支气管动脉栓塞术治疗咯血的疗效分析

目的 评价支气管动脉栓塞术治疗咯血的临床疗效.方法 对45例咯血患者用明胶海绵颗粒、聚乙烯醇(PVA)微球栓塞剂行支气管动脉栓塞术.结果 45例患者均成功行支气管动脉栓塞术,41例咯血完全控制,4例复发,复发率8.9%,5例患者术后出现胸痛和低热不适,无需特别处理,可自行缓解,未出现穿刺部位血肿和截瘫等并发症.结论 支气管动脉栓塞术是治疗咯血的一种快速、安全、有效的方法.     

Learning to Observe Relationships and Coping

Milieu relationships provide the critical background presence to staff's attempts to motivate, regulate, and teach patients how to cope with stress. Forging a connection with hospitalized children and adolescents demands attention to how they respond to adults and engage with staff around milieu expectations. Assessment guides that deal with these issues are presented. Important aspects of children's relatedness are presented in the context of their working models of adults and the influence of these representations on their response to staff. Coping skills are explained with particular emphasis on behavioral coping strategies. Tied to the assessment process are interventions that emphasize staff's role in helping patients manage strong affects and avoid the use of nonproductive behavior regulation strategies.     

子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤89例报告

目的 评价子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫肌瘤的近期疗效。方法 89例子宫肌瘤患者，采用Seldinger技术分别作左右子宫动脉主干插管检查和栓塞治疗，栓塞剂采用聚乙稀醇颗粒(PVA)或白芨混合颗粒。结果 72例(80．9％)完成随访，随访时间1～28个月。有94．1％(64／68)的患者月经复常；治疗后瘤体缩小25．2％～76．8％(M=41．3％)。除了术中术后疼痛(65例)和发热(16例)外，有2例因肌瘤坏死行子宫切除术，1例出现卵巢早衰。结论 子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫肌瘤的近期疗效满意，远期疗效尚待进一步观察。     

Flavocoxid is as effective as naproxen for managing the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis of the knee in humans: a short-term randomized,double-blind pilot study

Flavocoxid (Limbrel), a proprietary mixture of flavonoid molecules (baicalin and catechin), was tested against a traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, naproxen, for the management of the signs and symptoms of moderate osteoarthritis (OA) in humans. Discomfort and global disease activity were used as the primary end points, and safety assessments were also taken for both treatments as a secondary endpoint. In this double-blind study, 103 subjects were randomly assigned to receive either flavocoxid [500 mg twice daily (BID)] or naproxen (500 mg BID) in a 1-month onset of action trial. Outcome measures included the short Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index, subject Visual Analogue Scale for discomfort and global response, and investigator Visual Analogue Scale for global response and fecal occult blood. Both flavocoxid and naproxen showed significant reduction in the signs and symptoms of knee OA (P ≤ .001). There were no statistically detectable differences between the flavocoxid and naproxen groups with respect to any of the outcome variables. Similarly, there were no statistically detectable differences between the groups with respect to any adverse event, although there was a trend toward a higher incidence of edema and nonspecific musculoskeletal discomfort in the naproxen group. In this short-term pilot study, flavocoxid was as effective as naproxen in controlling the signs and symptoms of OA of the knee and would present a safe and effective option for those individuals on traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. A low incidence of adverse events was reported for both groups.     

普外科住院患者营养状况评价

目的　调查本院 2 0 0 2～ 2 0 0 3年间普外科住院患者的营养状况。方法　采用多项营养评价指标测定 4 0 12例非急诊住院患者营养状况 ,分析年龄、疾病等因素与营养状况之间关系。结果　各项指标进行营养评价得出本院普外科非急诊患者营养不良的发生率分别是 :BMI 2 1 3% ,TSF5 0 6 % ,MAC 2 0 5 % ,AMC 2 1 2 % ,SGA 38 0 % ,MNA 2 0 8% ,ALB 2 4 2 % ,PA 35 4 % ,TLC 5 5 8%。 >6 0岁组老年患者、消化道疾病患者及恶性肿瘤患者营养不良发生率分别高于≤ 6 0岁患者、消化道外疾病患者及良性疾病患者 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　本院普外科住院患者的营养不良发生率为 2 0 5 %～ 5 5 8% ,不同的营养评价指标得出的营养不良发生率不同。     

多层螺旋CT在肝癌介入治疗中的价值

目的　评价多层螺旋CT(MSCT)在肝癌(HCC)介入治疗中的指导作用,着重研究对肝动脉化疗栓塞的价值。方法　对54例HCC患者先行MSCT检查,分别观察肝动脉期、门静脉期和肝静脉期肿瘤及其并发症的影像表现;其中12例行CTA检查,42例应用MIP或MPR观察腹腔动脉的解剖和走行,根据影像表现拟订治疗方案。结果　54 例患者MSCT发现HCC病灶225个,门静脉瘤栓10例,动静脉瘘14例。MSCT对肿瘤数目、门静脉瘤栓显示率与 DSA无显著差异 (P>0.05)。CTA对于显示腹腔动脉及其主要分支的解剖三维结构优于后前位 DSA,观察与腹主动脉夹角较 DSA更方便。MSCT发现肝动脉起源变异5例,与DSA完全符合。结论　MSCT对于肝癌肝动脉化疗栓塞有重要指导意义。     

A literature review exploring how healthcare professionals contribute to the assessment and control of postoperative pain in older people

Little research has examined the care older people receive in the acute surgical setting. Although pain assessment and management are judged to be a priority in nursing, often pain, in older people, is undermanaged for a variety of reasons. Factors such as stoicism, communication and ageism can shape both the patients’ and nurses’ attitude towards the perception of pain which subsequently affects pain management. Through a review of the literature, this paper aims to: (i) identify how healthcare professionals contribute to the assessment and control of postoperative pain in older people and (ii) explore potential barriers to achieving more advantageous pain control in this group. It is suggested that to improve pain management there is a need to individualize pain assessment for older people and to assist clinicians with enhancing their education and decision‐making abilities in this field. This may best be achieved by supporting a programme of change to develop the skills of staff and encouraging learning through reflective practice. There is however a need for further research in this area.     

42例室性心动过速治疗的临床分析

本文介绍了42例室性心动过速的临床资料和特点,讨论了早期后除极与室性心动过速的关系,并探讨各型室速的治疗。     

Clinical and Actuarial Prediction of Physical Violence in a Forensic Intellectual Disability Hospital: A Longitudinal Study

Background There is a high rate of physical violence in populations with intellectual disabilities, and this has been linked to problems for the victim, the assailant, members of staff and services. Despite the clinical significance of this behaviour, few studies have assessed methods of predicting its occurrence. The present study examined clinical and actuarial methods of predicting violence in a forensic intellectual disability hospital. Methods The sample for the study consisted of people resident in the hospital during a 1‐year period (n = 124). Clinical prediction used a risk rating made by members of the person's clinical team, whereas actuarial prediction used the number of violent incidents in the 6‐months before the date of the clinical risk assessment. Computerized hospital records of violence in the 6 months after the assessment were used to examine the predictive accuracy of the two methods. Results The clinical method produced an area under the curve of 0.74 (95% CI: 0.65–0.83) in a receiver–operating characteristic curve analysis. The value for the actuarial method was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.69–0.86). Both methods performed at levels significantly above chance, but no one method was found to be superior to the other. Conclusions These findings suggest that it is possible to predict who is at risk of violence in forensic populations with intellectual disabilities. Here, the authors discuss the clinical implications of these findings and the clinical application of risk prediction within clinical services.