Endocrinology: Intravenous albumin does not prevent the development of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in an in-vitro fertilization programme

A cohort study was undertaken to compare the effect at the timeof oocyte retrieval of the i.v. administration of either 1000ml of lactated Ringer' solution or 1000 ml of a 5% solutionof human albumin on in-vitro fertilization patients at riskfor severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). A totalof 207 patients with an oestradiol concentration > 10 000pmol/l and/or > 15 follicles (>10 mm diameter) on theday of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) injection were reviewed.Of these, 158 women received 500 ml of lactated Ringer’ssolution both before and after egg retrieval, and 49 women receivedtwo infusions of 500 ml of 5% human albumin in normal salineat the time of egg retrieval. Severe OHSS developed in two patientswho received human albumin and in 10 women who did not receivethe albumin. This difference was not statistically significant.There were no differences between the two groups in terms ofage, number of follicles punctured at transvaginal oocyte retrievalor oestradiol concentration at the time of HCG injection. Theadministration of a 5% human albumin solution does not preventthe development of severe OHSS in at risk patients. It doesappear to blunt the severity of the condition.     

Data Bank and Consulting System for Medical Management of Patiens with Acute Radiation Sickness

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Assessment of tardive dyskinesia by means of digital image processing

A wireless device for the assessment of tardive dyskinesia by means of digital image processing is presented. Four skin-cream dots placed around the subjects' mouth are recorded by a video camera. The image is passed to a framegrabber with a signal processor, where it is converted from analogue to digital. A fast spot-detecting algorithm implemented on the signal processor tracks the dots and passes the information to a personal computer, where a Fourier transformation is performed to calculate the frequency spectrum of the movements. The device provided detailed information on the magnitude and on the frequencies of the movements. Data from a longitudinal investigation suggest a higher sensitivity and reliability than conventional rating scales to detect and evaluate abnormal perioral movements. The device might be useful for the early detection, for the longitudinal assessment (p.e. clinical trials) and in some cases for the differential diagnosis of tardive dyskinesia, thus providing a tool for both research and clinical purposes.     

肾综合征出血热内分泌组织中的病毒抗原、病变及其关系

作者应用免疫细胞化学法研究了HFRS尸检内分泌及其有关组织中病毒抗原的分布,病毒抗原阳性细胞与病变的关系,病变的类型及病毒感染对胰腺内胰岛素表达的影响,所用的一抗有抗肾综合征出血热(HFRS)病毒糖蛋白(G_2),核蛋白(NP)及血凝素(HA)抗原的单克隆抗体(15种)和多克隆抗体(PAb)以及抗胰岛素(INS)单克隆抗体。结果显示,内分泌组织中有两种染色形态的病毒抗原,一种是胞浆弥漫染色的抗原,为G_2,NP或HA阳性,阳性细胞弥漫分布,另一种是以病毒包涵体(IB)形式出现的颗粒性抗原,MAbs染色多为实性,PAb染色多为空泡状。在9例胰腺组织中,有4例几乎在所有腺上皮细胞和少数胰岛细胞均为IB阳性,但PAb染色可在胰岛细胞中显示出空泡状IB。在其它内分泌组织中,IB只在少数细胞中出现。抗原阳性细胞很少出现坏死,但在脑垂体及肾上腺灶性或片状凝固性坏死区域也有弥漫性抗原阳性及IB存在。胰腺组织的胰岛素染色显示,除1例胰岛INS强阳性,其余8例均有明显的INS染色减弱及阳性细胞减少的表现。结果提示,内分泌组织中有两种病变,即以IB为特征的病毒直接感染引起的细胞病变,是病毒的弱致病变作用,该病变可能对细胞的内分泌功能产生影响;另一种病变是组织的灶性或大片性同步性凝固性坏死,是继发于病毒感染后的出血和休克,该病变会     

颞颌关节继发性滑膜炎的临床诊断

颞颌关节滑膜炎分为原发性和继发性两种，颞颌关节紊乱综合症的滑膜炎为继发性滑膜炎。本文通过对１０６例颞颌关节紊乱综合症患者的临床检查、关节许氏位以及关节上腔造影的Ｘ线检查，同时对４２例进行了关节内窥镜检查，在此基础上探讨了继发性滑膜炎的临床诊断标准．作者认为急性滑膜炎主要是以关节疼痛和滑膜血管的改变为主，慢性滑膜炎的临床症状与滑膜组织改变以及关节骨组织的改变均有关系。     

