开放式与密闭式吸痰对机械通气患者监护指标的影响

目的 探讨开放式吸痰与密闭式吸痰对机械通气患者监护指标(SPO2,心率,收缩压)的影响.方法 将80例行机械通气的患者随机分为实验组(密闭式吸痰48例)和对照组(开放式吸痰32例).观察两组患者吸痰前5 min、吸痰过程中及吸痰后5 min监护指标(SPO2,心率,收缩压)的变化情况.结果 实验组与对照组吸痰前5min...     

Composite Behavior of Insulated Concrete Sandwich Wall Panels Subjected to Wind Pressure and Suction

A full-scale experimental test was conducted to analyze the composite behavior of insulated concrete sandwich wall panels (ICSWPs) subjected to wind pressure and suction. The experimental program was composed of three groups of ICSWP specimens, each with a different type of insulation and number of glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) shear grids. The degree of composite action of each specimen was analyzed according to the load direction, type of the insulation, and number of GFRP shear grids by comparing the theoretical and experimental values. The failure modes of the ICSWPs were compared to investigate the effect of bonds according to the load direction and type of insulation. Bonds based on insulation absorptiveness were effective to result in the composite behavior of ICSWP under positive loading tests only, while bonds based on insulation surface roughness were effective under both positive and negative loading tests. Therefore, the composite behavior based on surface roughness can be applied to the calculation of the design strength of ICSWPs with continuous GFRP shear connectors.     

Increasing suction pressure during endotracheal suctioning increases the volume of suctioned secretions,but not procedure-related complications: A comparative study in open system endotracheal suctioning

ObjectivesTo compare the effect of three different suction pressures (80 mmHg, 150 mmHg, 250 mmHg) with the open system suction method in terms of the volume of secretions and complications development in intubated intensive care patients.Research methodology/designThis study was planned as a prospective, experimental, self-controlled design. The study sample included 47 patients. Data were collected using a data collection and patient follow-up form from patient records.SettingSingle adult intensive care unit in a university hospital.ResultsFifty five percent of the patients were male, 61.7% were older than 65 years and 38.32% had lung infection. The amount of suctioned secretions tended to increase significantly with increasing negative pressure and there was a significant difference between the pressures in terms of the median volume of suctioned secretions (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the suction pressures in terms of oxygen desaturation, hypertension rates (p > 0.05). Tachycardia, bradycardia, hypoxaemia, tracheal mucosal damage or mucosal bleeding were not observed during suctioning with three different suction pressures.ConclusionIt may be assumed that 250 mmHg suction pressure, via compliance with open system suction method related procedures, is being more effective and equally safe for secretion cleaning in comparison to the 80 and 150 mmHg suction pressures.     

Appropriate use criteria for endotracheal suction interventions in mechanically ventilated children: The RAND/UCLA development process

ObjectivesEndotracheal suction is an invasive airway clearance technique used in mechanically ventilated children. This article outlines the methods used to develop appropriate use criteria for endotracheal suction interventions in mechanically ventilated paediatric patients.MethodsThe RAND Corporation and University of California, Los Angeles Appropriateness Method was used to develop paediatric appropriate use criteria. This included the following sequential phases of defining scope and key terms, a literature review and synthesis, expert multidisciplinary panel selection, case scenario development, and appropriateness ratings by an interdisciplinary expert panel over two rounds. The panel comprised experts in the fields of paediatric and neonatal intensive care, respiratory medicine, infectious diseases, critical care nursing, implementation science, retrieval medicine, and education. Case scenarios were developed iteratively by interdisciplinary experts and derived from common applications or anticipated intervention uses, as well as from current clinical practice guidelines and results of studies examining interventions efficacy and safety. Scenarios were rated on a scale of 1 (harm outweighs benefit) to 9 (benefit outweighs harm), to define appropriate use (median: 7 to 9), uncertain use (median: 4 to 6), and inappropriate use (median: 1 to 3) of endotracheal suction interventions. Scenarios were than classified as a level of appropriateness.ConclusionsThe RAND Corporation/University of California, Los Angeles Appropriateness Method provides a thorough and transparent method to inform development of the first appropriate use criteria for endotracheal suction interventions in paediatric patients.     

A quality appraisal using the AGREE II instrument of endotracheal tube suction guidelines in neonatal intensive care units

BackgroundEndotracheal tube (ETT) suction is among the most common procedures performed in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Although necessary, it is associated with significant risks. To mitigate these risks, clinical practice guidelines are developed to provide evidence-based recommendations.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to appraise the quality of neonatal ETT suction guidelines from all NICUs in Australia and New Zealand.MethodsAll level III NICUs in Australia and New Zealand were invited to participate. Three researchers graded the methodological quality of the received guidelines using the AGREE II instrument. Item and domain scores were calculated by scaling as a percentage of the total possible score out of 100%. A threshold score of <50% is considered to be of limited potential use.ResultsTwenty-three (79.31%) clinical practice guidelines were received from 29 invited facilities. The scaled results of the AGREE II domains were as follows: Scope and Purpose, mean = 73%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 63–83%; Stakeholder Involvement, mean = 23%, 95% CI = 15–31%; Rigour of Development, mean = 17%, 95% CI = 12–21%; Clarity of Presentation, mean = 63%, 95% CI = 56–70%; Applicability, mean = 5%, 95% CI = 20–30%; and Editorial Independence, mean = 50%, 95% CI = 50–50%. Overall assessment indicated low methodological quality (31%; 22–39%), with only five clinical practice guidelines scoring >50%, suggesting that they could be recommended for use with modifications. The remaining 18 could not be recommended for use.ConclusionsNeonatal ETT suction guidelines are of a low methodological quality. All guidelines poorly incorporated latest evidence in guideline development. This appraisal highlights the need to improve the quality of neonatal ETT suction guidelines to promote optimal patient care.     

