慢性鼻窦炎对中耳听阈的影响

目的 探讨慢性鼻窦炎对中耳听阈的影响。方法 对53例慢性鼻窦炎病人、10例健康成人行纯音测听。采用多状态Logistic回归模型，对慢性鼻窦炎可能影响听阈的因素进行评价。结果 ①53例中，正常听阈35例（66．04％），轻度聋16例（30．19％），中度聋2例（3．77％）。②各频率鼻窦炎组与对照组、鼻窦炎各分型之间听阈比较，有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。③慢性鼻窦炎对中耳听阈的影响因素中，经过多状态Logistic回归模型的逐步筛选，显示2项因素可能影响听阈，即筛窦CT分型呈硬化型，鼻窦炎分型分期较重时。结论 ①慢性鼻窦炎可影响听阈，随慢性鼻窦炎分型分期加重，听力损伤加重。②筛窦呈硬化型、鼻窦炎分型分期重时，可能影响最大。     

光照黄斑部试验的临床研究─—眼底病患者MPT的改变及其机理的探讨

７９只眼底病患眼的光照黄斑部试验（ＭＰＴ）结果显示：中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变、老年性黄斑变性渗出型和Ｒｉｅｇｅｒ型中心性渗出性脉络膜视网膜病变患眼的光照黄斑恢复时间显著延长，其它黄斑部病变患眼也有不同程度的延长。本文结合眼底荧光血管造影和黄斑视野域值试验对光照黄斑部试验的机理进行了探讨。     

Threshold for occluded formaldehyde patch test in formaldehyde-sensitive patients

Our purpose was to investigate the eliciting threshold concentration of formaldehyde in formaldehyde-sensitive individuals in the occluded and non-occluded patch teat and to evaluate the relationship in repeated open application test (ROAT) with a product containing a formaldehyde releaser. 20 formaldehyde-sensitive patients and a control group of 20 healthy volunteer were included in the study. Occluded and non-occluded patch tests with formaldehyde solutions form 25 to 10,000 ppm. and ROAT for I week with a leave-on cosmetic product containing on average 300 ppm formaldehyde. Were carried out simultaneously on each subject. In the occluded patch test. 1/2 of the 20 patients only reacted to 10,000 ppm formaldehyde. 9 reacted to 5,000 ppm. 3 reacted to 1.000 ppm. 2 reacted to 500 ppm and I reacted to 25 ppm. No definite positive reactions were observed in the non-occluded patch test or in the ROAT No positive reactions were observed in the control group to any of the test procedures. We concluded that the threshold concentration for occluded patch test to formaldehyde in formaldehyde-sensitive patients was 250 ppm. The threshold in occluded patch test corresponded to the degree of sensitivity Definite positive reactions in the ROAT were not seen, either indicating that they are unlikely to happen with the type of product used or that the exposure time was too short.     

骨质疏松与病理性骨折的相关性研究

目的本研究通过定量CT进行骨密度的测定，分析随着年龄增加骨密度的变化，确定易发生骨折的骨密度标准值，即骨折阈值；并为预防骨质疏松症的发生提供理论依据。方法选择来我院就诊的深圳地区骨折患者男性60人，女性64人，通过X线平片确定为骨质疏松性骨折。用定量CT（QCT）测量椎体横断面中部的松质骨结构，通过软件处理得到L1、L2、L3总的松质骨中骨矿（Ca—HA）密度数值（mg／cm^3）。结果①骨密度值与年龄呈负相关，随着年龄增长骨密度随之降低，按P〈0．05确定易发生骨折的BMD阈值，男性为109．26mg／cm^3，女性为100．19mg/cm^3；②男性和女性间椎体、髋骨骨质疏松性骨折均有显著差别（P〈0．01）桡骨及其他部位骨折男性和女性间无差别（P〉0．05）。结论①男性易发生骨质疏松性骨折的骨密度阈值为109．26mg／cm^3，女性为100．19mg/cm^3；②随着年龄的增大，骨密度的丢失导致骨质疏松。骨质疏松是病理性骨折的病理基础，外力作用是骨质疏松性骨折的诱因。     

有训练者和无训练者的心功能和无氧阈的关系

本文观察了10名游泳运动员和10名实验室工作人员在递增负荷运动中心功能的变化及其与无氧阈的关系.结果为:(1)游泳队员的无氧阈值明显高于无训练的实验室工作人员;(2)运动中每搏量稳定时的强度与无氧阈强度是密切相关的;(3)运动至无氧阈强度以后,心输出量的增加主要靠心率的增加来维持;(4)无训练者在运动一开始就动用心力储备,增加心率和每搏量,而游泳队员则在运动至40W以后才开始增加心率和每搏量.这些结果表明,无氧阈与心功能具有很密切的关系,可用它来反映心功能的好坏.     

