静脉注射维拉帕米或普罗帕酮治疗阵发性室上性心动过速的对比研究

目的观察静脉注射维拉帕米或普罗帕酮治疗阵发性室上性心动过速(PSVT)的疗效.方法静脉注射维拉帕米治疗35例78例次PSVT,并与普罗帕酮治疗31例59例次PSw对比观察.结果维拉帕米组总例次终止率为89.7%,普罗帕酮组总例次终止率为88.7%.两组疗效、终止PSVT发作的心电图形式等无显著性差异(P＞0.05).普罗帕酮组2例较长时间窦性停搏,1例致Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞(AVB),3例中2例死亡.结论房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)应用维拉帕米复律优于普罗帕酮(P＜0.05).普罗帕酮副作用较大.     

室房间期差值对间隔部旁道与快径逆传心动过速的鉴别诊断价值

[目的]研究间隔部旁道参与的和房室结功能连续曲线性快径逆传的室上性心动过速的电生理特征,为射频治疗提供准确的定位依据.[方法]选择10例间隔旁道介导的房室折返性心动过速(AVRT,旁道组)与10例房室结功能连续曲线的房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT,房室结组)病人,分别在与心动过速相同的频率起搏右心室及心动过速发作时,测量希氏束(HBE)、冠状窦近端(CS9-10)导联记录的室房传导间期(VAVP和VASVT)及两者差值△VA(VAVP-VASVT).[结果]①房室结组心室起搏与心动过速时VA间期差异显著(P＜0.001),而旁道组差异无显著性(P＞0.05);②心室起搏时旁道组与房室结组的VAVP相比差异无显著性(P＞0.05);③心动过速时VA间期旁道组明显长于房室结组,两者相比VASVT差异显著(P＜0.001);④旁道组△VA与房室结组比较差异显著(P≤0.001).[结论]CS9-10导联△VA是鉴别隐性间隔部旁道介导的AVRT与AVNRT的重要参考指标,特别对房室结功能连续曲线性房室结折返性心动过速的鉴别有较高价值.     

房室结慢径路消融——有效放电过程的心电监测

【目的】探讨房室结慢径路消融有效放电过程心电监测的意义。【方法】58例慢-快型房室结折返性心动过速在有效靶点以低射频能量(15～25W)放电,监测心电变化,出现①交界区心律>150min     

Use of ivabradine for treatment of junctional ectopic tachycardia in post congenital heart surgery

Cardiac surgeries especially involving crux of the heart as performed in tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and pulmonary stenosis are mainly responsible for junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET). Diversified antiarrhythmic agents have been used in an impressive way to treat JET but showed suboptimal efficacy and varied associated adverse effects. But, ivabradine has proved as final crusader for its treatment. We report our initial experience of 4 cases in last 6 months with ivabradine in the management of postoperative JET. Encouraged by various reports and our increasing experience with ivabradine in heart failure population, we have moved to ivabradine as the first drug of choice for postoperative JET. Bradycardia was the only significant adverse effect in our series. The availability of atrial and ventricular pacing wires or at least transvenous temporary pacing should be ensured before starting ivabradine.     

基于指纹图谱及非挥发性成分定量结合化学模式识别法评价不同产地艾叶质量

目的 以非挥发性化学成分为指标,评价不同产地艾叶Artemisia argyi质量,为其进一步开发利用提供科学依据。方法 采用高效液相色谱法（high-performance liquid chromatography,HPLC）,以指纹图谱定性,绿原酸和黄酮等多指标成分定量,结合聚类分析（hierarchical cluster analysis,HCA）、主成分分析（principal component analysis,PCA）和正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析（orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA）对艾叶进行化学模式识别研究。结果 建立了20批艾叶的指纹图谱,相似度为0.739～0.983,标定了28个共有峰,指认了绿原酸、木犀草苷、圣草酚、棕矢车菊素、异泽兰黄素5个成分,含量测定表明不同产地艾叶绿原酸和黄酮成分存在显著差异;HCA分析20批艾叶为3类;PCA得到7个主成分的累积方差贡献率为86.676%;OPLS-DA分析表明绿原酸、木犀草苷、圣草酚、棕矢车菊素、异泽兰黄素可能是影响艾叶药材质量的差异标志物。结论 指纹图谱定性及多非挥发性成分定量结合化学模式识别可用于艾叶药材鉴别和质量控制。     