规范化双腔支气管导管插管及其就位判定方法的临床应用

目的：评价规范化双腔支气管插管法的临床应用，以及吸痰管通畅试验联合听诊法在插管位置判定中的作用。方法：60例择期行胸外科手术的病人，在麻醉诱导完全后，行规范化双腔支气管插管，并采用吸痰管通畅试验复合听诊法判断双腔管的就位情况。在双腔管就位满意后，再以纤支镜下的准确定位为判定双腔支气管的位置。结果：纤支镜定位双腔支气管导管满意就位率96．6％，无一例发生与双腔管就位不良有关的并发症。结论：吸痰管通试验复合听诊法判断双腔管满意就位的方法简单、可靠，可反复用于术中患者体位变动后对双腔管满意就位状态的判断，且不增加损伤机会，是临床上一个很好的方法。     

气管插管冲洗治疗胎粪吸入综合征44例

目的观察气管插管冲洗治疗胎粪吸入综合征40例的临床疗效。方法回顾分析胎粪吸入综合征（MAS）79例。其中气管插管冲洗40例为治疗组;无气道插管冲洗39例为对照组。观察两组的疗效。治疗组除在头及全身娩出后各进行一次口、鼻、咽部清吸外,要在15-20s内完成清吸、刺激、供氧等措施。后治疗组予以气管插管用0.5ml生理盐水反复冲洗至液体变清为止。结果①血气分析中：两组在0-3h的各项数值无显著性差异;但在4-24h的数值（除pH、PCO2外）PO2、Pao2a/A之间均有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。②治疗组较对照组在治愈率、上机人数率、合并症率、死亡率的比较有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。③治疗组较对照组可缩短治愈患儿住院天数,两组之间有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论对有粘稠胎粪、合并窒息、产前有导致窒息的高危因素的胎儿于吸净气管内分泌物后立即气管插管予以气道冲洗,可以减少胎粪吸入综合征的发生率。     

负压吸引技术在深度创面自体皮移植中的临床应用*

目的：探讨负压吸引技术在深度创面自体皮移植中的临床应用。方法：选取我院2016年2月—2018年6月住院的植皮患者共58例,根据知情同意原则分为对照组(植皮皮片应用加压包扎疗法)和观察组(植皮皮片应用封闭式负压吸引装置加压固定),各29例,对比两组患者术后7 d创面皮片存活率、愈合时间、换药次数、换药疼痛感、感染发生率及并发症。结果：观察组植皮术后7 d创面皮片存活率、愈合时间、换药次数、换药疼痛感均优于对照组(均P<0.01)。观察组患者植皮术后创面均未发生感染,对照组发生感染3例(10.3%)。随访半年,观察组患者创面皮片较对照组柔软,无明显挛缩。结论：封闭式负压吸引装置应用于自体皮移植皮片固定中,可促进皮片愈合,缩短愈合时间,减轻患者换药疼痛感和减少换药次数,降低感染率,并能减少下肢静脉血栓形成,为深度创面自体皮移植皮片固定提供了新的方法。     

儿科吸引类管腔器械清洗质量评价方法比较

目的评价三种方法用于儿科吸引类管腔器械清洗质量的检测效果,寻找适合此类器械的检测方法。方法 2016年1—4月采用随机数字表法对消毒供应中心清洗后的吸引类管腔器械进行抽样,使用目测借助放大镜检测法、杰力试纸检测法及ATP生物荧光检测法对同一类吸引管腔器械的外表面、螺纹接口及管腔内壁进行检测,比较三种方法的检测合格率。结果目测借助放大镜检测法、杰力试纸检测法及ATP生物荧光检测法检测清洗后吸引类管腔器械合格率分别为99.00%、91.00%、71.50%,三种方法合格率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=71.545,P0.001),两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.0167);三种方法检测管腔外表面的清洗合格率均为100.00%;螺纹接口处的清洗合格率分别为100.00%、98.00%、97.00%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=5.695,P0.05);管腔内壁的清洗合格率分别为99.00%、92.00%、72.00%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=72.634,P0.01),两两比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01)。结论儿科吸引类管腔器械的外表面及螺纹接口处清洗质量可采用目测借助放大镜进行评估,管腔内壁清洗质量的检测应首选ATP生物荧光法,条件有限时可使用杰力试纸进行日常检测,辅以ATP生物荧光法定期检测。     

ICU护士为机械通气患者安全吸痰的临床观察

机械通气是救治呼吸衰竭的重要措施。正压机械通气妨碍纤毛运动,气管内插管阻止痰液的排出。因此,吸痰是护理机械通气患者的主要技术操作。吸痰方法不当可造成多种不良后果,甚至危及生命。所以,掌握正确的吸痰方法是安全吸痰、保持呼吸道通畅的关键。