热环境劳动过程中机体的调节与适应

通过对冶金、锻造、铸造、陶瓷、纺织、印染、铁路、航运等行业的16个作业环境热环境参数和工人生理反应关系的调查,对现行的高温作业分级标准不足之处提出了一些看法,并认为IS0提出的热环境下机体反应的阈限值对我国亦是适宜的。经统计学分析发现,作业环境的计算温度和工人平均体温之间有明显相关(r=0.86)。不同气温下464名工人的主观感觉调查表明,35℃时100％的工人都有热或很热的感觉。     

起搏器更换时原起搏电极导线参数及更换指标分析

目的:分析74例更换起搏器时电极导线的各项参数的变化并探讨导线更换指标。方法:本组年龄12~87(62.8±18.4)岁,其中病窦综合征45例,房室传导阻滞29例,均为单腔VVI起搏。结果:至测量时原心室起搏电极导线的埋置时间60~148(97.4±22.8)月,首次埋置时起搏阈值为(0.48±0.24)V,更换时为(1.29±0.64)V(P(0.01),增加0.81V,增幅为168%,首次植入时R波幅为(7.8±3.6)mV,更换时为(5.9±3.4)mV(P(0.05)。植入时电极导线阻抗为(664±122)Ω,更换时阻抗为(726±148)Ω,增幅9.3%(P(0.05)。7例因起搏阈值大于2.0 V或阻抗大于1 250Ω而重新植入电极导线。原电极导线使用率为90.5%。结论:埋置起搏电极导线8~9年后,90.5%原电极导线仍在可使用的范围内,能否支持到再次更换需进一步随访。     

听神经病的纯音听阈检查结果分析

目的 探讨听神经病纯音听阈(PTT)检查的特征。方法 对48例听神经病患者的PTT检查结果进行分析，并与耳蜗性聋进行对照比较。结果 听神经病的PTT图有上升型、峰型、匙型、W型、倒S型、水平型和缓降型。双耳对称的PTT图有38例，不对称的有10例。听神经病的听阈升高程度呈轻、中度。左右耳听阈升高程度基本一致。低频听阈升高或以低频听阈升高为主的PTT图型占93．75％(90／96耳)。结论 双耳对称或基本对称的低频听阈升高或以低频听阈升高为主是听神经病的重要特征。     

The treatment of hypertension

1 A 'retrospective' of the development of the drug treatment of hypertension is presented from the early days of ganglion blockers to the present time together with a review of the evidence of benefit from treatment.
2 Current issues and debates are summarised including shortfalls in the control of hypertension in populations, difficulties surrounding the measurement of blood pressure, disagreement on the levels of blood pressure to treat, the goal blood pressures to aim at, issues surrounding lifestyle measures such as the low salt diet and low intensity exercise, and treatment with diuretics and with calcium antagonists.
3 A 'perspective' is presented on some avenues for progress in the years ahead. These will include the identification of genetic markers to determine the hypertensive individuals with the greatest risk of death and of cardiovascular complications.     

Three antidepressants (amitriptyline,dothiepin, fluoxetine), with and without alcohol,compared with placebo on tests of psychomotor ability related to car driving

Eight female volunteers received acute doses of amitriptyline 50 mg (AMI), dothiepin 50 mg (DOT), fluoxetine 40 mg (FLU) or placebo both with and without a ‘social’ dose of alcohol (ALC) equivalent to 0·5 g/kg body weight absolute alcohol. Performance on a variety of tests of psychomotor ability and cognitive function (critical flicker fusion, choice reaction time, tracking, Maddox Wing and simulated car steering) were performed at 1·5 and 4 hours following treatment. AMI and DOT both with and without ALC impaired performance on a range of tests at either or both 1·5 and 4 hours, although the effects of AMI and AMI + ALC were more widespread and severe than those found with either DOT or DOT + ALC. FLU and FLU + ALC showed no evidence of impairment on any test at either the 1·5 or the 4 hours assessments. The results suggest that there are differences between the experimental substances, at the doses used, in their intrinsic potential for impairing aspects of psychomotor performance and cognitive function.