Closed suction drainage for deep neck infections

PurposeThere have been various incision and drainage methods for deep neck infection (DNI). Closed-suction drainage (CSD) has been used to decrease hematoma or to drain pus in other forms of medical surgery. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the usefulness of CSD for DNI.Patients and methodsThis study consisted of 30 patients who underwent CSD after incision and drainage for DNI between January 2006 and December 2011. The patients' demographics, systemic diseases, methods of airway control, involved spaces, incision, CSD results, duration of hospitalization, and complications were investigated.ResultsCSD was used to treat 30 DNI patients. Eleven patients (37%) had underlying systemic diseases like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hepatitis, asthma, etc. Twenty four patients (80%) had odontogenic infections in the mandibular molar region. Tracheostomy was performed in 5 patients (17%). The involved spaces were various from parapharyngeal space to mediastinum (mean: 4.8 spaces), and CSD was applied with drainage lines (mean: 3; 2–7 drains) over the course of 4–37 days (mean 14.6 days). The total amount of drained pus was 8–1344 cc (mean: 406 cc) and the daily amount was 1–61 cc (mean: 28 cc) from each patient. The mean length of hospital stay was 26 days, with a range of 9–83 days. Wound rupture happened in 7% of 56 total incision sites and spontaneous removal of the drain tube occurred in 3% of 91 total tubes. Four patients died because of cardiac arrest, pulmonary edema, and hypoxia. A statistical significance was accepted about total and daily amount of drainage at Pearson's correlation test (p < 0.001).ConclusionAccurate diagnosis, safe airway management, and early surgical drainage were important in DNI treatment. Compared to other drainage systems, CSD is clinically useful for treating DNI due to minimal incision, convenience of post-operative management, and less postoperative complications.     

直接气管内吸痰在婴幼儿心脏术后预防肺不张的应用

肺不张是婴幼儿心脏术常见的并发症,婴幼儿不能有效的咳嗽及排痰,使痰液积聚在气管及支气管内,造成呼吸道阻塞,形成肺不张。应用直接气管内吸痰可有效清除痰液,保持呼吸道通畅,预防肺不张的发生。我科在临床通过对35例术后婴幼儿实施此项护理并配以拍背、雾化吸氧等均得到满意疗效。本文主要介绍了直接气管内吸痰的方法、适应症及护理要点。     

中心负压吸引管末端的挂钩固定

吸痰技术是清理呼吸道分泌物,保持气道通畅的重要措施,整个过程要求严格无菌操作,中心负压吸引管末端的固定放置既要保持管道清洁,又要方便操作,而目前在未使用吊塔的ICU病房和普通病区对吸引管末端的固定放置均达不到清洁、方便的要求,若中心负压吸引管未得到妥善放置,易造成吸引管接头脱落污染,     

Appropriate use criteria for endotracheal suction interventions in mechanically ventilated children: The RAND/UCLA development process

ObjectivesEndotracheal suction is an invasive airway clearance technique used in mechanically ventilated children. This article outlines the methods used to develop appropriate use criteria for endotracheal suction interventions in mechanically ventilated paediatric patients.MethodsThe RAND Corporation and University of California, Los Angeles Appropriateness Method was used to develop paediatric appropriate use criteria. This included the following sequential phases of defining scope and key terms, a literature review and synthesis, expert multidisciplinary panel selection, case scenario development, and appropriateness ratings by an interdisciplinary expert panel over two rounds. The panel comprised experts in the fields of paediatric and neonatal intensive care, respiratory medicine, infectious diseases, critical care nursing, implementation science, retrieval medicine, and education. Case scenarios were developed iteratively by interdisciplinary experts and derived from common applications or anticipated intervention uses, as well as from current clinical practice guidelines and results of studies examining interventions efficacy and safety. Scenarios were rated on a scale of 1 (harm outweighs benefit) to 9 (benefit outweighs harm), to define appropriate use (median: 7 to 9), uncertain use (median: 4 to 6), and inappropriate use (median: 1 to 3) of endotracheal suction interventions. Scenarios were than classified as a level of appropriateness.ConclusionsThe RAND Corporation/University of California, Los Angeles Appropriateness Method provides a thorough and transparent method to inform development of the first appropriate use criteria for endotracheal suction interventions in paediatric patients.     

