高等医药教育人才培养模式的内涵及其动因

探讨人才培养模式的基本内涵,对高等医药教育人才培养模式概念进行界定,并分析其基本特征和系统动因。     

The frequency and characteristics of ultrasonographic ankle joint involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus: A prospective cross-sectional single-center study

The involvement of ankles in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has not been widely studied. The aim of our prospective study was to determine the characteristics of the ankle joint and tendon involvement in SLE using ultrasound (US) as an imaging modality. Sixty consecutive patients with SLE underwent a detailed clinical evaluation and US examination. Gray-scale and power Doppler US of the bilateral tibiotalar (TT) joints, subtalar (ST) joints, and ankle tendons were performed using a multiplanar scanning technique. Joint effusion, synovitis, tenosynovitis, enthesitis, and vascularization were assessed according to the OMERACT recommendations. The Total Ankle Ultrasound Score (TAUSS) was calculated as the sum of the grades of joint effusion and synovial hypertrophy for both TT and ST joints bilaterally (ranging from 0–24) and power Doppler activity was assessed separately. Finally, US findings were correlated with physical evaluation, laboratory parameters, and SLE activity scores. US ankle joint involvement was present in 32/60 (53.3%) patients. TT joints were affected in 26 (43.3%) and ST joints in 16 (26.7%) patients. Thirteen (21.7%) patients had US tendons and/or enthesal involvement. TT joint effusion was the most frequent finding, present in 55/240 (22.9%) examined joints, followed by synovial hypertrophy detected in 18/240 (7.5%) joints. The median (interquartile range; range) TAUSS of the US-affected joints was 1 (0–2; range 1–10). There were no significant correlations between US findings and inflammatory parameters or serological parameters of disease activity, but we found a weak positive correlation between TAUSS and the European Consensus Lupus Activity Measurement (r = 0.281, P = .029). This study revealed a high prevalence of pathological US ankle changes in patients with SLE and a positive correlation between ankle US involvement and disease activity score (European Consensus Lupus Activity Measurement).     

夜间营养护理对肝衰竭病人营养状况的影响

目的:探讨肝衰竭病人营养支持中实施夜间营养护理干预的效果。方法:选取2019年3月—2020年7月在我院治疗的82例肝衰竭病人为研究对象,通过随机数字表法分为日间组(41例)及夜间组(41例)。日间组在内科综合治疗基础上给予日间营养干预,夜间组在日间组的基础上加强夜间营养护理。比较两组相关营养指标、Child-Pugh评分、营养风险筛查表2002(NRS-2002)评分、生活质量变化情况。结果:经夜间营养护理干预后,夜间组血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、转铁蛋白(TF)、前白蛋白(PA)水平高于日间组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001);干预2周、4周后夜间组Child-Pugh评分均低于日间组,NRS-2002评分明显低于日间组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001);夜间组营养护理干预4周后生活质量GQOL-74量表评分高于日间组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论:肝衰竭病人住院期间加强实施夜间营养护理干预,可明显改善病人营养状况,降低营养不良发生风险,改善病人生活质量。     

全视网膜光凝治疗糖尿病视网膜病变对视野影响的研究进展

糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)早期视野改变往往比视力更能及时反映病情进展。而全视网膜光凝(PRP)治疗DR在延缓病情进展的同时也造成了患眼视力下降和视野缩小等副作用。有研究表明,PRP治疗后的DR患者可因中心20°范围内的视野缺损而导致驾驶测试失败。为保证PRP疗效同时达到降低并发症的目的,激光技术不断改进与发展,通过调整激光参数、使用新型激光系统、与抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)药物联合、中西医结合治疗等方式可一定程度改善患眼视野,实现更佳疗效。未来可考虑在缺血指数(ISI)量化分析下,对视网膜缺血程度进行分级,依据ISI指标和视网膜无灌注区分布探索PRP治疗建议的最佳阈值及光凝范围,从而为DR患者提供更及时、更合理的个性化治疗方案。文章就PRP治疗DR对视野的影响进行简要综述。     

动态动脉硬化指数联合血清肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子 6、前蛋白转化酶枯草溶菌素 9对急性分水岭脑梗死病人的预后价值

