关节镜下膝前交叉韧带与后交叉韧带联合重建

[目的]探讨膝关节双交叉韧带损伤的临床特点,评估关节镜下前交叉韧带(ACL)与后交叉韧带(PCL)联合重建的技术和效果。[方法]自2001年9月~2005年2月,13例病人(13膝)经关节镜检查证实ACL和PCL均断裂,其中5膝伴后内侧角(PMC)、内侧副韧带损伤(MCL),4膝伴后外侧角损伤(PLC),2膝伴外侧半月板破裂,1膝伴内侧半月板损伤,3膝伴腘动脉损伤,2膝伴腓总神经损伤。7例病人于损伤后急性期入院,2膝于急性期行腘血管探查修复,4膝行膝后内侧角、内侧副韧带修复。13例病人于伤后4~12周在关节镜下行自体移植物单束ACL和PCL联合重建术,其中4例同期后1/2股二头肌腱重建后PLC,1例同期阔筋膜PMC、MCL重建。[结果]本组术后早期均未发生严重并发症。术后随访10~39个月,平均(21.85±9.28)个月,Lysholm膝关节功能评分为75~95分,平均(86.54±6.89)分。国际膝关节文件编制委员会(IKDC)综合评定由术前显著异常(D级)13例,改进为随访时正常(A级)3例、接近正常(B级)8例、异常(C级)2例。13例病人中,11例恢复至伤前运动水平,2例运动水平较伤前减低。[结论]膝关节双交叉韧带损伤多伴有其它重要结构损伤,需妥善处理合并损伤。关节镜下自体移植物联合单束重建ACL和PCL创伤小、手术操作精细,术后膝关节功能恢复满意。     

辐照氟银肌腱的生物力学和组织形态学变化

目的　探讨辐照氟银肌腱的生物力学性质及形态学变化。方法　肌腱随机分为 3组 :辐照氟银肌腱 (A组 ) ,深低温冷冻肌腱 (B组 )与新鲜肌腱 (C组 )。观察各组生物力学及形态学组织学的变化。结果　辐照氟银组最大载荷和抗张强度明显大于其它各组 (P <0 .0 1) ;组织形态学上各处理组均不同于正常肌腱 ,辐照氟银组光镜下几无细胞 ,纤维呈波浪形 ,深低温冷冻肌腱组细胞很少 ,纤维间距大。结论　辐照氟银肌腱的生物力学和组织形态学改变适合用于异体移植     

自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带术后两种康复程序效果比较

目的：观察自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带术后两种不同康复程序的效果。方法：单侧自体腘绳肌腱重建膝关节前交叉韧带手术的患者60例,其中保守康复组36例,激进康复组24例。术后6个月时比较关节活动度、髌上10cm处双侧大腿周径差值、Lysholm评分、IKDC评分、关节稳定性和MRI检查移植物骨隧道直径。结果：两组术后6个月比较,膝关节活动度无明显差异;髌上10cm处双侧大腿周径差值无明显差异;Lysholm评分无明显差异;IKDC评分有明显差异;关节稳定性检查均为阴性;MRI检查移植物骨隧道扩大有明显差异。结论：自体腘绳肌肌腱重建膝关节前交叉韧带术后早期康复可以改善膝关节功能,但是并非越激进越好,应以适度康复为原则。     

Substance P increases CCN2 dependent on TGF-beta yet Collagen Type I via TGF-beta1 dependent and independent pathways in tenocytes

Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFbeta-1) and connective tissue growth factor (CCN2) are important mediators of tissue repair and fibrosis, with CCN2 functioning as a downstream mediator of TGFβ-1. Substance P (SP) is also linked to collagen production in tenocytes. A link between SP, TGFbeta-1 and CCN2 has yet to be established in tenocytes or fibrogenic processes. We sought to determine whether SP induces tenocyte proliferation, CCN2, or collagen production via TGFbeta-1 signaling or independently in rat primary tenocytes. Tenocytes were isolated from rat tendons, cultured and stimulated by SP and/or TGFbeta-1. Cultured cells expressed proteins characteristic of tenocytes (vimentin and tenomodulin) and underwent increased proliferation dose dependently after SP and TGFbeta-1 treatments, alone or combined (more than SP alone when combined). SP induced TGFbeta-1 expression in tenocytes in both dose- and time-dependent manners. SP and TGFbeta-1, alone or combined, stimulated CCN2 expression in tenocytes and their supernatants after both 24 and 48 h of stimulation; a response blocked with addition of a TGFbeta-1 receptor inhibitor. In contrast, SP potentiated collagen type I secretion by tenocytes, a response abrogated by the TGFbeta-1 receptor inhibitor after 48 h of stimulation, but not after the shorter 24 h of stimulation. Our findings suggest that both SP and TGFbeta-1 can stimulate tenocyte fibrogenic processes, albeit differently. TGFbeta-1 pathway signaling was involved in CCN2 production at all time points examined, while SP induced collagen type I production independently prior to the onset of signaling through the TGFbeta-1 pathway.     