HELLP syndrome associated with factor V R506Q mutation

The pathogenesis of HELLP (haemolysis, elevated liver enzyme and low platelet count) syndrome, a severe presentation of pre-eclampsia, is still an enigma. Activated protein C resistance resulting from a mutation in coagulation factor V has recently emerged as the leading cause of thrombosis in pregnancy. We report on two patients with HELLP syndrome who were found to be heterozygous for factor V R506Q mutation, leading to activated protein C resistance. These findings suggest that the pathogenesis of HELLP syndrome is associated with a thrombotic process, and point to the potential benefit of anti-thrombotic therapy in this condition.     

Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients with Bone Marrow Disorders

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides a non-invasive means to evaluate a large fraction of marrow in less than one hour. Marrow disorders produce non-specific changes in marrow signal intensities which primarily reflect changes in proportions of fat and cellular elements. The pattern of these signal changes narrows the differential diagnosis, and the combination of these features with the clinical context allows interpretations which are clinically useful in many ways. These include: I) the diagnosis of avascular necrosis (and its distinction from other causes of joint pain), 2) detection of osteomyelitis, 3) differential diagnosis of hypo-plastic disorders, 4) staging of lymphomas and myeloma, 5) selection of patients for autolo-gous bone marrow transplant, 6) objective measures of marrow response to therapy, 7) detection of leukemic transformation, and 8) improved detection of marrow disease (primary or secondary) in patients with otherwise unexplained bone pain.     

From laparoscopic training on an animal model to retroperitoneoscopic or coelioscopic adrenal and renal surgery in human

So far, laparoscopic approaches to kidney and adrenal have been limited because of their retroperitoneal location. We here report eight renal and adrenal endoscopic procedures performed in seven patients: two adrenalectomies for hyperaldosteronism, one adrenalectomy for isolated metastasis from an adenocarcinoma of the lung; two nephrectomies for end-stage infected hydronephrosis, two partial nephrectomies for small circumscribed lesions of the kidney, and one endoscopic resection for pain relief of a voluminous cyst at the kidney. The approach was transperitoneal in two cases and retroperitoneal in five cases using the retropneumoperitoneum insufflation technique. One patient was operated by a combined approach using the retro- and transperitoneal routes. All procedures were successfully completed endoscopically. The retroperitoneoscopic approach of the kidney is safe and does not interfere with the peritoneal organs. Its working space is tenuous, but allows a direct access on the kidney with good exposure of its pedicle. For adrenal surgery, the retroperitoneoscopic dissection is more difficult, because movements of instruments are often impaired by the closeness of the costal margin and the iliac crest. However, in case of difficulties we found it very convenient to switch from a retroperitoneal endoscopic approach to a combined coelioscopic and retroperitoneoscopic operation. Far from excluding each other, both approaches are complementary, particularly for difficult situations (i.e., previous peritoneal or retroperitoneal surgery).     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的临床研究

强调对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的认识，以达到对该病的早期诊与治疗。方法应用Ａｕｔｏｓｅｔ诊疗系统及鼻持续正压通气治疗仪，对６６例ＯＳＡＳ患者进行确诊及序贯治疗。     

Ergotamine/caffeine treatment of orthostatic hypotension in parkinsonism with autonomic failure

Eight patients with parkinsonism who developed severe orthostatic sypotension, were treated with oral ergotamine/caffeine. Significant long-term improvement in standing systolic blood pressure and symptoms of syncope and light-headedness were observed in four of these patients. One patient in whom the drug was effective discontinued it because of nausea. Another lost benefit after 2 weeks of sucessful therapy. Significant supine systolic hypertension occureed in only one patient, which was easily managed by nifedipine given at night. Symptoms or signs of ergotism were not observed. Oral ergotamine/caffeine should be considered as a cost-effective teratment for refactory orthostatic hypotension in carefully selected patients with parkinsonism.