Impact of donor extracellular vesicle release on recipient cell “cross-dressing” following clinical liver and kidney transplantation

In several murine models of transplantation, the “cross-dressing” of recipient antigen presenting cells (APCs) with intact donor major histocompatibility complex (MHC) derived from allograft-released small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) has been recently described as a key mechanism in eliciting and sustaining alloimmune responses. Investigation of these processes in clinical organ transplantation has, however, been hampered by the lack of sensitivity of conventional instruments and assays. We have employed advanced imaging flow cytometry (iFCM) to explore the kinetics of allograft sEV release and the extent to which donor sEVs might induce cross-dressing following liver and kidney transplantation. We report for the first time that recipient APC cross-dressing can be transiently detected in the circulation shortly after liver, but not kidney, transplantation in association with the release of HLA-bearing allograft-derived sEVs. In liver transplant recipients the majority of circulating cells exhibiting donor HLA are indeed cross-dressed cells and not passenger leukocytes. In keeping with experimental animal data, the downstream functional consequences of the transfer of circulating sEVs harvested from human transplant recipients varies depending on the type of transplant and time posttransplant. sEVs released shortly after liver, but not kidney, transplantation exhibit immunoinhibitory effects that could influence liver allograft immunogenicity.     

Binding of lipopeptide to CD14 induces physical proximity of CD14, TLR2 and TLR1

Lipoproteins or lipopeptides (LP) are bacterial cell wall components detected by the innate immune system. For LP, it has been shown that TLR2 is the essential receptor in cellular activation. However, molecular mechanisms of LP recognition are not yet clear. We used a FLAG-labeled derivative of the synthetic lipopeptide N-palmitoyl-S-[2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)-(2R,S)-propyl]-(R)-cysteinyl-seryl-(lysyl)(3)-lysine (Pam(3)CSK(4)) to study the roles of CD14, TLR2 and TLR1 in binding and signaling of LP and their molecular interactions in human cells. The activity of Pam(3)CSK(4)-FLAG was TLR2 dependent, whereas the binding was enabled by CD14, as evaluated by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Using FRET and FRAP imaging techniques to study molecular associations, we could show that after Pam(3)CSK(4)-FLAG binding, CD14 and Pam(3)CSK(4)-FLAG associate with TLR2 and TLR1, and TLR2 is targeted to a low-mobility complex. Thus, LP binding to CD14 is the first step in the LP recognition, inducing physical proximity of CD14 and LP with TLR2/TLR1 and formation of the TLR2 signaling complex.     

Bolus doses of esmolol for the prevention of perioperative hyper-tension and tachycardia

The effectiveness of esmolol, an ultra short-acting cardioselective beta blocker, in the prevention and treatment of post-intubation haemodynamic perturbations, was investigated. Forty-eight ASA physical status I and II patients undergoing hysterectomy were randomly assigned to receive a single intravenous bolus of placebo, esmolol 100 mg, or esmolol 200 mg in a double-blind fashion. This was administered over 15 sec, and immediately followed by thiopentone 3-5 mg.kg-1, succinylcholine 1.5 mg.kg-1, and tracheal intubation 90 sec later. The heart rate following induction of anaesthesia was lower in the esmolol 200 mg group (P less than 0.01); following intubation, the increase in heart rate in the placebo group was greater than in the esmolol groups (P less than 0.05). The systolic blood pressure post-induction was lower in the esmolol 200 mg group (P less than 0.05); following intubation, however, no significant differences were seen among groups in systolic, diastolic, or mean blood pressures. Following tracheal intubation, the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias was lower in the esmolol groups (P less than 0.05). In summary, esmolol in 100 mg and 200 mg doses was effective in mitigating the haemodynamic response following tracheal intubation.