合并哮喘的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎的鼻内镜手术治疗

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎(CRS)是一种异质性的疾病,其中合并哮喘的患者占到10%~40%,且在全球范围内呈上升趋势。在哮喘患者中,CRS的发病率也高于一般人群。目前大部分的研究认为鼻内镜手术结合药物治疗对合并哮喘的CRS患者的鼻部症状有明显的改善作用,且有利于哮喘的长期管理。但是此类患者术后易复发,围手术期手术风险也较高。将重点论述合并哮喘的CRS患者的术前评估和围手术期管理、手术方式的选择及鼻内镜手术术后对哮喘的影响等。     

Effect of single-dose intravenous tranexamic acid on postoperative nasal bleed in septoplasty

ObjectivePostoperative nasal bleeding is a common complication of septoplasty and may lead to painful procedure of nasal packing to stop bleeding. Since Tranexamic acid (TXA) has been reported to reduce bleeding, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of single dose of intravenous TXA on postoperative nasal bleed associated with septoplasty.Materials and methodsThis prospective randomized, double-blinded clinical trial consisted of 176 patients aged 18–55 years who underwent septoplasty for symptomatic deviated nasal septum. These participants were randomly divided into 2 groups; 88 patients were given normal saline (Control group) and 88 patients were administered a single shot of intravenous TXA 10 mg/kg (TXA group). Operative technique applied was same in all cases. At the end of surgery nasal packs, nasal splints or trans-septal suturing were not done. Nasal bleeding was monitored after surgery and up to 2 weeks postoperatively.ResultsPatients receiving TXA showed significantly less postoperative nasal bleeding compared with controls. Extensive bleeding in terms of number of gauze pads used and duration was also higher in placebo with a statistically significant difference (all P = < 0.05). Seven patients required nasal packing in control group to stop bleeding as compared to one patient in TXA group. Adverse reactions to TXA were minimal, and these were easily managed conservatively.ConclusionSingle intravenous dose of TXA is shown to be effective and safe agent in preventing postoperative nasal bleeding after septoplasty therefore avoiding additional techniques of nasal packing, intranasal splint or trans-septal suturing during surgery.     

First Successful Mechanical Splint for Obstructive Sleep Apnea With an Orally Administrable Pharyngeal Stenting Device

We report the case of obstructive sleep apnea in a 19‐year‐old, otherwise healthy male presenting with persistent daytime sleepiness and nonrestorative sleep after velo‐ and uvuloplasty. An individually tailored prototype of an orally inserted pharyngeal stenting device was proposed in the framework of a first clinical feasibility trial. The noninvasive, easily self‐administered device is mounted on a simple inferior dental guard. Baseline total apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) was 15.5 and 24.4 per hour of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. With the device, total AHI dropped to 6.7 per hour (56.8% reduction) and 1.4 per hour of REM (94.3% reduction). Recorded sleep efficiency during treatment was excellent at 96.5%. Laryngoscope, 129:1945–1948, 2019     

护理人员传染病突发事件防控能力的研究进展

介绍护理人员传染病突发事件防控能力的内涵及现状,其主要能力有临床实践能力、学习与教育能力、心理抗压能力;总结影响护理人员传染病突发事件防控能力的主要因素,包括个人因素（如性别、年龄、学历、参与培训的个人意愿等）、工作因素（如工作满意度、工作年限、职业角色、是否参加培训演练、是否具备相关救援经历等）及组织因素（如医院级别和组织支持等）;采用的评估工具有葛森医院安全氛围量表、护士重大传染病疫情应急能力调查问卷等。提出提升护理人员传染病突发事件防控能力的相关策略,以期为提升护理人员传染病突发事件防控能力提供参考。     

Should psychological distress be listed as a surgical indication for indeterminate pulmonary nodules: protocol for a prospective cohort study in real-world settings

BackgroundPulmonary nodules (PNs) are documented in up to 30% of computed tomography (CT) reports. PNs of indeterminate nature (IPN) have been reported to be associated with increased psychological distress and deterioration of the quality of life. Despite lack of solid evidence, severe anxiety or depression has been proposed to be one of the surgical indications in expert consensus for IPN management. So far, there is no established criterion to guide the decision-making process, or to ensure evidence-based management. This study aims to evaluate whether psychological distress could be a surgical indication for IPN, and to establish an evidence-based distress threshold for necessary surgical intervention.MethodsThis prospective observational study in real-world setting will involve an expected sample size of 1,253 IPN patients from the thoracic clinic of Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital. Web-based questionnaires powered by Wen Juan Xing (WJX) platform will be delivered to the patients for baseline data collection and psychological screening. Based on our pilot study, a total of 376 IPN patients with abnormal or borderline abnormal psychological states, as assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), will be followed for 1 year before proceeding to the final analysis. The planned study period is from Jan 1, 2021, to Sept 30, 2022, and will entail two HADS assessments at baseline and follow-up. Sleep quality and indicators of healthcare-seeking behavior, such as the number of unplanned clinic visits or CT scans per year, will be used as anchors of psychological state. Patients who undergo surgical resection against the follow-up plan will be enrolled into a surgical group (expected n=94), while those who adhere to their plan will be automatically classified as a follow-up group after 1-year follow-up (expected n=282). Statistical measures such as independent-samples t-test and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis will be used to assess the difference in psychological changes between the groups, and to generate an optimal threshold alerting surgical need. A Chi-square test or nonparametric test will be used to compare the baseline characteristics. Contributors to psychological burden and their effect sizes will be evaluated using general linear regression.DiscussionTo date, data on the psychological benefits of surgical resection of IPN remains scanty. Evidence-based procedure of patient selection using appropriate psychological screening tools is crucial in improving the quality of care and preventing overtreatment. This protocol describes the rationale and methodology to address this unmet clinical need using real-world data, aiming to bridge the gap between clinical guidelines and real-world practice.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT04857333","term_id":"NCT04857333"}}NCT04857333. Registered April 23, 2021.     

First branchial cleft sinus with duplicate external auditory canal: A case report

First branchial cleft cysts are rare congenital abnormalities of the lateral neck. These anomalies can be a source of recurrent infection and require surgical excision as definitive treatment. This case report details the diagnosis and treatment of a first branchial cleft sinus with an associated duplicate external auditory canal.