A quality appraisal using the AGREE II instrument of endotracheal tube suction guidelines in neonatal intensive care units

BackgroundEndotracheal tube (ETT) suction is among the most common procedures performed in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Although necessary, it is associated with significant risks. To mitigate these risks, clinical practice guidelines are developed to provide evidence-based recommendations.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to appraise the quality of neonatal ETT suction guidelines from all NICUs in Australia and New Zealand.MethodsAll level III NICUs in Australia and New Zealand were invited to participate. Three researchers graded the methodological quality of the received guidelines using the AGREE II instrument. Item and domain scores were calculated by scaling as a percentage of the total possible score out of 100%. A threshold score of <50% is considered to be of limited potential use.ResultsTwenty-three (79.31%) clinical practice guidelines were received from 29 invited facilities. The scaled results of the AGREE II domains were as follows: Scope and Purpose, mean = 73%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 63–83%; Stakeholder Involvement, mean = 23%, 95% CI = 15–31%; Rigour of Development, mean = 17%, 95% CI = 12–21%; Clarity of Presentation, mean = 63%, 95% CI = 56–70%; Applicability, mean = 5%, 95% CI = 20–30%; and Editorial Independence, mean = 50%, 95% CI = 50–50%. Overall assessment indicated low methodological quality (31%; 22–39%), with only five clinical practice guidelines scoring >50%, suggesting that they could be recommended for use with modifications. The remaining 18 could not be recommended for use.ConclusionsNeonatal ETT suction guidelines are of a low methodological quality. All guidelines poorly incorporated latest evidence in guideline development. This appraisal highlights the need to improve the quality of neonatal ETT suction guidelines to promote optimal patient care.     

VSD在爆炸伤创面的临床应用研究

目的探讨封闭负压引流（vacuum sealing drainage,VSD）对软组织爆炸伤创面治疗的效果,为临床爆炸伤初级救治提供新的思路。方法对7例难治性创面彻底清创后表面用VSD泡沫敷料覆盖封闭引流,持续负压吸引,根据不同创面及时调整压力。结果经负压封闭引流7～10天后,5例I期移植皮片全部存活,2例彻底清创后VSD引流培养创面肉芽组织,II期植皮VSD再次覆盖引流均植皮成功,创面愈合。结论负压封闭引流技术早期用于爆炸创面,可抑制细菌增殖,促进肉芽组织形成和伤口愈合,能减少手术操作,减轻患者痛苦,是一种难治性创面的有效治疗方法。     

持续负压吸引联合人工真皮支架、刃厚头皮移植在治疗颈部瘢痕挛缩中的应用

 目的 探讨持续负压吸引(continuous negative pressure aspiration, VSD)联合人工真皮支架、刃厚头皮移植在改善大面积烧伤颈部瘢痕挛缩中的应用价值。方法 选择2013-6至2017-12武警特色医学中心烧伤整形科收治大面积烧伤后颈部瘢痕挛缩畸形且使用持续负压吸引联合人工真皮支架、刃厚头皮移植的患者42例作为观察组,随机抽取同期采用颈部瘢痕松解后直接移植中厚皮的36例患者作为对照组。结果 两组患者颈部瘢痕松解后均能达到满意效果;观察组创面愈合时间平均为(17.48±1.52) d,对照组创面愈合时间平均为(13.36±2.06) d,观察组创面愈合后颈部后仰下颌角与颈部纵轴角度平均为135°±3.24°,左右旋转角度平均达150°±4.34°,而对照组患者创面愈合后颈部后仰下颌角与颈部纵轴角度平均为133°±3.62°,左右旋转角度平均达147°±3.28°,两组治疗后患者颈部瘢痕挛缩畸形得以改善,颈部功能得以改善,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论 持续负压吸引联合人工真皮支架、刃厚头皮移植在改善大面积烧伤颈部瘢痕挛缩方面具有良好的效果。     

持续胃肠道低负压引流对口服有机磷中毒救治效果的影响

目的探讨持续胃肠道低负压引流在抢救经口服急性有机磷农药中毒(AOPP)中的效果.方法将36例AOPP患者随机分成两组.对照组(19例)采用传统洗胃、导泻法;研究组(17例)于常规洗胃、导泻后,行胃肠道间断(4～6 h1次)甘露醇或生理盐水灌洗加持续胃管及肛管低负压吸引.比较两组阿托品及解磷定用量、胆碱酯酶上升至正常50%时间、昏迷时间及腹胀便秘、反跳、中间综合征发生率.结果研究组阿托品及解磷定用量显著少于对照组(均P＜0.05),胆碱酯酶上升时间、患者昏迷时间显著短于对照组(均P＜0.05).结论持续胃肠道低负压吸引能有效清除AOPP患者胃肠道毒物,有利于患者恢复.