四川省四个城市居家养老服务现状及需求调查研究

为了解四川省老年人居家养老服务现状及需求,探索构建居家养老服务模式提供有效途径。本研究对四川省4个城市(成都、泸州、内江、广安)共计500名老年人进行问卷调查,结果表明：居家养老是老年人选择的主要养老方式。但目前的居家养老服务发展未能满足老年人多样化的养老服务需求,养老模式有待完善,居家养老服务有待规范。     

鄱阳湖区都昌县棠荫村血吸虫病疫情分析

2000—2007年都昌县棠荫村血吸虫病疫情分析表明,2003—2007年各年居民感染率均在10％左右。2000、2002年及2007年钉螺感染率分别为0．32％、0．45％和0．38％,感染螺密度分别为0．016、0．004只／0．1m^2和0．004只／0．1m^2。建议加强查灭螺和健康教育力度,提高居民自我防护意识,以达到控制血吸虫病的目的。     

地震后什邡市蓥华镇医疗和健康状况的调查

目的了解地震后灾民们的医疗和健康状况。方法采用问卷的方法随机对585人进行了健康调查，占村民总数的14．42％，采用自制的调查表，提供备选答案，以提问的方式让被调查者选择。使用EXCel电子表格录入资料，对数据进行统计分析。结果村民们患有严重疾病的为67人（11．49％），有557人（92．11％）问卷时候感觉身体有不适；只有142人（24．56％）家中有常用药；517人（54．37％）患病是在村卫生站治疗的，村民就医最大的困难主要是医疗费太贵（41．j4％）、大医院看病难（21．57％）；他们迫切需要解决的问题是常见病的诊治（42．54％），健康指导（50．87％）。灾区97．77％的房屋受损，多数灾民们居住在活动板房（57．56％）和过渡房（50．87％），部分灾民住在复建的房屋里（10．12％），但仍有少数灾民居住在帐篷（8．75％）和危房（1．05％）里。结论地震后灾区人民已在恢复正常生活及生产，但灾区人民对卫生健康常识较缺乏，提示我们应该加强对灾民们卫生保健工作，而且工作的重点应该放在村卫生站。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的临床表现分析

目的：进一步认识阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）的临床表现，有助于确诊及治疗。方法：回顾2008年7月～2010年1月来本院就诊的93例阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者的临床资料，对其进行综合分析。结果：多导睡眠监测（PSG）监测结果，轻度3例，中度59例，重度31例，X线透视及CT扫描提示，狭窄部位在鼻咽以上者8例，在15I咽部者79例，在下咽部者4例，同时存在以上两个或多个部位狭窄者2例。结论：对OSAHS的临床表现的正确认识，有利于正确诊治OSAHS。     

Being in charge of life: perceptions of lifestyle among women of retirement age

Aim:  The aim of this study was to describe the perceptions of lifestyle among women of retirement age.
Background:  Women go through many transitions during their lives, which impact on their lifestyle and possibly their outlook on life. Family circumstances such as motherhood and marital status change over time and the menopause is also likely to influence their view of life.
Method:  Data were collected through interviews with 20 women, aged 61–70, selected by means of strategic sampling. The interviews were analysed using a phenomenographic approach.
Findings:  Three structural aspects emerged: being healthy as life turns out, living life in their own way, and taking care of everyday life. The women described lifestyle as a means of being healthy, having an active role in society, being content with what one has and the need to adapt oneself to limiting circumstances. Lifestyle was also associated with being in charge and making one's own choices in life based on one's own values. They reported that they were independent and made decisions about their life. The informants considered that lifestyle was an asset that helped them to cope with everyday life and to make the most of each day.
Conclusion:  Lifestyle is a tool that requires independence, the right to self-determination over everyday life and adjustment to limitations in order to ensure the psychological well-being of women of retirement age. Further research is needed in order to delineate the possible association between lifestyle and psychological well-being.     

Association between socio economic status and schistosomiasis infection in Jinja District, Uganda

Objective  To examine the role of socioeconomic situation in influencing the risk and intensity of infection with Schistosomiasis mansoni .
Methods  Cross-sectional study in Walukuba Division bordering Lake Victoria, Jinja District. We assessed a random sample of 463 individuals aged 10–20 years for Schistosoma mansoni infection, water contact behaviour and treatment status with praziquantel as of the last mass treatment. Socioeconomic conditions of the participants' households were assessed by calculating a wealth index (based on type of housing and ownership of assets). Households were classified in four classes; multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of being infected with schistosomiasis. Intensities of infection with S. mansoni were compared across the classes of wealth index.
Results  Wealth index emerged a risk factor for infection with S. mansoni after controlling for water contact and treatment with praziquantel. The adjusted odds ratio of being infected for the lowest level of wealth index compared to the highest was 10.42 (95% CI 3.38–32.36 P  <   0.001). The intensity of infection decreased with wealth index Linearity F -ratio 13.91, 1 df, P  <   0.001). The geometric egg count for those in the lowest wealth index was 230 (95% CI 199–279) compared to 114 (95% CI 80–162) for the highest wealth index.
Conclusions  In addition to mass treatment with praziquantel, improving the socio-economic conditions of the population should be given priority.     

艾滋病研究进展的文献计量学分析

探讨艾滋病研究的规律性及其发展趋势，为确定ＡＩＤＳ研究方向提供依据。方法：应用文献计量学方法分析１９８２－１９９７年间７１个国家和地区发表的４６２８７篇ＡＩＤＳ研究文献的动态变化。结论我国ＡＩＤＳ研究的投入要结合ＡＩＤＳ在中国的流行特点和医学科学发展的实际情况，注意参考国际ＡＩＤＳ研究的走向。     

浅议基层医院急诊科的现状和发展

目的：探讨基层医院急诊科的现状与发展方向。方法：综合分析我国急诊急救专业以及现存的急救医学模式。结果：因地制宜，提出我院急诊科发展的路径。结论：基层医院急诊科的发展方向：“通科医疗，一专多能，医护合作，管理科学”。     

南昌市血吸虫病疫情控制达标考核

按江西省达标考核验收实施细则和《血吸虫病控制和消灭标准（GB15976-2006）》,通过听汇报、查资料、现场考核及实地走访等进行考核,结果显示南昌市各项指标均达血吸虫病疫情控制标准。     

Supporting structures for team situation awareness and decision making: insights from four delivery suites

Rationale, aims and objectives ‘Human factors’ (non‐technical skills such as communication and teamwork) have been strongly implicated in adverse events during labour and delivery. The importance of shared ‘situation awareness’ between team members is highlighted as a key factor in patient safety. Arising from an ethnographic study of safety culture in the delivery suites of four UK hospitals, the aim of this study is to describe the main mechanisms supporting team situation awareness (TSA) and examine contrasting configurations of supports. Methods Stage I: 177 hours of lightly structured non‐participant observation (sensitizing concepts: safety culture, non‐technical skills, teamwork and decision making) analysed to identify a core organizing concept, main supporting categories and preliminary conceptual models. Stage II: (approximately 11 months after first observations) 104 hours of observation to test and elaborate stage I analyses. Results Handover, whiteboard use and a coordinator role emerged as the key processes facilitating work and team coordination. The interplay between these supporting processes and the contextual features of each site promoted or inhibited TSA. Three configurations of supports for TSA were evident. These are described. Conclusions Context configurations of supporting mechanisms and artefacts influence TSA, with implications for the maintenance of patient safety on delivery suites. A balanced model of supports for TSA is commended. Examining contrasting configurations helps reveal how local mechanisms or organizational, environmental and temporal factors might be manipulated to improve TSA.