PMNs的浸润和MPO活性的增加 ,人参皂苷Re可显著抑制心肌缺血再灌注PMNs浸润和MPO活性     

Reutilisation of Water Contaminated by Mining Waste for the Encapsulation of Potentially Toxic Elements

Mining activities are essential for a population’s development; however, they also produce negative effects such as the production of waste, an impact on flora and water pollution. On the other hand, construction is one of the sectors which is most demanding of raw materials, with one of the main such materials being water. For this reason, this research evaluates the feasibility of incorporating water contaminated by mining waste into ceramic materials for bricks. In this way, the use of water is reduced and, on the other hand, the contaminating elements of the mining water are encapsulated in the ceramic matrix. To achieve this, the clay used and the contaminated water were first analysed, then different families of samples were conformed with different percentages of contaminated water. These samples were tested to determine their physical and mechanical properties. At the same time, leachate tests were carried out to determine that the ceramic material created did not cause environmental problems. The test results showed that the physical and mechanical properties of the ceramics were not influenced by the addition of contaminated water. On the other hand, the leachate tests showed that encapsulation of most of the potentially toxic elements occurred. However, the use of contaminated water as mixing water for ceramics could only be performed up to 60%, as higher percentages would leach impermissible arsenic concentrations. Accordingly, a new way of reusing water contaminated by mining activities is developed in this study, taking advantage of resources, avoiding environmental pollution and creating economic and environmentally friendly end products.     

免疫抑制剂对人胰岛细胞的毒性作用

目的 探讨临床常用免疫抑制剂对人胰岛细胞的直接毒性作用.方法 应用体外分离纯化后培养的人胰岛细胞,以刺激系数和丫啶橙/碘丙啶染色为效应指标,检验低、中、高不同浓度免疫抑制剂对人胰岛细胞的直接毒性作用.结果 体外培养3天后,低浓度免疫抑制剂未表现出胰岛毒性作用;中浓度免疫抑制剂对胰岛的毒性不同,以他克莫司为重;高浓度免疫抑制剂有较强的胰岛毒性.结论 免疫抑制剂对人胰岛细胞直接毒性作用与浓度相关,选择低胰岛毒性免疫抑制方案有助于提高胰岛移植成功率.     

小窝蛋白1与ARDS的关系研究进展

小窝蛋白1(Caveolin-1,cav-1)是小窝的重要结构蛋白和调节蛋白,参与多种信号转导途径,调控物质跨膜转运,调节细胞增殖与凋亡.目前研究发现cav-1参与ARDS的发生、发展过程,但cav-1对ARDS患者发挥保护作用还是损伤作用仍不明确,本文就cav-1在ARDS的作用作一综述.