关节镜下自体半腱肌腱重建膝关节前交叉韧带

目的探讨关节镜下自体半腱肌腱重建膝关节前交叉韧带的临床疗效。方法经临床及膝关节镜检查诊断的膝前交叉韧带 (ACL)损伤患者 18例 ,男 10例 ,女 8例 ,平均年龄 2 4.75 (18～45 )岁 ,确诊后即取自体半腱肌 ,在镜视下行等长重建 ,两端分别用螺钉固定于股骨下端及胫骨上端悬吊固定。术后配合石膏固定 4周。结果术后平均随访 7.2 (3～ 14 )月 ,临床效果优良者 15例。Lysholm膝部评分术前 3 2 .6± 12 .3 ,术后82 .2± 11.7(P <0 .0 1)。结论关节镜下自体三股半腱肌重建ACL手术创伤小 ,效果良好。还可同时对关节内其他合并症进行诊断及手术 ,值得临床推广应用     

壮医经筋三联疗法在腰肌劳损中的应用

目的通过对腰肌劳损病人实施壮医经筋三联疗法,进行壮医经筋三联疗法的疗效分析。方法将100例病人,采用壮医经筋三联疗法治疗。于治疗前和治疗后进行腰部疼痛评分,同时,查阅文献,探讨腰肌劳损治疗中应用壮医经筋三联疗法的理论依据。结果治疗前和治疗后5次、10次、15次的腰部疼痛评分分别为(6.75±1.43)(4.79±1.64)(3.16±1.49)(1.89±1.51),临床总有效率分别为48.00%、81%和98.00%,比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。并发现腰肌劳损的发病既有局部的因素,也有全身的因素。结论壮医经筋三联疗法是通过经络、腧穴的良性刺激调整作用达到防治疾病的目的,在治疗过程中重视梳理筋结,坚持"以灶为腧",强调通调脏腑经络来促进疾病康复,并主张治疗时间要间隔,在康复前要定期治疗,使有效率提高,康复率高。     

Sonographic anatomy of the ankle

Ankle sonography is one of the most commonly ordered examinations in the field of osteoarticular imaging, and it requires intimate knowledge of the anatomic structures that make up the joint. For practical purposes, the examination can be divided into four compartments, which are analyzed in this pictorial essay: the anterior compartment, which includes the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus tendons; the accessory peroneus tertius tendon; and the extensor retinaculum; the medial compartment (tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallucis longus tendons; the flexor retinaculum; the medial collateral—or deltoid—ligament, and the neurovascular bundle); the lateral compartment (peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, and peroneus quartus tendons; superior and inferior peroneal retinacula, lateral collateral ligament); and the posterior compartment (Achilles tendon, plantaris tendon, Kagar’s triangle, superficial, and deep retrocalcaneal bursae). Scanning techniques are briefly described to ensure optimal visualization of the various anatomic structures.     

自体与非放射线处理同种异体肌腱重建前交叉韧带的荟萃分析

背景：当今,前交叉韧带重建是修复膝关节前交叉韧带损伤的常用方法,但就重建移植物的选择问题尚存在不少争议。
　　目的：比较自体与非放射线处理的同种异体肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带临床疗效的差异。
　　方法：计算机检索 PubMed/Medline 数据库以及手工检索国内外公开发表的有关自体与非放射线处理的同种异体肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带的随机对照试验,所有文献检索截止至2014年7月12日。应用RevMan5.2软件进行数据统计分析,输入数据时采取双人核对以确保准确无误。
　　结果与结论：共纳入6项随机对照试验,累计858例受试对象,其中自体肌腱组441例,非放射线处理的同种异体肌腱组417例。荟萃分析结果显示,自体与非放射性处理的同种异体肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带的总IKDC评分[相对危险度=1.02,95%置信区间(0.99-1.06),P=0.21];松弛度[均数差=-0.13,95%置信区间(-0.29至-0.02),P=0.09];Lachman试验[相对危险度=1.04,95%置信区间(0.95-1.13),P=0.37];pivot shift试验[相对危险度=1.00,95%置信区间(0.95-1.05),P=0.96];one-leg hop试验[相对危险度=1.01,95%置信区间(0.96-1.06),P=0.77];Lysholm评分[均数差=-0.64,95%置信区间(-1.45-0.17),P=0.12];Tegner评分[均数差=0.16,95%置信区间(-0.16-0.47), P=0.34]以及并发症发生率[相对危险度=1.42,95%置信区间(0.67-3.04),P=0.36]的差异无显著性意义。以上结果表明,自体与非放射线处理的同种异体肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带的临床疗效并无明显差异,但鉴于此研究存在一定局限性,此结论有待更多更高质量的随机对照试验进一步证实。     

左室假腱索137例的临床分析

对1944例连续受检者,用超声心动图检测其假健素,在980例有器质性心血管病者中,发现左室假腱素68例、占6.93％(68/980);在964例无器质性心血管病者中,发现左室假腱素69例、占7.16％(69/964)。两组检出率无显著差异(X~2=0.03554,P>0.05)。对左室假腱素引起的心脏杂音和窒性心律失常的机制、临床特征和意义亦进行了讨论。