目的探究动态动脉硬化指数( AASI)联合血清肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子 6(TRAF6)、前蛋白转化酶枯草溶菌素 9(PCSK9)对急性分水岭脑梗死( CWI)病人的预后价值。方法选取 2019年 8月至 2021年 8月保定市第二中心医院收治的 96例急性 CWI病人为研究组,另取同期体检健康者 80例为对照组。收集病人一般临床资料,并对研究组和对照组的血清 TRAF6、 PCSK9水平及 AASI进行检测;根据研究组病人预后情况将其分为预后良好组(67例)和预后不良组( 29例)多因素 logistic回归分析急性 CWI病人预后的影响因素;绘制 AASI与血清 TRAF6、PCSK9对急性 CWI病人预后评估的受试者操,作特征曲线( ROC曲线)。结果研究组血清 TRAF6(1.48±0.34)μg/L、PCSK9(97.25±14.25)μg/L水平及 AASI(0.56±0.15)高于对照组( 0.87±0.19) μg/L、(82.78±9.17)μg/L、(0.36±0.11)(P<0.05)。预后良好组与预后不良组年龄、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表( NIHSS)评分、空腹血糖、狭窄程度及血管斑块性质差异有统计学意义( P<0.05)。预后不良组血清 TRAF6(1.77±0.37)μg/L、PCSK9(104.82±17.93)μg/L水平及 AASI(0.62±0.12)高于预后良好组( 1.35±0.21)μg/L、(93.97±12.65)μg/L、0.53±0.09(P<0.05)。多因素 logistic回归分析结果显示 NIHSS评分、狭窄程度、血管斑块性质、 AASI、血清 TRAF6、PCSK9水平是急性 CWI病人预后的影响因素( P<0.05)。 AASI联合血清 TRAF6、PCSK9预测急性 CWI病人预后的 AUC是 0.92,灵敏度为 93.10%,特异度为 76.12%,Youden指数为 0.69,优于 AASI、TRAF6、PCSK9各自单独预测(P<0.05)。结论急性 CWI病人血清 TRAF6、PCSK9水平显著升高,联合 AASI对病人的预后状况具有较高的预测效能,可为临床的合理干预和改善病人预后提供依据。     

Long-Term Effect of Gluten-Free Diets on Nutritional Status,Body Composition,and Associated Factors in Adult Saudi Females with Celiac Disease

This cross-sectional study examines the influence of long-term gluten-free diet (GFD) consumption on nutritional status, body composition, and associated factors in adult Saudi females with celiac diseases (CD). Fifty-one patients who have been diagnosed with CD and have been on GFD for more than 1 year were included in this study where data regarding their dietary pattern, as well as a complete analysis of their anthropometric parameters, vitamins B12 and D levels, and complete blood count (CBC), were collected. Data have shown that all included patients showed a reduced intake in all micro and macro-nutrients, as well as vitamin D, folate, calcium, and iron. However, the vast majority of all measured hematological parameters and blood indices were within the expected reference range. In addition, 51%, 43.1%, and 60.8% of the patients showed low waist/hip ratio (WHR), decreased level of total body fat (BF), and decreased level of visceral fat (VF), respectively, whereas 33.3% were slim. The poor educational level and some psychosocial factors were associated with the poor nutritional status of the patients. In conclusion, the GFD-dependent intake by female patients with CD adversely affects their nutritional intake and anthropometric indices and leads to a deficiency in major nutrients, vitamins, and ions.     

覆盖义齿基牙的短期临床观察

目的：对覆盖义齿的基牙进行短期临床观察。方法：对30例覆盖义齿修复患者半年及1年后回访观察。结果：下颌基牙及非银汞充填覆盖基牙更易存积菌斑及结石,并出现牙龈问题。结论：对于能保持良好口腔卫生的患者,覆盖义齿是一种较好的选择。     

类风湿性关节炎患者健康相关生命质量评价及其影响因素

目的 探讨类风湿性关节炎（RA）住院患者健康相关生命质量（HRQoL）评分及其影响因素。 方法 采用欧洲五维度五水平健康量表（EQ-5D-5L）及自编问卷对 2023 年 4~9 月安徽中医药大学第一附属医院风湿免疫科收治的 200 例 RA 住院患者进行HRQoL 调查,EQ-5D-5L 量表中健康描述系统及视觉模拟标尺（EQ-VAS）分别用于测量 RA 患者健康效用值及整体健康状态,采用单因素分析、Tobit 多因素回归分析影响 RA 患者 HRQoL 的因素。 结果 共收集 190 份有效问卷,有效回收率 95%。RA 患者健康效用值为（0.77±0.25）,EQ-VAS 评分为（76.44±43.65）分,其健康问题多集中于“行动能力”和“疼痛或不适”两个维度。Tobit 多因素回归分析显示,文化程度低（P=0.042,95%CI：0.032~0.143）与吸烟（P=0.013,95%CI：-0.154~-0.019）是 RA 患者 HRQoL 的危险因素。 结论 RA患者 HRQoL 与 EQ-VAS 较一般人群相比情况尚可,但仍存在健康效用值较低的问题,其中文化程度低与吸烟的患者 HRQoL 较差。     

刺五加混悬剂小鼠体内药动学研究

目的 考察刺五加混悬剂小鼠体内药动学特征。方法 分别采用药理效应法中的效量法与药效法,选择吞噬指数为检测指标,研究刺五加在小鼠体内药动学规律。结果 效量法:K_(el)=0.2d~(-1) K_a=2.5d~(-1),AUC(S_o)=10.4g·kg~(-1)·d,VRT=19.3d~2。药效法:K_(el(ef))=0.1d~(-1),K_(a(ef))=2.9d~(-1),AUC(S_o)_((ef))=62.7(％)·d,VRT_((ef))=43.2d~2。药效法所得数据大于效量法,说明药效的出现有滞后性。结论 用药理效应法研究刺五加有效成分的体内药动学规律是可行的,并且首次得到了有关药动学数据。